Idarubicin versus epirubicin in drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization for treating hepatocellular carcinoma: A real-world retrospective study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of idarubicin-loaded drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization (IDA-TACE) and epirubicin-loaded drug-eluting beads-TACE (EPI-TACE) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All patients with HCC treated with TACE in our hospital between June 2020 and January 2022 were screened. The included patients were divided into the IDA-TACE group and EPI-TACE group to compare overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events. There were 55 patients each in the IDA-TACE and EPI-TACE groups. Compared with the EPI-TACE group, the median TTP in the IDA-TACE group was not significantly different (10.50 vs. 9.23 months; HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.40-1.16; P = 0.154), whereas the survival status in the IDA-TACE group tended to be better (neither achieved; HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.22-1.02; P = 0.055). Based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system for subgroup analysis, considering stage C patients, the IDA-TACE group performed significantly better in terms of ORR (77.1% vs. 54.3%, P = 0.044), median TTP (10.93 vs. 5.20 months; HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.24-0.89; P = 0.021), and median OS (not achieved vs. 17.80 months; HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.18-0.93; P = 0.033). Considering stage B patients, there were no significant differences between the IDA-TACE and EPI-TACE groups in terms of ORR (80.0% vs. 80.0%, P = 1.000), median TTP (10.20 vs. 11.2 months; HR 1.41; 95% CI 0.54-3.65; P = 0.483), or median OS (neither achieved, HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.04-5.24; P = 0.543). Notably, leukopenia was more common in the IDA-TACE group (20.0%, P = 0.052), and fever was more common in the EPI-TACE group (49.1%, P = 0.010). IDA-TACE was more effective than EPI-TACE in treating advanced-stage HCC and comparable in treating intermediate-stage HCC.