Nocardia australiensis sp. nov. and Nocardia spumae sp. nov., isolated from sea foam in Queensland, Australia.

Strains USC-21046T and USC-21048T were isolated from foaming coastal marine waters on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. Both strains displayed growth and morphological characteristics typical for members belonging to the genus Nocardia. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω9c, C18 : 0 and C18 : 0 10-methyl. The mycolic acids of strains USC-21046T and USC-21048T consisted of chain lengths between 50-64 and 56-68, respectively. Moreover, both of those strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and ribose, arabinose, glucose and galactose as whole cell sugars. Based on the phylogenomic results, both strains belonged to the genus Nocardia with strain USC-21046T showing an 80.4 % genome similarity to N. vinacea NBRC 16497T and N. pseudovaccinii NBRC 100343T, whereas USC-21048T strain showed an 83.6 % genome similarity to N. aobensis NBRC 100429T. Both strains were delineated from their closely related relatives based on physiological (e.g. growth on sole carbon source) and chemotaxonomic (e.g. cellular fatty composition) differences. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between USC-21046T and USC-21048T and their closely related relatives were below the dDDH threshold value of ≤70 % used for the taxonomic classification of novel species status. The genome length of strains USC-21046T and USC-21048T were 6 878 863 and 7 066 978 bp, with G+C contents of 65.2 and 67.8 mol%, respectively. For the novel isolates, we propose the names Nocardia australiensis sp. nov. with the type strain USC-21046T (=DSM 111727T=NCCB 100867T) and Nocardia spumae sp. nov. with the type strain USC-21048T (=DSM 111726T=NCCB 100868T).