Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Concentrates from Common Kilka Oil: Optimization of the Urea Complexation Process.
Molecules
; 29(11)2024 May 21.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38893305
ABSTRACT
There has been an increase in interest in the application of ω-3 PUFAs, especially EPA and DHA, in the development of various food products owing to their myriad health benefits. However, most fish oils do not contain more than 30% combined levels of EPA and DHA. In this study, through the urea complexation procedure, the production of EPA and DHA concentrate in their free fatty acids (FFAs) form was achieved from an enzymatic oil extracted from common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia). To gain the maximum value of EPA and DHA, the response surface methodology (RSM), which is an effective tool to categorize the level of independent variables onto the responses of an experimental process, was also used. Different variables including the urea-fatty acids (FAs) ratio (in the range of 2-6, w/w), the temperature of crystallization (in the range of -24-8 °C), and the time of crystallization (in the range of 8-40 h) were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) for maximizing the EPA and DHA contents. Following the model validation, the levels of the variables at which the maximum desirability function (0.907 score) was obtained for response variables were 51 (urea-FAs ratio), -9 °C (the temperature of crystallization), and 24 h (the time of crystallization). Under these optimal conditions, increases of 2.2 and 4.4 times in the EPA and DHA concentrations were observed, respectively, and an increase in the concentrations of EPA and DHA from 5.39 and 13.32% in the crude oil to 12.07 and 58.36% in the ω-3 PUFA concentrates were observed, respectively. These findings indicate that the urea complexation process is efficient at optimizated conditions.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Ureia
/
Óleos de Peixe
/
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Molecules
Assunto da revista:
BIOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Irã