RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe prelingual hearing impairment (DFNB84) was observed in an extended consanguineous Palestinian kindred. All affected relatives shared a 12.5 MB homozygous haplotype on chromosome 12q21 with lod score 4.30. This homozygous region harbours the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Q gene PTPRQ, which is known to be essential to hearing in mouse. METHODS: Candidate genes in the 12.5 MB homozygous region were characterized genomically and sequenced in deaf and hearing relatives in the family. RESULTS: Sequence of PTPRQ in affected individuals in the extended kindred revealed c.1285C-->T, leading to p.Gln429Stop. This nonsense mutation co-segregated with hearing loss in the family and was homozygous in all affected relatives. The mutation did not appear among 288 Palestinian controls (576 chromosomes), all adults with normal hearing. No homozygous mutations in PTPRQ appeared in any of 218 other probands with hearing loss. CONCLUSION: Identification of the DFNB84 gene represents the first identification of PTPRQ mutation in human hearing loss.
Assuntos
Cílios/genética , Códon sem Sentido/genética , Loci Gênicos/genética , Perda Auditiva/enzimologia , Perda Auditiva/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases Classe 3 Semelhantes a Receptores/genética , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Padrões de Herança/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , LinhagemRESUMO
Recessively inherited phenotypes are frequent in the Palestinian population, as the result of a historical tradition of marriages within extended kindreds, particularly in isolated villages. In order to characterise the genetics of inherited hearing loss in this population, we worked with West Bank schools for the deaf to identify children with prelingual, bilateral, severe to profound hearing loss not attributable to infection, trauma or other known environmental exposure. Of 156 families enrolled, hearing loss in 17 families (11 per cent) was due to mutations in GJB2 (connexin 26), a smaller fraction of GJB2-associated deafness than in other populations. In order to estimate how many different genes might be responsible for hearing loss in this population, we evaluated ten families for linkage to all 36 known human autosomal deafness-related genes, fully sequencing hearing-related genes at any linked sites in informative relatives. Four families harboured four novel alleles of TMPRSS3 (988DeltaA = 352stop), otoancorin (1067A > T = D356V) and pendrin (716T > A = V239D and 1001G > T = 346stop). In each family, all affected individuals were homozygous for the critical mutation. Each allele was specific to one or a few families in the cohort; none were widespread. Since epidemiological tests of association of mutations with deafness were not feasible for such rare alleles, we used functional and bioinformatics approaches to evaluate their consequences. In six other families, hearing loss was not linked to any known gene, suggesting that these families harbour novel genes responsible for this phenotype. We conclude that inherited hearing loss is highly heterogeneous in this population, with most extended families acting as genetic isolates in this context. We also conclude that the same genes are responsible for hearing loss in this population as elsewhere, so that gene discovery in these families informs the genetics of hearing loss worldwide.
Assuntos
Genoma Humano , Perda Auditiva Bilateral/genética , Árabes/genética , Criança , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Conexina 26 , Conexinas/genética , Família , Frequência do Gene , Perda Auditiva Bilateral/epidemiologia , Humanos , Israel/epidemiologia , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
In a large consanguineous Palestinian kindred, we previously mapped DFNB28--a locus associated with recessively inherited, prelingual, profound sensorineural hearing impairment--to chromosome 22q13.1. We report here that mutations in a novel 218-kDa isoform of TRIOBP (TRIO and filamentous actin [F-actin] binding protein) are associated with DFNB28 hearing loss in a total of nine Palestinian families. Two nonsense mutations (R347X and Q581X) truncate the protein, and a potentially deleterious missense mutation (G1019R) occurs in a conserved motif in a putative SH3-binding domain. In seven families, 27 deaf individuals are homozygous for one of the nonsense mutations; in two other families, 3 deaf individuals are compound heterozygous for the two nonsense mutations or for Q581X and G1019R. The novel long isoform of TRIOBP has a restricted expression profile, including cochlea, retina, and fetal brain, whereas the original short isoform is widely expressed. Antibodies to TRIOBP reveal expression in sensory cells of the inner ear and colocalization with F-actin along the length of the stereocilia.