MGMT inhibition regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma.

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), but the overall survival rate for radiotherapy treated GBM patients is poor. The use of adjuvant and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) improves the outcome; however, the effectiveness of this treatment varies according to MGMT levels. Herein, we evaluated whether MGMT expression affected the radioresponse of human GBM, GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), and melanoma. Our results indicated a correlation between MGMT promoter methylation status and MGMT expression. MGMT-producing cell lines ACPK1, GBMJ1, A375, and MM415 displayed enhanced radiosensitivity when MGMT was silenced using siRNA or when inhibited by lomeguatrib, whereas the OSU61, NSC11, WM852, and WM266-4 cell lines, which do not normally produce MGMT, displayed reduced radiosensitivity when MGMT was overexpressed. Mechanistically lomeguatrib prolonged radiation-induced γH2AX retention in MGMT-producing cells without specific cell cycle changes, suggesting that lomeguatrib-induced radiosensitization in these cells is due to radiation-induced DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair inhibition. The DNA-DSB repair inhibition resulted in cell death via mitotic catastrophe in MGMT-producing cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that MGMT expression regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma, implying a role for MGMT as a target for radiosensitization.