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1.
BMC Nurs ; 23(1): 337, 2024 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38762742

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) nurses are exposed to the risk of secondary traumatic stress (STS), which poses a threat not only to nurses' health and psychological well-being but also adversely affects the execution of their professional duties. The quality and outcome of their nursing services are negatively affected by STS. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the prevalence and intensity of Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) among Emergency Department (ED) nurses. It aims to identify and analyze the socio-demographic, occupational, and psychological factors that influence the severity and variation of STS experienced by these nurses. METHODS: The study utilized a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, including two phases. Phase 1 employed a cross-sectional study design, utilizing a convenience sample of 181 nurses to explore the levels of STS and the factors associated with it. Following this, Phase 2 was structured as a qualitative descriptive study, which involved conducting semi-structured interviews with a purposefully selected group of ten ED nurses. Data collection took place at three major hospitals in Saudi Arabia during the period from January to June 2022. RESULTS: A total of 181 participants were included in the study. The mean STSS score reported by the nurses was 51 (SD = 13.23) out of the maximum possible score of 85, indicating severe STS among ED nurses. Factors associated with an increase in the levels of STS among ED nurses included being female, older in age, married, possessing higher education and experience, having a positive relationship with colleagues, receiving organisational support, and dealing with a higher number of trauma cases. Several themes emerged from the qualitative interviews including: ED Characteristics: Dual Impact on STS, Emotional Resonance and Vulnerability, Personal Life Stressors, The Ability to Cope, and Social Support. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Future strategies and interventions targeting STS should be prioritized to effectively manage its impact on ED nurses. It is crucial to develop targeted interventions that address the specific factors contributing to STS, as identified in this study. Additionally, these findings aim to enhance awareness among nursing administrators, managers, and supervisors about the critical factors associated with STS. This awareness is essential for accurately assessing and developing interventions that mitigate STS among nursing staff.

2.
J Clin Nurs ; 32(15-16): 4741-4751, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36068710

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between Saudi nurses' professional values and competence. BACKGROUND: Professionals are bound by ethical standards specific to their profession. Accordingly, the COVID-19 pandemic is the most significant event that has impacted nurses' professional values and competency. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional design adhering to STROBE guidelines. METHODS: Clinical nurses from four tertiary government hospitals (n = 659) participated and completed two self-report instruments. Study variables were analysed using the structural equation modelling approach. RESULTS: The emerging model displayed acceptable model fit indices. Professionalism and activism were two dimensions of nurse professional values that significantly impacted professional competency. Professionalism significantly impacted the four other aspects of nurse professional values: caring, activism, trust, and justice. Caring had a significant and direct impact on activism. Activism had a weak, direct effect on trust, whereas justice had a moderate, direct effect on trust. Through the mediation of the dimension of activism, both the dimensions of professionalism and caring had a strong, indirect impact on professional competency. CONCLUSIONS: This research presents a structural model of the interrelationship between nurse professional values and competency. Nurse administrators can use the proposed model to develop approaches and policies for assessing, improving and evaluating professional values among nurses. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing professionals are committed to upholding their ethical and moral standards while performing their caregiver roles. Nurse administrators can implement activities and strategies to develop nurses' professional competence further, as professional values represent the ideal values expected of nurses providing patient care.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Humanos , Arábia Saudita , Análise de Classes Latentes , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 62(25): 7072-7116, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33840324

RESUMO

Marine organisms are considered a cache of biologically active metabolites with pharmaceutical, functional, and nutraceutical properties. Among these, marine bioactive peptides (MBAs) present in diverse marine species (fish, sponges, cyanobacteria, fungi, ascidians, seaweeds, & mollusks) have acquired attention owing to their broad-spectrum health-promoting benefits. Nowadays, scientists are keener exploring marine bioactive peptides precisely due to their unique structural and biological properties. These MBAs have reported ameliorating potential against different diseases like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, HIV, cancer, oxidation, and inflammation. Furthermore, MBAs isolated from various marine organisms may also have a beneficial role in the cosmetic, nutraceutical, and food industries. Few marine peptides and their derivative are approved for commercial use, while many MBAs are in various pre-clinical and clinical trials. This review mainly focuses on the diversity of marine bioactive peptides in marine organisms and their production procedures, such as chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. Moreover, MBAs' therapeutic and biological potential has also been critically discussed herein, along with their status in drug discovery, pre-clinical and clinical trials.


