A Focus on the Pathophysiology of Adrenomedullin Expression: Endothelitis and Organ Damage in Severe Viral and Bacterial Infections.
Cells
; 13(11)2024 May 22.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38891025
ABSTRACT
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide hormone produced primarily in the adrenal glands, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. As well as improving vascular integrity and decreasing vascular permeability, ADM acts as a vasodilator, positive inotrope, diuretic, natriuretic and bronchodilator, antagonizing angiotensin II by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. ADM also has antihypertrophic, anti-apoptotic, antifibrotic, antioxidant, angiogenic and immunoregulatory effects and antimicrobial properties. ADM expression is upregulated by hypoxia, inflammation-inducing cytokines, viral or bacterial substances, strength of shear stress, and leakage of blood vessels. These pathological conditions are established during systemic inflammation that can result from infections, surgery, trauma/accidents or burns. The ability to rapidly identify infections and the prognostic, predictive power makes it a valuable tool in severe viral and bacterial infections burdened by high incidence and mortality. This review sheds light on the pathophysiological processes that in severe viral or bacterial infections cause endothelitis up to the development of organ damage, the resulting increase in ADM levels dosed through its more stable peptide mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), the most significant studies that attest to its diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in highlighting the severity of viral or bacterial infections and appropriate therapeutic insights.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Infecções Bacterianas
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Viroses
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Adrenomedulina
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Cells
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Itália