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COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region.
Burnside, Girvan; Cheyne, Christopher P; Leeming, Gary; Humann, Michael; Darby, Alistair; Green, Mark A; Crozier, Alexander; Maskell, Simon; O'Halloran, Kay; Musi, Elena; Carmi, Elinor; Khan, Naila; Fisher, Debra; Corcoran, Rhiannon; Dunning, Jake; Edmunds, W John; Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini; Hughes, David M; Malki-Epshtein, Liora; Cook, Malcolm; Roberts, Ben M; Gallagher, Eileen; Howell, Kate; Chand, Meera; Kemp, Robin; Boulter, Matthew; Fowler, Tom; Semple, Malcolm G; Coffey, Emer; Ashton, Matt; García-Fiñana, Marta; Buchan, Iain E.
Afiliação
  • Burnside G; Deparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
  • Cheyne CP; Deparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
  • Leeming G; Deparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
  • Humann M; Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
  • Darby A; Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
  • Green MA; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK.
  • Crozier A; Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
  • Maskell S; Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
  • O'Halloran K; Department of Communication and Media, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZG, UK.
  • Musi E; Department of Communication and Media, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZG, UK.
  • Carmi E; Department of Sociology and Criminology, City University, London EC1V 0HB, UK.
  • Khan N; Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
  • Fisher D; Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
  • Corcoran R; Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
  • Dunning J; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
  • Edmunds WJ; Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
  • Tharmaratnam K; Deparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
  • Hughes DM; Deparment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
  • Malki-Epshtein L; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
  • Cook M; Building Energy Research Group, School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
  • Roberts BM; Building Energy Research Group, School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
  • Gallagher E; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
  • Howell K; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
  • Chand M; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
  • Kemp R; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
  • Boulter M; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
  • Fowler T; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
  • Semple MG; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
  • Coffey E; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
  • Ashton M; Liverpool City Council, Liverpool L3 1AH, UK.
  • García-Fiñana M; Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK.
J R Soc Med ; 117(1): 11-23, 2024 Jan.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37351911
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

To understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risks, perceived risks and the feasibility of risk mitigations from experimental mass cultural events before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions were lifted.

DESIGN:

Prospective, population-wide observational study.

SETTING:

Four events (two nightclubs, an outdoor music festival and a business conference) open to Liverpool City Region UK residents, requiring a negative lateral flow test (LFT) within the 36 h before the event, but not requiring social distancing or face-coverings.

PARTICIPANTS:

A total of 12,256 individuals attending one or more events between 28 April and 2 May 2021. MAIN OUTCOME

MEASURES:

SARS-CoV-2 infections detected using audience self-swabbed (5-7 days post-event) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, with viral genomic analysis of cases, plus linked National Health Service COVID-19 testing data. Audience experiences were gathered via questionnaires, focus groups and social media. Indoor CO2 concentrations were monitored.

RESULTS:

A total of 12 PCR-positive cases (likely 4 index, 8 primary or secondary), 10 from the nightclubs. Two further cases had positive LFTs but no PCR. A total of 11,896 (97.1%) participants with scanned tickets were matched to a negative pre-event LFT 4972 (40.6%) returned a PCR within a week. CO2 concentrations showed areas for improving ventilation at the nightclubs. Population infection rates were low, yet with a concurrent outbreak of >50 linked cases around a local swimming pool without equivalent risk mitigations. Audience anxiety was low and enjoyment high.

CONCLUSIONS:

We observed minor SARS-CoV-2 transmission and low perceived risks around events when prevalence was low and risk mitigations prominent. Partnership between audiences, event organisers and public health services, supported by information systems with real-time linked data, can improve health security for mass cultural events.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: COVID-19 Tipo de estudo: Etiology_studies / Observational_studies / Qualitative_research / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: J R Soc Med Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Reino Unido
Texto completo
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: COVID-19 Tipo de estudo: Etiology_studies / Observational_studies / Qualitative_research / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: J R Soc Med Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Reino Unido