Assuntos
Organismos Aquáticos , Peptídeos , Animais , Organismos Aquáticos/química , Descoberta de Drogas , Fungos , Humanos , Moluscos , Peptídeos/química
4.
J Adv Nurs ; 78(2): 446-457, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34363635

RESUMO

AIMS: This study examined the predictors of student nurses' intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. We measured the nursing students' risk perceptions, anxiety, fears and beliefs on COVID-19 vaccine; attitudes towards it and vaccine literacy (VL). DESIGN: This study is a multi-university study utilizing the quantitative, cross-sectional and predictive approach. METHODS: Using convenience sampling (n = 1170), we surveyed 10 Saudi universities from November 26, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Forward stepwise multinomial logistic regression was performed in identifying the factors predicting student nurses' intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. RESULTS: The overall mean in the risk perception, anxiety and fear was 9.59 (SD = 2.82, possible range = 1-15), 3.95 (SD = 4.77, possible range = 0-20) and 18.17 (SD = 6.65, possible range = 7-35) respectively. They also reported a mean of 29.90 (SD = 6.56, possible range = 8-40) on COVID-19 belief. COVID-19 positive and negative attitudes mean score was 3.64 (SD = 0.92) and 2.72 (SD = 0.90) in a 1-4 range of scores respectively. The functional and interactive-critical COVID-19 VL of the students were at moderate levels. More than half of the respondents (55.9%) intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19, 17.6% did not intend to do so and 26.5% were unsure. High-risk perceptions, low levels of COVID-19 anxiety, positive beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine, and high levels of interactive-critical COVID-19 VL were significant predictors of student nurses' intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Policymakers could consider the factors identified in this study and why the students did not intend to receive the vaccine in planning a nationwide vaccination program. The colleges of nursing could also utilize the findings in developing educational programs that aim to improve VL and beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Intenção , SARS-CoV-2 , Arábia Saudita , Universidades , Vacinação
5.
Nurs Educ Perspect ; 43(4): E26-E31, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35234215

RESUMO

AIM: This study examines how nursing students in Saudi Arabia view their holistic development during university study and the association between their perceptions and academic performance. BACKGROUND: Holistic nursing education fosters broad development and emphasizes students' cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual potentials. METHOD: This descriptive and correlational study utilizes the Whole Person Development Inventory to collect data from 998 student nurses enrolled in six governmental universities in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: The professional dimension recorded the highest mean, followed by the intellectual, spiritual, physical, and psychological dimensions. The social dimension received the lowest overall mean. Intellectual, psychological, social, and spiritual development has an association with high academic performance. CONCLUSION: This study encourages policymakers and various stakeholders concerned with nursing education in the country and worldwide to be intentional and systematic in adapting the whole-person development approach in nursing education.


Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Enfermagem Holística , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Humanos , Arábia Saudita , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Universidades
6.
J Clin Nurs ; 29(7-8): 1341-1351, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31970808

