Afatinib for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer with unusual EGFR mutations: a plain language summary.

ABSTRACT

WHAT IS EGFR & WHAT IS AFATINIB? EGFR is a protein on cells that helps control their growth and division. Mutations in the gene for EGFR can cause cancer, including some cases of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Afatinib is a medicine that blocks mutated EGFR and helps kill cancer cells. Many different types of EGFR mutation have been identified in people with NSCLC. Over three quarters of cases are caused by two types of EGFR mutation, known as common EGFR mutations, but some cases are caused by unusual/uncommon EGFR mutations. People with NSCLC who have these unusual/ uncommon EGFR mutations are often excluded from clinical trials. Consequently, researchers don't really know how well medicines like afatinib work in these people. WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT? This is a summary of a study reporting findings from a large database of people with non-small-cell lung cancer (also called NSCLC) who have unusual or uncommon changes in a gene called EGFR and who received afatinib. The researchers used the database to see how effective afatinib is in people who have different types of unusual EGFR mutation. Afatinib seems to work well in people with NSCLC who have not already been treated. Part of the study also looked at people who had received a similar treatment, called osimertinib, in the past compared to those who had not been treated with this medicine. WHAT DID THE RESEARCHERS FIND? The researchers found that afatinib works well in most people with NSCLC who have unusual/uncommon EGFR mutations, although it seems to work better against certain types of these mutations than others. WHAT DO THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY MEAN? The researchers concluded that afatinib is a treatment option for most people with NSCLC and unusual/uncommon EGFR mutations. It is important for doctors to identify the precise type of EGFR mutation in a tumor before starting treatment.