There is high variability in quantitative measurement techniques in glenohumeral capsular measurements for shoulder instability: A systematic review.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Instability of the glenohumeral joint remains a complex clinical issue with high rates of surgical failure and significant morbidity. Advances in specific radiologic measurements involving the glenoid and the humerus have provided insight into glenohumeral pathology, which can be corrected surgically towards improving patient outcomes. The contributions of capsular pathology to ongoing instability remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of existing glenohumeral capsular measurement techniques published in the last 15 years. METHODS: A systematic review of multiple databases was performed following PRISMA guidelines for all primary research articles between 2008 and 2023 with quantitative measurements of the glenohumeral capsule in patients with instability, including anterior, posterior and multi-directional instability. RESULTS: There were a total of 14 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. High variability in measurement methodology across studies was observed, including variable amounts of intra-articular contrast, heterogeneity among magnetic resonance sequence acquisitions, differences in measurements performed and the specific approach taken to compute each measurement. CONCLUSION: There is a need for standardization of methods in the measurement of glenohumeral capsular pathology in the setting of glenohumeral instability to allow for cross-study analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.