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate nurses' care coordination competency for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs) of Saudi Arabia (SA). BACKGROUND: ICUs are increasingly using multidisciplinary approach to provide critical care. Functionality gaps remain within these teams preventing optimum performance, including a lack of adequate care coordination in the management of mechanically ventilated (MV) patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of ICU nurses working across 20 hospitals in SA. METHODS: The Nurses' Care Coordination Competency Scale (NCCCS) survey for MV patients was administered to all the nurses to assess their care coordination competence. The data were analysed using Student's t test, ANOVA and linear regression. Reporting of this research follows STROBE guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 254 nurses participated in the survey. The overall NCCCS mean score was 3.94 (±0.69) out of a 5-point scale. Also, the "promoting team cohesion factor (Factor 1)" had a mean score of 3.90 (±0.77), the "understanding care coordination needs factor (Factor II)" had a mean score of 4.00 (±0.77), the "aggregating and disseminating information factor (Factor III)" had a mean score of 4.05 (±0.76), and the "devising and clearly articulating the care vision factor (Factor IV)" had a mean score of 3.78 (±0.87). The mean overall NCCCS score was 4.10 among Indians, 3.98 among Filipinos and 3.81 among Saudi nationals. CONCLUSION: There were a high overall score and subscale scores of nurses' care coordination competence for mechanically ventilated patients, but few gaps were identified in some of the items. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results provide information on the status and gaps in ICU nurses' care coordination competencies to address the needs of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. The NCCCS can be utilised as an educational tool for nurses who are new to the ICU work environment.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica/normas , Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Respiração Artificial/enfermagem , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Masculino , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Arábia Saudita , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
J Clin Nurs ; 28(9-10): 1771-1781, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30667103

RESUMO

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the perceived patient safety competence during clinical training of Saudi nursing students. BACKGROUND: Ensuring safety in healthcare settings requires improvements in the educational and clinical practice of professionals. Experts stressed that shared patient safety culture must be of primary importance; they also emphasised the resolute need for theoretically driven research approaches for patient safety competence in healthcare organisations and educational institutions. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional design. METHODS: This study was conducted in six government universities in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 829 nursing students was surveyed using the health professional education in patient safety survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The study adhered to the STROBE guideline for cross-sectional studies (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). RESULTS: The percentage of agreement on the items of the health professional education in patient safety survey ranged from 61.5%-76.5%. The dimension "understanding human and environmental factors" received the highest perceived competence, whereas the dimension "working in teams" received the lowest competence. Significant differences in students' patient safety competence from different universities were reported. Male students perceived their competence in "working in teams" higher than the female students. Students in their internship year had significantly higher levels of competence in all the six dimensions of the health professional education in patient safety survey than students in the third- and fourth-year levels. CONCLUSIONS: Saudi nursing students have positive perceptions towards their patient safety competencies. Significant differences were found in the patient safety competence of nursing students between universities, gender and year of study. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results provide valuable insights and guidance for improving the patient safety competence of nursing students. The findings can be used to guide the creation of policies and interventions that may ensure the continuous development of patient safety competence of nursing students as they navigate the clinical area.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica/normas , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/normas , Segurança do Paciente/normas , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Percepção , Arábia Saudita , Estudantes de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
8.
Public Health Nurs ; 35(6): 598-605, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29770962

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors influencing the attitudes of Bachelor of Science in Nursing students toward climate change and environmental sustainability and the inclusion of these concepts in the nursing curricula of four Arab countries. METHOD: A convenience sample of 1,059 students from four Arab countries was surveyed using the Environmental Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey-2 (SANS-2) questionnaire in this descriptive-comparative study. RESULTS: The majority of the respondents exhibited positive attitudes toward the five items of SANS-2, with "Environmental sustainability is an important issue for nursing" receiving the lowest mean score and "Issues about climate change should be included in the nursing curriculum" receiving the highest mean score. Saudi students had more positive attitudes toward environmental sustainability in health care compared with students from Iraq, Egypt, and the Palestinian Territories. Country of residence, type of community, and knowledge about environmental issues and their impact on health in any nursing course were significant factors that influenced attitudes toward environmental sustainability. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of climate change and environmental sustainability in nursing curricula in the Arab region was emphasized by the findings. Including environmental sustainability practices in nursing education will help student nurses develop critical thinking and skills in the adaptive delivery of health care, especially when resources are scarce.


