Deep learning and machine learning-based voice analysis for the detection of COVID-19: A proposal and comparison of architectures.
Knowl Based Syst
; 253: 109539, 2022 Oct 11.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35915642
ABSTRACT
Alongside the currently used nasal swab testing, the COVID-19 pandemic situation would gain noticeable advantages from low-cost tests that are available at any-time, anywhere, at a large-scale, and with real time answers. A novel approach for COVID-19 assessment is adopted here, discriminating negative subjects versus positive or recovered subjects. The scope is to identify potential discriminating features, highlight mid and short-term effects of COVID on the voice and compare two custom algorithms. A pool of 310 subjects took part in the study; recordings were collected in a low-noise, controlled setting employing three different vocal tasks. Binary classifications followed, using two different custom algorithms. The first was based on the coupling of boosting and bagging, with an AdaBoost classifier using Random Forest learners. A feature selection process was employed for the training, identifying a subset of features acting as clinically relevant biomarkers. The other approach was centered on two custom CNN architectures applied to mel-Spectrograms, with a custom knowledge-based data augmentation. Performances, evaluated on an independent test set, were comparable Adaboost and CNN differentiated COVID-19 positive from negative with accuracies of 100% and 95% respectively, and recovered from negative individuals with accuracies of 86.1% and 75% respectively. This study highlights the possibility to identify COVID-19 positive subjects, foreseeing a tool for on-site screening, while also considering recovered subjects and the effects of COVID-19 on the voice. The two proposed novel architectures allow for the identification of biomarkers and demonstrate the ongoing relevance of traditional ML versus deep learning in speech analysis.
1E, Vowel /e/ vocal task; 2S, Sentence vocal task; 3C, Cough vocal task; Adaboost; CFS, Correlation-based Feature Selection; CNN, Convolutional Neural Network; COVID-19; Classification; DL, Deep Learning; Deep learning; H, Healthy control subjects; MFCC, Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients; ML, Machine Learning; NS, Nasal Swab; P, Positive subjects; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction-based molecular swabs; PvsH, Positive versus Healthy subjects comparison; R, Recovered subjects; RF, Random Forest; ROC, Receiver-Operating Curve; ReLu, Rectified Linear Unit; RvsH, Recovered versus Healthy subjects comparison; SVM, Support Vector Machine; Speech processing
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Knowl Based Syst
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Itália