The effect of the 2-UPS/RR ankle rehabilitation robot with coupling biomechanical model on muscle behaviors.

With the popularization of biomechanical simulation technology, aiming at the rehabilitation of ankle joint injury, we imported simplified model of proposed 2-UPS/RR (two identical unconstraint kinematic branches with a universal-prismatic-spherical (UPS) structure and two rotating pair (R)) ankle rehabilitation robot into AnyBody Modeling System. Therefore, a human-machine model was established using the HILL-type muscle model and muscle recruitment criteria. This paper investigated the effects of rehabilitation trajectories on biomechanical response during rehabilitation. Additionally, three main lower limb muscles (soleus, peroneal brevis, and extensor digitorum longus) were examined under different rehabilitation trajectories (plantar dorsiflexion, varus or valgus, and compound movement) in the present study. Based on the biomechanical response of lower limbs, the results showed that different muscles had different sensitivities to the change of rehabilitation trajectories. The correlation coefficient between joint force and plantar dorsiflexion angle reached 0.99 (P < 0.01), indicating that the change of joint force was mainly dominated by plantar dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, but also affected by varus or valgus. Safe rehabilitation training can be achieved by controlling the designed 2-UPS/RR rehabilitation robot. The behavior of muscle force and joint force under different rehabilitation trajectories can meet the needs of rehabilitation and treatment of joint diseases, and provide more reasonable suggestions for early rehabilitation.