Assuntos
Árabes/psicologia , Atitude , Mudança Climática , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Adulto , Currículo , Atenção à Saúde , Egito , Feminino , Humanos , Iraque , Masculino , Arábia Saudita , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0299995, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38713663

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and expanding health problem, together with the issues of health- related quality of life (HRQoL). This further puts pressure on the government to allocate more funds for public healthcare. OBJECTIVES: This study was devised to evaluate the health-related quality of life of people living with diabetes in Hail region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional research was carried out at eight locations in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia between 21st March-20th May 2022 using the adapted version of the Euro QoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. A multistage random sample approach was used to choose the diabetes clinics, and data collectors approached the participants in the waiting areas to collect the information. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests in IBM SPSS statistics 21.0. RESULTS: The mean HRQoL score was 0.71±0.21 with a visual analog score of 68.4±16.2. Despite having much higher levels of quality of life in terms of self-care (85.8%), regular activity (73.8%) and anxiety (71.8%), nearly one half of the people reported moderate pain or discomfort, and more than one third reported having moderate mobility issues. In general, the quality of life for women was poorer than for men. Individuals with diabetes who were unmarried, young, educated, financially secure, and taking only oral medication had much improved HRQoL. The Euro QoL of people with diabetes patients were significantly influenced by gender, marital status, age, education, employment and treatment modality (p-values < 0.05), whereas only treatment modality had a significant impact on the patients' visual analogue measures (p-values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The HRQoL of people with diabetes in Hail region was moderate in general, with pain and mobility issues being particularly prevalent. Gender, marital status, age, education, employment and type of medication therapy are significant predictors of HRQoL of patients with diabetes. Hence, planning and programs to enhance the HRQoL of people with diabetes, especially women is recommended.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Arábia Saudita , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso , Adulto Jovem
10.
Pathol Res Pract ; 255: 155219, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38401375

RESUMO

Globally, atherosclerosis a persistent inflammatory condition of the artery walls continues to be the primary cause of cardiovascular illness and death. The ncRNAs are important regulators of important signalling pathways that affect pyroptosis and the inflammatory environment in atherosclerotic plaques. Comprehending the complex interaction between pyroptosis and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) offers fresh perspectives on putative therapeutic targets for ameliorating cardiovascular problems linked to atherosclerosis. The discovery of particular non-coding RNA signatures linked to the advancement of atherosclerosis could lead to the creation of novel biomarkers for risk assessment and customised treatment approaches. A thorough investigation of the regulatory networks regulated by these non-coding RNAs has been made possible by the combination of cutting-edge molecular methods and bioinformatics tools. Studying pyroptosis-related ncRNAs in detail appears to be a promising way to advance our understanding of disease pathophysiology and develop focused therapeutic methods as we work to unravel the complex molecular tapestry of atherosclerosis. This review explores the emerging significance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of pyroptosis and their consequential impact on atherosclerosis pathology.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose , MicroRNAs , Placa Aterosclerótica , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Piroptose/genética , RNA não Traduzido/genética , RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética
11.
Libyan J Med ; 19(1): 2301142, 2024 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38194427

RESUMO

Fatigue has been reported to be the most common symptom experienced by patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) therapy. Fatigue can lead to a reduction in their ability to engage in both routine and self-care activities, which can negatively affect their self-confidence and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the level of fatigue and the factors that affecting its level among patients receiving uHD. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was utilized to explore the level of fatigue among patients receiving maintenance HD using the Mul-tidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) scale. Data were collected from four dialysis centers in two Saudi Arabia cities, Hail and Al-Qassim, between January 2022 and October 2022. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 236 patients. Older patients, male patients, and retired pa-tients reported significantly higher levels of fatigue (p < 0.001). In contrast, marital status, educational level, and financial status did not significantly affect the level of fatigue among patients (p = 0.193, 0.285, and 0.126, respectively). Patients who had seven or more dependents reported more fatigue than those who had lower levels of fatigue or who did not have dependents (p = 0.004). In addition, patients who had a regular exercise regimen reported significantly lower fatigue than those who did not have an exercise regimen (p = 0.011). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that employment status (student), comorbidity condition (one chronic disease), dialysis duration, satisfaction with dialysis time, and dialysis time were found to affect the fatigue scores (R2 = 0.302, p ˂ 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study gives a broader understanding of factors influencing fatigue among patients with HD that will help to develop strategies of more focused interventions to reduce fatigue among patients with HD.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Diálise Renal , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Fadiga/epidemiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos
12.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(3)2023 Jan 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36766941

