Occurrence of Chlorinated Derivatives of Bisphenol S in Paper Products and Their Potential Health Risks through Dermal Exposure.

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol S (Clx-BPS) and BPS was investigated in nine types of paper products (n = 125), including thermal paper, corrugated boxes, mail envelopes, newspapers, flyers, magazines, food contact paper, household paper, and business cards. BPS was found in all paper product samples, while Clx-BPS were mainly found in thermal paper (from below the limit of detection (paper products was 0.546 and 16.4 ng per day for generally and occupationally exposed individuals, at the maximum concentration of 3.76 µg g-1. Additionally, the potential toxicity of Clx-BPS was predicted using an in silico tool, showing toxicity gradually increased with an increasing degree of chlorination of BPS. Thus, human exposure to Clx-BPS through paper products should be given due attention as a health risk.