Changes in the eating disorder voice over time and the association of voice characteristics at baseline with clinical symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Patients with eating disorders report the experience of living with an eating disorder voice, a second- or third-person, negative commentary about eating, weight, shape and their implications for self-esteem. Qualitative and cross-sectional studies suggest that the severity and characteristics of the eating disorder voice might play a role in the maintenance of eating disorder symptoms. The goal of this study was to expand the evidence base as to how the eating disorder voice changes over time and whether the characteristics of the voice are associated with changes in eating disorder symptoms during treatment. METHOD: Seventy-two patients with anorexia nervosa receiving intensive eating disorder treatment were recruited. They completed self-report measures of eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress and eating disorder voice's severity and characteristics (e.g., malevolence, benevolence and omnipotence) at baseline and approximately 6 months later. RESULTS: Over time, patients reported lower levels of eating and weight concern (small effect size), shape concern (large effect size) and anxiety (small effect size). They also reported a reduction in the severity, perceived malevolence (medium effect size) and omnipotence (small effect size) of the eating disorder voice. Greater severity and malevolence of the voice, and lower benevolence at baseline predicted greater reductions in eating disorder symptoms (i.e., restraint and shape concern). CONCLUSION: Beliefs about the eating disorder voice (i.e., malevolence) and severity of the voice appear to be malleable to treatment and are associated with a reduction of eating disorder symptoms. The potential of using dialogical approaches to target the eating disorder voice is discussed.