RESUMO

(1) Background: Long-term caregiving for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD), is associated with physical and psychological stress, which may impact on the well-being and quality of life of caregivers. Due to a lack of understanding of the experiences of informal caregivers of patients receiving HD, especially in Saudi Arabia, this study aimed to measure burden in informal caregivers of patients receiving HD, examine the factors that predict caregiver burden (CB), and explore the experience of burden in caregivers of patients receiving HD. (2) Methods: This study used a mixed-methods, sequential, explanatory design, which consisted of two phases. Phase 1 involved a cross-sectional study design, with a convenience sample of 61 caregivers of patients on maintenance HD for at least 3 months. All caregivers in the study completed the Arabic version of the Zarit Burden Interview to identify caregiver burden. Phase 2 of the study involved a qualitative descriptive design involving semi-structured interviews with nine caregivers. (3) Results: Study findings indicate that caregivers did not experience severe burden. Being older, a female caregiver and having comorbidities was positively associated with increased levels of caregiver burden. In the qualitative phase of the study, a number of important factors emerged that may contribute to a reduction in caregiver burden, including social support, cultural acceptance, and religious influences. (4) Conclusion and impact: CB was found to be low when a comparison was made with other studies using similar populations. Understanding the factors that influence caregiver burden will contribute to the accurate assessment of caregiver burden and help reduce burden in informal caregivers, patients with renal failure, and others with chronic illnesses worldwide.

13.
J Clin Med ; 12(12)2023 Jun 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37373604

RESUMO

This research aims to determine acute bronchiolitis' causative virus(es) and establish a viable protocol to classify the Human Rhinovirus (HRV) species. During 2021-2022, we included children 1-24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis at risk for asthma. The nasopharyngeal samples were taken and subjected to a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a viral panel. For HRV-positive samples, a high-throughput assay was applied, directing the VP4/VP2 and VP3/VP1 regions to confirm species. BLAST searching, phylogenetic analysis, and sequence divergence took place to identify the degree to which these regions were appropriate for identifying and differentiating HRV. HRV ranked second, following RSV, as the etiology of acute bronchiolitis in children. The conclusion of the investigation of all available data in this study distributed sequences into 7 HRV-A, 1 HRV-B, and 7 HRV-C types based on the VP4/VP2 and VP3/VP1 sequences. The nucleotide divergence between the clinical samples and the corresponding reference strains was lower in the VP4/VP2 region than in the VP3/VP1 region. The results demonstrated the potential utility of the VP4/VP2 region and the VP3/VP1 region for differentiating HRV genotypes. Confirmatory outcomes were yielded, indicating how nested and semi-nested PCR can establish practical ways to facilitate HRV sequencing and genotyping.

14.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(6)2023 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36981528

RESUMO

Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in children and is associated with extreme postoperative discomfort due to peritoneal inflammation and infection. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of postoperative pain (POP) in children after laparoscopic appendectomy. Articles describing or evaluating the control of POP in children with LA were considered eligible. All available literature such as randomized controls, prospective controls, retrospective as well as clinical studies were considered. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical trials.gov, and Google scholar. The initial search took place on 23 April 2021, and was updated on 24 August 2021. There were no language or date restrictions. Each of the included articles was evaluated separately by two independent reviewers. Additional papers were found by searching the reference lists of eligible studies. Eighteen papers were considered. All papers, and many of them used different methods to treat POP in children undergoing LA, such as lidocaine infusion, different analgesic approaches, ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis blockade (UGTAP), ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum blockade (UGQLB), and comparison of open appendectomy (OA) with local anesthetics in relation to POP management in children. Laparoscopic appendectomy is the surgical procedure preferred by clinicians compared with open appendectomy in children. A multimodal analgesic approach is optimal and efficient surgical techniques such as UGBRSB, UGQLB, and UGTAP block might significantly impact POP in children except that there are contraindications. Dexmedetomidine proved to be an effective adjuvant that can enhance the effect of local anesthetics. The lack of a sufficient number of studies may be a factor affecting our confidence in the results of this study. Therefore, further evidence-based randomized control trials with a large sample size are needed to provide clarity.

