Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Turn-On Luminescence of Chiral Bisimidazolyl BINOL Dimethyl Ether Crystals.

ABSTRACT

Stimuli-responsive organic luminescent crystals have attracted significant attention in recent years for their potential in sensor and memory applications. While turn-on luminescence is superior in detection sensitivity compared with turn-off luminescence, the development of organic crystals that exhibit turn-on luminescence in response to multiple stimuli remains a significant challenge. Herein, the crystals of chiral bisimidazolyl 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) dimethyl ether have exhibited a dual-stimuli-responsive turn-on luminescence based on two distinct mechanisms. In the crystalline state, luminescence was substantially quenched by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the imidazole rings. Mechanical stimulation induced a transition to a blue-violet-emissive amorphous state. In contrast, thermal stimulation produced an orange luminescence, attributed to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) luminescence from thermally demethylated products. Furthermore, the thermally induced state exhibited circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), marking a rare instance of stimuli-responsive turn-on CPL in a solid-state system. This study provides new insights into environmental and structural factors for solid-state luminescent properties and advances the design guidelines for multifunctional luminescent sensors.