Impact of Water- and Land-Based Exercise Training on Risk Factors and Vascular Function in Middle-Aged and Older Men and Women.
Med Sci Sports Exerc
; 56(2): 230-237, 2024 Feb 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37710393
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Exercise improves vascular function, but it is unclear whether benefits are mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors or whether sex differences in training effects exist in older adults. We hypothesized that exercise would improve cardiovascular risk factors, that males and females would benefit similarly, and that improvements in risk factors would correlate with changes in vascular function.METHODS:
Seventy-two healthy middle-aged/older adults (age, 62 ± 7 yr; 26%â) were randomized to a land-walking ( n = 23), water-walking ( n = 25), or a nonexercise control group (C; n = 23). The exercise groups undertook supervised and monitored training three times a week for 50 min per session, across 24 wk. Blood pressure, body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry), blood lipids and glucose, and flow-mediated brachial artery dilation were assessed in all participants at weeks 0 and 24. To maximize power for sex differences and correlation analyses, we pooled the training groups (land-walking + water-walking).RESULTS:
Training prevented increases in LDL and total cholesterol/HDL ratio observed in the nonexercise control group. No group by time interactions were observed for other risk factors. Sex differences in training effects existed for visceral fat (-187 ± 189 gâ vs -15 ± 161 gâ; P = 0.006) and lean mass (-352 ± 1045 gâ vs 601 ± 1178 gâ; P = 0.008). Improvement in flow-mediated brachial artery dilation was correlated with decreased waist girth ( r = -0.450, P = 0.036), but not with other risk factors.CONCLUSIONS:
Exercise training prevented deterioration in lipid levels, whereas sex differences existed for body composition changes with training. Improvement in vascular function was not dependent on changes in risk factors in middle-aged/older adults, suggesting that artery health may be dependent on other exercise-related stimuli.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Água
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Exercício Físico
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
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Etiology_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Aged
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Med Sci Sports Exerc
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Austrália