15.
J Clin Med ; 12(6)2023 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36983122

RESUMO

The immediate aim of this study was to comparatively examine the bacterial respiratory microbiome of patients in a stable state and during an exacerbation of asthma-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) overlap (ACO). This prospective observational study took place in Jordan between 1 September 2021 and 30 April 2022. Sputum samples from patients with recognized ACO were acquired within 48 h of the exacerbation onset and again at 3 weeks following the exacerbation. The next-generation sequencing Illumina MiSeq was employed and uncovered significantly high bacterial diversity in the sputa. The results showed a significant decrease in the taxonomic richness in the sputum samples collected during the exacerbation episodes compared with those collected from patients in a stable state (p = 0.008), with an increase in the taxonomic evenness (p < 0.005). This change in the composition of the airway bacterial community suggests that the replacement of a significant portion of the airway microbiome with certain microorganisms may play a role in the decrease in microbial diversity observed during an ACO exacerbation. Greater knowledge of this link could allow for a more focused administration of antibiotics, especially during exacerbations, improving clinical efficacy and patient outcomes.

16.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(5)2023 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36900650

RESUMO

Background: One of the defining characteristics of safe and highly reliable patient care is effective team communication. It is becoming increasingly crucial to improve communication among healthcare team members since social and medical conditions change quickly. Main aim: The present study seeks to assess nurses' perception of the quality of communications between physicians and nurses and associated factors in the emergency departments of selected government hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in five hospitals in Jazan and three hospitals in Hail City, Saudi Arabia, on a convenience sample of 250 nurses total using self-administered questionnaires. Independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used for the data analysis. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout the conduct of the study. Results: The mean score of all domains of nurses' perceptions of the quality of nurse-physician communication in emergency departments was 60.14 out of 90. The highest mean score was observed in the openness subdomain, followed closely by relevance and satisfaction, with mean percentages of 71.65% and 71.60%, respectively. Age, level of education, years of experience, and job position had significant positive correlations with nurses' perceptions of the quality of nurse-physician communication. (p = 0.002, 0.016, 0.022, and 0.020, respectively). Post hoc tests showed that nurses older than 30, those with diplomas, those with more than 10 years' experience, and those in supervisory positions had more positive perceptions of the quality of nurse-physician communication. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of quality of nurse-physician communication with regard to participants' sex, marital status, nationality, and working hours (p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that none of the independent factors affected the nurses' perceptions of the quality of nurse-physician communication in emergency departments (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, the quality of communication between nurses and physicians was not satisfactory. Future research should be meticulously planned, using validated outcome measures, that will capture and reflect the goals of communication among healthcare teams.

17.
Nanomaterials (Basel) ; 13(3)2023 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36770436

RESUMO

Infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens have increased the complications of clinicians worldwide. The quest for effective antibacterial agents against resistant pathogens has prompted researchers to develop new classes of antibiotics. Unfortunately, pathogens have acted more smartly by developing resistance to even the newest class of antibiotics with time. The culture sensitivity analysis of the clinical samples revealed that pathogens are gaining resistance toward the new generations of cephalosporins at a very fast rate globally. The current study developed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that could efficiently deliver the 2nd (cefotetan-CT) and 3rd (cefixime-CX) generation cephalosporins to resistant clinical pathogens. In fact, both CT and CX were used to reduce and stabilize AuNPs by applying a one-pot synthesis approach, and their characterization was performed via spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Moreover, the synthesized AuNPs were tested against uro-pathogenic resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CT-AuNPs characteristic SPR peak was observed at 542 nm, and CX-AuNPs showed the same at 522 nm. The stability measurement showed ζ potential as -24.9 mV and -25.2 mV for CT-AuNPs and CX-AuNPs, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of both the AuNPs, whereas, the size by transmission electron microscopy for CT-AuNPs and CX-AuNPs were estimated to be 45 ± 19 nm and 35 ± 17 nm, respectively. Importantly, once loaded onto AuNPs, both the cephalosporin antibiotics become extremely potent against the resistant strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae with MIC50 in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 µg/mL. The findings propose that old-generation unresponsive antibiotics could be revived into potent nano-antibiotics via AuNPs. Thus, investing efforts, intellect, time and funds for a nano-antibiotic strategy might be a better approach to overcome resistance than investing the same in the development of newer antibiotic molecule(s).

