Phages carry orphan antitoxin-like enzymes to neutralize the DarTG1 toxin-antitoxin defense system.
bioRxiv
; 2024 Jul 11.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39026772
ABSTRACT
The astounding number of anti-phage defenses encoded by bacteria is countered by an elaborate set of phage counter-defenses, though their evolutionary origins are often unknown. Here, we discover an orphan antitoxin counter-defense element in T4-like phages that can overcome the bacterial toxin-antitoxin phage defense system, DarTG1. The DarT1 toxin, an ADP-ribosyltransferase, modifies phage DNA to prevent replication while its cognate antitoxin, DarG1, is an ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase that reverses these modifications in uninfected bacteria. The orphan phage DarG1-like protein, which we term anti-DarT factor NADAR (AdfN), removes ADP-ribose modifications from phage DNA during infection thereby enabling replication in DarTG1-containing bacteria. AdfN, like DarG1, is in the NADAR superfamily of ADP-ribosylglycohydrolases found across domains of life. We find divergent NADAR proteins in unrelated phages that likewise exhibit anti-DarTG1 activity, underscoring the importance of ADP-ribosylation in bacterial-phage interactions, and revealing the function of a substantial subset of the NADAR superfamily.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Revista:
BioRxiv
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article