Secondary-tail formation during stolonization in the Japanese green syllid, Megasyllis nipponica.

Benthic annelids belonging to the family Syllidae show a distinctive sexual reproduction mode called "stolonization," in which posterior segments are transformed into a reproductive individual-like unit called a "stolon." Megasyllis nipponica forms a stolon head and a secondary tail in the middle of the trunk before a stolon detaches, while, in the case of posterior amputation, posterior regeneration initiates at the wound after amputation. To understand the difference between posterior regeneration and secondary-tail formation during stolonization, detailed comparisons between the developmental processes of these two tail-formation types were performed in this study. Morphological and inner structural observations (i.e., cell proliferation and muscular/nervous development) showed that some processes of posterior regeneration, such as blastema formation and muscular/nervous regeneration at the amputation site, are missing during secondary-tail formation. In contrast, the secondary tail showed some unique features, such as the formation of ventrolateral half-tail buds that later fused in the middle and muscle/nerve branches formed before the detachment of the stolon. These novel features in the process of stolonization are suggested to be adaptive since the animals need to recover a posterior end quickly to stolonize again.

Comparative transcriptomics in Syllidae (Annelida) indicates that posterior regeneration and regular growth are comparable, while anterior regeneration is a distinct process.

BACKGROUND: Annelids exhibit remarkable postembryonic developmental abilities. Most annelids grow during their whole life by adding segments through the action of a segment addition zone (SAZ) located in front of the pygidium. In addition, they show an outstanding ability to regenerate their bodies. Experimental evidence and field observations show that many annelids are able to regenerate their posterior bodies, while anterior regeneration is often limited or absent. Syllidae, for instance, usually show high abilities of posterior regeneration, although anterior regeneration varies across species. Some syllids are able to partially restore the anterior end, while others regenerate all lost anterior body after bisection. Here, we used comparative transcriptomics to detect changes in the gene expression profiles during anterior regeneration, posterior regeneration and regular growth of two syllid species: Sphaerosyllis hystrix and Syllis gracilis; which exhibit limited and complete anterior regeneration, respectively. RESULTS: We detected a high number of genes with differential expression: 4771 genes in S. hystrix (limited anterior regeneration) and 1997 genes in S. gracilis (complete anterior regeneration). For both species, the comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that gene expression during posterior regeneration and regular growth was very similar, whereas anterior regeneration was characterized by up-regulation of several genes. Among the up-regulated genes, we identified putative homologs of regeneration-related genes associated to cellular proliferation, nervous system development, establishment of body axis, and stem-cellness; such as rup and JNK (in S. hystrix); and glutamine synthetase, elav, slit, Hox genes, ß-catenin and PL10 (in S. gracilis). CONCLUSIONS: Posterior regeneration and regular growth show no significant differences in gene expression in the herein investigated syllids. However, anterior regeneration is associated with a clear change in terms of gene expression in both species. Our comparative transcriptomic analysis was able to detect differential expression of some regeneration-related genes, suggesting that syllids share some features of the regenerative mechanisms already known for other annelids and invertebrates.

Challenges of diagnosing homologous recombination deficiencies in metastatic prostate cancer: a six-year experience from a single institution.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the prevalence of homologous recombination deficiencies (HRD) to determine the efficacy of different techniques and clinical characteristics of patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with metastatic prostate cancer who underwent molecular testing at our hospital between 2016 and 2022. We used tumor tissue, ctDNA, and lymphocytes for somatic or germline testing. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. RESULTS: 144 patients were tested (113 somatic, 21 germline, and 10 both). Technical issues prevented the analysis of 23 prostatic samples (18.7%). 12 (8.3%) patients had HRD. BRCA2 was the most frequent mutation (66.7%). Patients with HRD were younger (57.5 years). Patients with BRCA mutations had poorer survival (31.9 vs 56.3 months, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: In our institution, 8.3% of the patients had HRD. Tumor tissue analysis failed in 18.7% of tests. ctDNA analysis is an alternative detection method. BRCA mutations are correlated with poor prognosis.

