Heterogeneity in depressive and anxiety symptoms and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from three Dutch psychiatric case-control cohorts from April 2020 to February 2022.
J Psychosom Res
; 165: 111138, 2023 02.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36652808
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
While research found heterogeneous changes in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the long-term changes in mental health in psychiatric groups. Therefore, we applied a data-driven method to detect sub-groups with distinct trajectories across two years into the pandemic in psychiatric groups, and described their differences in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.METHOD:
We conducted sixteen rounds of questionnaires between April 2020 and February 2022 among participants (n = 1722) of three psychiatric case-control cohorts that started in the 2000's. We used Growth Mixture Modelling and (multinomial) logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with trajectory membership.RESULTS:
We found low decreasing (1228 [72%] participants), intermediate (n = 348 [22%] participants) and high stable (106 [6%] participants) trajectories of depressive symptoms; decreasing low/intermediate (1507 [90%] participants) and high stable (161 [10%] participants) trajectories of anxiety symptoms; and stable low (1109 [61%] participants), stable high (315 [17%] participants), temporary lowered (123 [9%]) and temporary heightened (175 [13%] participants) trajectories of loneliness. Chronicity and severity of pre-pandemic mental disorders predicted unfavourable sub-group membership for all outcomes. Being female, having a low education and income level were associated with unfavourable trajectories of depression, being younger with unfavourable trajectories of anxiety and being female and living alone with unfavourable trajectories of loneliness.CONCLUSION:
We found relatively stable trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms over two years, suggesting low heterogeneity in outcomes during the pandemic. For loneliness, we found two specific sub-groups with temporary increase and decrease in loneliness during the pandemic.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
COVID-19
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
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Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Psychosom Res
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article