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Potential adverse outcome pathway of neurodevelopmental toxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress induction mediated by three alkyl organophosphate flame retardants in zebrafish larvae.
Yun, Kijeong; Jeon, Hyeri; Kho, Younglim; Ji, Kyunghee.
Afiliação
  • Yun K; Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea.
  • Jeon H; Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea.
  • Kho Y; Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea.
  • Ji K; Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kyungheeji@yongin.ac.kr.
Chemosphere ; 356: 141901, 2024 May.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38583538
ABSTRACT
Following restrictions on polybrominated flame retardants, trimethyl phosphate (TMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) have been frequently used as plasticizers for fire-resistant plastics. This study investigated the neurodevelopmental effects, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress induction of three alkyl organophosphate flame retardants using a zebrafish embryo/larvae model. After exposure of zebrafish embryos to TMP, TEP, and TBEP (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, and 200 µg L-1) for 96 h, survival, development, swimming behavior, changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, dopamine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed. Concentrations of TMP, TEP, and TBEP were also measured in the whole body of exposed larvae. Our results showed that exposure to 200 µg L-1 TEP and ≥20 µg L-1 TBEP significantly reduced larval body length; however, TMP had no significant effects on developmental parameters up to 200 µg L-1. After 96 h of exposure to TBEP, total distance moved, mean velocity, AChE, and dopamine concentrations were significantly decreased. Exposure to TEP and TBEP decreased the expression of genes that regulate central nervous system development (e.g. gap43 and mbpa), whereas ROS, antioxidant enzymes, TNF-α, and IL-1ß concentrations were significantly increased. Notably, pretreatment with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by TEP and TBEP. The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to TEP and TBEP causes oxidative stress and has adverse effects on the neurobehavioral and immune system of zebrafish, leading to hypoactivity and ultimately impairing development.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Organofosfatos / Peixe-Zebra / Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio / Estresse Oxidativo / Retardadores de Chama / Larva Limite: Animals Idioma: En Revista: Chemosphere Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Organofosfatos / Peixe-Zebra / Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio / Estresse Oxidativo / Retardadores de Chama / Larva Limite: Animals Idioma: En Revista: Chemosphere Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article