The role of CD4+ T cells in visceral leishmaniasis; new and emerging roles for NKG7 and TGFß.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
; 14: 1414493, 2024.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38881737
ABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis is a potentially devastating neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum (chagasi). These parasites reside in tissue macrophages and survive by deploying a number of mechanisms aimed at subverting the host immune response. CD4+ T cells play an important role in controlling Leishmania parasites by providing help in the form of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate microbiocidal pathways in infected macrophages. However, because these cytokines can also cause tissue damage if over-produced, regulatory immune responses develop, and the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory CD4+ T cells responses determines the outcomes of infection. Past studies have identified important roles for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and TNF, as well as regulatory co-inhibitory receptors and the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. More recently, other immunoregulatory molecules have been identified that play important roles in CD4+ T cell responses during VL. In this review, we will discuss recent findings about two of these molecules; the NK cell granule protein Nkg7 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFß, and describe how they impact CD4+ T cell functions and immune responses during visceral leishmaniasis.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Leishmania donovani
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Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos
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Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta
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Leishmaniose Visceral
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Austrália