Ionized hypercalcemia in 238 cats from a referral hospital population (2009-2019).
J Vet Intern Med
; 37(1): 80-91, 2023 Jan.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36645022
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Ionized calcium concentration ([iCa]) is more sensitive for detecting calcium disturbances than serum total calcium concentration but literature on ionized hypercalcemia in cats is limited. Urolithiasis is a possible adverse consequence of hypercalcemia. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES:
To describe clinical details of diagnoses associated with ionized hypercalcemia in cats and association with urolithiasis. ANIMALS Cats (238) seen between 2009 and 2019 at a referral hospital with [iCa] above the normal reference interval.METHODS:
Observational cross-sectional study. Signalment, serum biochemical and imaging findings were reviewed for cats with ionized hypercalcemia considered to be clinically relevant (>1.41 mmol/L). Data were summarized by cause of hypercalcemia (i.e., diagnosis).RESULTS:
Diagnoses for the 238 cats with [iCa] >1.41 mmol/L included acute kidney injury (AKI; 13%), malignancy-associated (10.1%), idiopathic hypercalcemia (IHC; 10.1%), chronic kidney disease/renal diet-associated (8.4%), iatrogenic (5.5%), primary hyperparathyroidism (2.1%), vitamin D toxicity (2.1%) and granulomatous disease (1.7%). In 112 cases (47.1%), no cause for ionized hypercalcemia could be determined (n = 95), hypercalcemia was transient (n = 12), or the cat was juvenile (<1 year; n = 5). Urolithiasis was identified in 83.3% of AKI, 72.7% of iatrogenic, 61.1% of CKD/renal diet-associated and 50% of IHC cases that were imaged (<50% for other diagnoses). Diagnoses with a high proportion of concurrent total hypercalcemia included primary hyperparathyroidism (100%), vitamin D toxicity (100%), malignancy-associated (71.4%), granulomatous disease (66.7%) and IHC (65.2%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ionized hypercalcemia was most commonly associated with kidney diseases, neoplasia or IHC. The proportion of urolithiasis cases varied by diagnosis.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doenças do Gato
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Insuficiência Renal Crônica
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Hiperparatireoidismo Primário
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Urolitíase
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Injúria Renal Aguda
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Hipercalcemia
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Neoplasias
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
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Etiology_studies
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Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Vet Intern Med
Assunto da revista:
MEDICINA INTERNA
/
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Reino Unido