Optimizing Sensor Placement for Temperature Mapping during Ablation Procedures.

ABSTRACT

Accurately mapping the temperature during ablation is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. While various sensor configurations have been suggested in the literature, depending on the sensors' type, number, and size, a comprehensive understanding of optimizing these parameters for precise temperature reconstruction is still lacking. This study addresses this gap by introducing a tool based on a theoretical model to optimize the placement of fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG) within the organ undergoing ablation. The theoretical model serves as a general framework, allowing for adaptation to various situations. In practical application, the model provides a foundational structure, with the flexibility to tailor specific optimal solutions by adjusting problem-specific data. We propose a nonlinear and nonconvex (and, thus, only solvable in an approximated manner) optimization formulation to determine the optimal distribution and three-dimensional placement of FBG arrays. The optimization aims to find a trade-off among two objectives: maximizing the variance of the expected temperatures measured by the sensors, which can be obtained from a predictive simulation that considers both the type of applicator used and the specific organ involved, and maximizing the squared sum of the distances between the sensor pairs. The proposed approach provides a trade-off between collecting diverse temperatures and not having all the sensors concentrated in a single area. We address the optimization problem through the utilization of approximation schemes in programming. We then substantiate the efficacy of this approach through simulations. This study tackles optimizing the FBGs' sensor placement for precise temperature monitoring during tumor ablation. Optimizing the FBG placement enhances temperature mapping, aiding in tumor cell eradication while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.