Intelligent Biogenic Missile for Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Combined Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy in Tumors.

ABSTRACT

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a significant noninvasive therapeutic modality, but it is often limited in its application due to the restricted tissue penetration depth caused by the wavelength limitations of the light source. Two-photon (TP) fluorescence techniques are capable of having an excitation wavelength in the NIR region by absorbing two NIR photons simultaneously, which offers the potential to achieve higher spatial resolution for deep tissue imaging. Thus, the adoption of TP fluorescence techniques affords several discernible benefits for photodynamic therapy. Organic TP dyes possess a high fluorescence quantum yield. However, the biocompatibility of organic TP dyes is poor, and the method of coating organic TP dyes with silica can effectively overcome the limitations. Herein, based on the TP silica nanoparticles, a functionalized intelligent biogenic missile TP-SiNPs-G4(TMPyP4)-dsDNA(DOX)-Aptamer (TGTDDA) was developed for effective TP bioimaging and synergistic targeted photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy in tumors. First, the Sgc8 aptamer was used to target the PTK7 receptor on the surface of tumor cells. Under two-photon light irradiation, the intelligent biogenic missile can be activated for TP fluorescence imaging to identify tumor cells and the photosensitizer assembled on the nanoparticle surface can be activated for photodynamic therapy. Additionally, this intelligent biogenic missile enables the controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). The innovative strategy substantially enhances the targeted therapeutic effectiveness of cancer cells. The intelligent biogenic missile provides an effective method for the early detection and treatment of tumors, which has a good application prospect in the real-time high-sensitivity diagnosis and treatment of tumors.