Comparison of Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Cannulated Screws Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in Calcaneal Fractures.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Accurate placement of the screws is challenging in percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of calcaneal fractures, and robot-assisted (RA) surgery enhances the accuracy. We investigated the outcome of percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of Sander's type II and III calcaneal fractures. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data of 26 patients with fresh closed calcaneal fractures (28 fractures) who were admitted to our center from January 2022 to July 2022. All fractures were divided into the RA group and the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) group according to the surgeries performed. RA surgery was performed by closed reduction or open reduction combined with a tarsal sinus approach. Age, sex, operation time, preoperative waiting time, length of postoperative hospital stay, wound complications, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS) at 3 months postoperatively were compared. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters (calcaneal length, width, height, Böhler angle, and fixation rate of the sustentaculum tali) were documented. The chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon test were used for the comparison of categorical, normally distributed, and nonnormally distributed continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS: The calcaneal width, height, and Böhler angle were significantly corrected postoperatively in both groups. The postoperative calcaneal lengths in both groups were also corrected. However, no significant difference was found. No significant differences in calcaneal length, width, height, and Böhler angle were observed between the two groups. The operation time (p < 0.001), preoperative waiting time (p < 0.001), and length of postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.003) in the RA surgery group were significantly shorter than those in the ORIF group. The fixation rate of the sustentaculum tali (p < 0.001) in the RA surgery group was significantly superior to that in the ORIF group. All wound complications occurred in the ORIF group. All fractures healed within 3 months. The AOFAS scores at 3 months postoperatively were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: RA percutaneous screw fixation of the calcaneal fracture is a safe, effective, rapid, and minimally invasive surgical option for surgeons.