Factors Associated with Adherence to Treatment in Patients with HIV and Diabetes Mellitus.

We aim to identify the factors that influence the therapeutic adherence of subjects with chronic disease. The design followed in this work was empirical, not experimental, and cross-sectional with a correlational objective. The sample consisted of a total of 400 subjects (199 patients with HIV and 201 patients with diabetes mellitus). The instruments applied for data collection were a sociodemographic data questionnaire, the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4) and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. In the group of subjects with HIV, that the use of emotional coping strategies was related to lower adherence to treatment. On the other hand, in the group of subjects with diabetes mellitus, the variable related to compliance with treatment was the duration of illness. Therefore, the predictive factors of adherence to treatment were different in each chronic pathology. In the group of subjects with diabetes mellitus, this variable was related to the duration of the disease. In the group of subjects with HIV, the type of coping strategy used predicted adherence to treatment. As a result of these results, it is possible to develop health programmes to promote, from nursing consultations to adherence to treatment of patients with HIV and diabetes mellitus.

Correction: Rivera-Picón et al. Factors Associated with Adherence to Treatment in Patients with HIV and Diabetes Mellitus. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 269.

There was an error in the original publication [...].

Influence of state of health and personality factors of resilience and coping in healthy subjects and those with diabetes.

Introduction: Currently, the most common chronic metabolic disease in our society is Diabetes Mellitus. The diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus supposes an impact for the patient, since it requires a modification in the lifestyle, which demands a great capacity for adaptation and modification of habits. The aim of the study was to determine whether personality factors and health status influence resilience and coping strategies in a sample of healthy and diabetic subjects. Methodology: The sample included a total of 401 subjects (201 patients with Diabetes and 200 without pathology). The instruments applied for data collection were: Sociodemographic data questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire and The "Big Five" factor taxonomy. The data collection period was approximately 2 years (between February 2018 and January 2020). Results: Certain personality factors, such as Emotional Stability, Integrity, Conscientiousness and Extraversion, were positively related to Resilience. Additionally, Emotional Stability, Integrity, and Extraversion were positively associated with Rational Coping. On the other hand, emotional stability, agreeableness and extraversion were negatively related to emotional coping. In relation to health status, the absence of pathology is related to the use of rational strategies more than to the diagnosis of diabetes. Therefore, the participants in this study present different psychological patterns depending on personality and health status. Conclusions: The present study shows that the subjects of the sample present different psychological patterns depending on Personality and health status.

Compensation of CH4 emissions during tunneling works in Asturias: a proposal with benefits both for local councils and for the affected population.

The appearance of methane during the excavation of tunnels through Carboniferous strata has always been a significantly frequent event. The occurrence of methane in tunnels poses a twofold problem. On the one hand, there are the associated hazards for the safety of personnel: methane is both an inflammable and an explosive gas. It therefore becomes very important to estimate the methane flow reaching the tunnel as it advances in order to minimize risks and the negative effects of methane-related incidents. A number of calculation methods have been developed to estimate methane emissions in these specific underground workings. At the same time, methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with environmentally harmful effects and a pollutant potential more than 20 times that of carbon dioxide. The immediate consequence is that the aforementioned calculations methods should enable methane emissions to be predicted and allow the environmental impact of these methane emissions into the atmosphere to be assessed using the values thus estimated. In the present paper, a research study into CH(4) emissions in the Variante de Pajares tunnels has been used to estimate the equivalent emission of CO(2) to the atmosphere. Some significant compensatory actions are accordingly proposed to mitigate the environmental effects of tunnels excavated through methane-prone coalbeds and to contribute to the sustainable development of the affected areas. The results obtained would apply directly to the strata where they have been validated; however, it is not difficult to extrapolate the proposed methodology to other coal basins and other tunnels in similar conditions.

Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship.

There has been little investigation of male adolescent violence against women as acknowledged by boys themselves, and even less on such violence in different contexts with comparative studies of behavior between those who perpetrate this violence and the population at large. This study used cluster analysis to establish a male adolescent typology based on boys' self-reporting of violence against women in three contexts. The participants were 3,132 Spanish teenage boys aged 14-18 with experience of relationships with girls. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (69.8%), of non-violent boys; the second group (26%), more involved in sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating violence offline; the third group (4.2%), with abuse in the three contexts but less involved in sexual harassment online than the second group. The logistic regression analysis showed that justification of male dominance and violence was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups, followed by low self-esteem (for the third group) and risky sexual behaviors online (for the second and third groups). The findings based on these results are important for preventing male adolescent dating violence against women in the three male types detected.

Typology of Victimization against Women on Adolescent Girls in Three Contexts: Dating Offline, Dating Online, and Sexual Harassment Online.

Defining the typologies of adolescent girls in relation to different types of victimization against women could be very useful for prevention. Almost all the typologies previously elaborated on this topic define the typologies from situations of dating victimization. This study used cluster analysis to establish for the first time a typology of adolescent girl victimization against women that included dating violence offline, dating violence online, and sexual harassment online outside a relationship by means of a comparative analysis of behavior between those who had suffered this violence and the population at large. The participants were 3.532 Spanish teenage girls aged 14-18 with experience of relationships with boys. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (63.8%), non-victim girls; the second group (29.4%), victims of sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating victimization; the third group (6.8%), victims in the three contexts. The logistic regression analysis showed that risky sexual behavior online was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups (compared to the non-victim group), followed by low self-esteem (for the second group) and age (for both groups). Other variables that also contributed to predicting membership victim groups were health complaints, feminine gender role stress, justification of male dominance and violence, visiting risky websites, and problematic internet use. These results show the importance of including the prevention of such problems in order to eradicate violence against women in adolescence who have grown up with digital technologies.

Differences in Resilience, Psychological Well-Being and Coping Strategies between HIV Patients and Diabetics.

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in resilience, psychological well-being and coping strategies between patients with HIV and diabetics. The sample included a total of 400 subjects (199 patients with HIV and 201 subjects with diabetes). The instruments applied for data collection were a sociodemographic data questionnaire, the Resilience Scale (Wagnild and Young), the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Sandín and Chorot). The data collection period was approximately 2 years (between February 2018 and January 2020). Based on the results of our work it was found that the subjects with HIV had lower scores than the diabetic subjects in all the resilience factors, except for the factor "feeling good alone". In addition, the subjects with HIV scored significantly lower than the diabetic subjects on all the variables of psychological well-being. Subjects with HIV used problem-solving coping, social support seeking, positive reappraisal, religious coping and avoidance coping with less frequency than diabetic subjects. However, they used more negative auto-focused coping compared to diabetic subjects. Therefore, subjects with HIV show a different psychological pattern in relation to resilience, psychological well-being and use of coping strategies compared to diabetic subjects.

The Importance of Positive Psychological Factors among People Living with HIV: A Comparative Study.

We aim to identify the differences in psychological well-being, resilience, and coping strategies between healthy subjects and HIV patients. The design followed in this work was empirical, not experimental, and cross-sectional with a correlational objective. The sample included a total of 399 participants (199 patients with HIV and 200 without pathology). The instruments applied for data collection were as follows: a questionnaire on socio-demographic data, the Psychological Well-being Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. The study period was from February 2018 to January 2020. Patients with HIV had a significantly lower score than healthy subjects, in the resilience factors of perseverance and self-confidence. Subjects with HIV scored less in all dimensions of psychological well-being, with the exception of the dimension of autonomy. Finally, it was observed that HIV-positive subjects used rational coping strategies less frequently than healthy subjects, based on social support seeking and problem-solving coping. However, HIV patients scored higher in emotional coping strategies than healthy individuals.

