Micro-RNA in obstructive sleep apnoea: biomarker of cardiovascular outcome?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a global health problem with important cardiovascular consequences. Risk assessment tools are essential in OSA to identify patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and to achieve a cost-effective clinical management of the disease in the era of precision medicine. The objective is to provide an updated perspective on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in OSA as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. RECENT FINDINGS: Specific miRNAs have already been associated with patients with OSA and specific cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction or endothelial dysfunction. Numerous studies have addressed the use of miRNAs to identify the cardiovascular risk associated with OSA, both in patients and in animals with in vivo hypoxia models. Thus, these studies identified profiles of differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with OSA. In addition, the in vitro studies suggest that therapies with miRNA inhibitors that could help reduce cardiovascular risk. Therefore, this review highlights the primary approaches of the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers at the prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy levels. SUMMARY: Given the heterogeneity of OSA and its cardiovascular consequences, miRNAs have emerged as powerful biomarkers that can help improve the clinical management of OSA and its cardiovascular risk.