FallSkip device is a useful tool for fall risk assessment in sarcopenic older community people.

PURPOSE: Fall prevention is a major health concern for the ageing population. Sarcopenia is considered a risk factor for falls. Some instruments, such as Time Up and Go (TUG), are used for screening risk. The use of sensors has also been shown to be a viable tool that can provide accurate, cost-effective, and easy to manage assessment of fall risk. One novel sensor for assessing fall risk in older people is the Fallskip device. The present study evaluates the performance of the FallSkip device against the TUG method in fall risk screening and assesses its measurement properties in sarcopenic older people. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was made in a sample of community-dwelling sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older people aged 70 years or over. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 34 older people with a mean age of 77.03 (6.58) years, of which 79.4% (n = 27) were females, and 41.2% (n = 14) were sarcopenic. The Pearson correlation coefficient between TUG time and FallSkip time was 0.70 (p < 0.001). The sarcopenic individuals took longer in performing both TUG and FallSkip. They also presented poorer reaction time, gait and sit-to-stand - though no statistically significant differences were observed. The results in terms of feasibility, acceptability, reliability and validity in sarcopenic older people with FallSkip were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The FallSkip device has suitable metric properties for the assessment of fall risk in sarcopenic community-dwelling older people. FallSkip analyses more parameters than TUG in assessing fall risk and has greater discriminatory power in evaluating the risk of falls.

The Daily Mile in practice: implementation and adaptation of the school running programme in a multiethnic city in the UK.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to generate new evidence on how The Daily Mile (TDM), a popular school-based running programme in the UK, is implemented in a diverse and multiethnic city in the UK and also the barriers faced by non-implementer schools. DESIGN: Mixed method cross-sectional study (including survey data collection and qualitative interviews). SETTING: Primary schools in a multiethnic city in the East Midlands, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two schools in Leicester city completed an online survey, and five teaching staff from five schools took part in follow-up semistructured qualitative interviews. RESULTS: Overall, 40.5% of schools who completed the survey reported having never implemented TDM, and 96.0% of implementer schools reported delivering TDM on three or more days per week. Reported barriers included space limitations and safety issues, timetabling and curriculum pressures, and pupil and teacher attitudes. Facilitators of implementation were teacher engagement and school culture/ethos, communication of the initiative and substantial delivery adaptations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study, based on data from schools in a multiethnic city in the UK, suggest that implementation of TDM is variable, and is influenced by a range of factors related to the school context, as well as the characteristics of TDM itself.

Masculine Gender Role Stress as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Justification of Dominance and Aggression and Male Adolescent Dating Violence against Women.

BACKGROUND: This research explores the role of masculine gender role stress (MGRS) in male adolescent dating violence (MADV). Previous research has found that progress towards gender equality between men and women is in certain contexts related to the greater prevalence of male intimate partner violence against women. These studies of adult men found that masculine gender role stress could help explain this surprising result. METHOD: The incidental sample of this study consisted of 339 boys residing in Madrid, Spain, aged 13 to 16. MGRS was assessed by two factors from the Eisler & Skidmore scale (1987): subordination to women (SW) and intellectual inferiority (II). MADV against women was assessed according to two subscales of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, CTS2: psychological aggression and physical aggression. Results RESULTS: Show for the first time in adolescents that MGRS caused by situations of subordination to women is an important MADV risk factor both in terms of physical and psychological violence. Our study also found that MGRS mediates the relationship between MADV against women and the justification of intimate partner violence against women (JIPVW). CONCLUSIONS: This article discusses the implications of these results for the prevention of MADV against women.

Polylactide, Processed by a Foaming Method Using Compressed Freon R134a, for Tissue Engineering.

Fabricating polymeric scaffolds using cost-effective manufacturing processes is still challenging. Gas foaming techniques using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have attracted attention for producing synthetic polymer matrices; however, the high-pressure requirements are often a technological barrier for its widespread use. Compressed 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, known as Freon R134a, offers advantages over CO2 in manufacturing processes in terms of lower pressure and temperature conditions and the use of low-cost equipment. Here, we report for the first time the use of Freon R134a for generating porous polymer matrices, specifically polylactide (PLA). PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a exhibited larger pore sizes, and total porosity, and appropriate mechanical properties compared with those achieved by scCO2 processing. PLGA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a were highly porous and showed a relatively fragile structure. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attached to PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, and their metabolic activity increased during culturing. In addition, MSCs displayed spread morphology on the PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, with a well-organized actin cytoskeleton and a dense matrix of fibronectin fibrils. Functionalization of Freon R134a-processed PLA scaffolds with protein nanoparticles, used as bioactive factors, enhanced the scaffolds' cytocompatibility. These findings indicate that gas foaming using compressed Freon R134a could represent a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fabrication technology to produce polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering approaches.

The light of Florence Nightingale in the care for COVID-19 patients in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contributions of Florence Nightingale`s care model in the COVID- 19 pandemic. METHOD: Reflection that addresses her theoretical model and its validity in this pandemic, using interpretative research methods and limiting nursing care to primary care. RESULTS: Some pandemics that have caused great impact in humanity are reviewed throughout history; the evolution of nursing care in relation to pandemics is studied; the genesis of community nursing is considered, and Nightingale's care model is reviewed in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Florence Nightingale's thinking withstands the passage of time and, today, as the COVID-19 pandemic rages across the planet, her concept of holistic care and her idea of the art of nursing take on special significance by considering the context involving patients, families and communities.

The Florence Nightingale's nursing theoretical model: a transmission of knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the contribution of Florence Nightingale in the ​​health and nursing areas based on her epistemological legacy. METHOD: Reflection in which Florence Nightingale's nursing theoretical model is approached, trying to show how her family, training, social and cultural concepts influenced the formal construction of care. RESULTS: Florence Nightingale's vocation, profession and legacy stand out as faithful expressions of her thoughts for the professional constitution of the nurse. Responsible for the care of people with a strong humanitarian characteristic. CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to unravel nursing care today from Nightingale's thinking. This represents the power of a lifetime dedicated to the profession.

Review of the symbiotic genus Haplosyllides (Polychaeta: Syllidae), with a description of a new species.

The genus Haplosyllides was considered as monotypic, with H. floridana as the only valid species. The present revision Includes two more species in this genus: H. aberrans comb. nov. and H. ophiocomae sp. nov. Syllis (Haplosyllis) aberrans (from Vietnam) was considered a Junior synonym of H. floridana (from the Caribbean). The finding of additional specimens from Vietnam and Indonesia, and the study of the type series, allowed us to redescribe H. aberrans comb. nov. on the basis of morphological, ecological and biogeographical characteristics. Haplosyllides aberrans comb. nov. differs from H. floridana in having posterior simple chaetae with tips twice as long, a pharyngeal tooth in all non-reproductive Individuals, and the granules Inside the dorsal cirri oval, elongated, and roughly distributed in longitudinal parallel rows. Haplosyllides ophiocomae sp. nov. was previously reported (as H. aberrans) from Puerto Rico. Although geographically close, It differs from H. floridana in having serration on the upper edge of the major teeth of simple chaetae, relatively shorter dorsal cirri, and a distinct mode of life. Haplosyllides floridana lives as an endosimbiont of Xetospongia muta, H. aberrans comb. nov. as a facultative parasite of Platycaris latirostris, and H. ophiocomae sp. nov. as a commensal of Ophiocoma pumila and other brittle stars. The meaning of these associations is discussed in light of the available Information. The remaining records of "Haplosyllides aberrans" from the Marshall Islands (associated with corals of the genus Heliopora) and from Brazil (among corals and calcareous algae) are considered as doubtful.