18.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(18)2023 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37761733

RESUMO

(1) Background: Sleep quality is one of the most important clinical outcomes of hemodialysis (HD) patients, as it can affect their physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and its affecting factors among patients with HD. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the quality of sleep among HD patients in two cities in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected during the period from January to December 2022. A convenience sample of 250 HD patients was selected in this study. Data were collected using the Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). (3) Results: About two-thirds of participants (63.6%) had normal sleep, while one-third had poor sleep (36.4%). There was a significant relationship between the participants' age and the quality of sleep, where participants who were aged more than 50 had poorer sleep than those who were younger (p < 0.001). Male and married participants significantly had poor sleep more than female and single participants (p = 0.011 and 0.015, respectively). In addition, participants who were retired, had a higher number of dependents, did not adhere to exercise, and had more comorbidities had significantly poorer sleep than other groups (p = 0.002, 0.016, 0.023, and <0.001, respectively). The level of education, financial status, distance from home to dialysis center, and participants' satisfaction at the time of dialysis had no influence on the quality of sleep among HD patients. The multiple linear regression shows that exercise (p = 0.017), the number of comorbidities (p = 0.008), and the duration of dialysis (p < 0.020) were the independent factors affecting the quality of sleep among HD patients. (4) Conclusions: About one-third of HD patients in this study had poor sleep. There were significant differences between patients' age, gender, marital status, and sleep-quality levels. Moreover, participants who retired, had a higher number of dependents, did not adhere to exercise, and had more comorbidities had significantly poorer sleep than other groups. Future studies should develop appropriate interventions to address the problem of poor sleep quality among HD patients.

19.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1272500, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38148785

RESUMO

Background: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are more likely to experience sleep problems and fatigue that may affect their health outcomes. Management of these patients with social support may improve their sleep quality and fatigue as well as their health. Aim: This study aimed to assess the influence of social support on sleep quality and fatigue levels among HD patients. Methods: A cross-correlational study was conducted among 260 conveniently sampled HD patients from four dialysis centers in Hail and Al-Qassim cities of Saudi Arabia from Jun 2022 to January 2023. Besides sociodemographic data, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) and the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) were used to assess sleep quality, fatigue levels and social support, respectively. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between categorical variables, while Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between sleep quality, fatigue, and social support. Results: Poor sleep and high fatigue were significantly higher in older patients compared to younger patients (p <0.001), while strong social support was significantly lower in older patients than younger and middle-aged ones (p = 0.001). On the other hand, poor sleep and high fatigue were significantly higher in males than females (p = 0.022 and p <0.001, respectively), while strong social support was significantly higher in females than males (p <0.001). Married patients showed significantly poorer sleep than single ones (p = 0.019), but single patients received significantly stronger social support. Retired patients showed significantly poorer sleep, higher fatigue and weaker social support than other groups (p <0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between fatigue and sleep quality among HD patients, where patients with more fatigue had poorer sleep (r = -0.510, p <0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between social support and sleep quality, where patients with stronger social support had more normal sleep (r = 0.415, p <0.001). However, a significant negative correlation was found between social support and fatigue, where patients with stronger social support had lower levels of fatigue (r = -0.479, p <0.001). Conclusion: Saudi patients on HD who have stronger social support have better sleep quality and reduced fatigue levels than those with less social support. There is a need to design and implement intervention studies with structured social support programs, and to evaluate their effectiveness on improving sleep and reducing fatigue among HD patients.

20.
PeerJ ; 10: e13140, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35345591

RESUMO

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of cervical cancer. The prevalence of HPV, insufficient preventive services, inadequate treatment access, socioeconomic conditions, certain cultural causes and values and opinions regarding cervical cancer have been established as factors contributing to the occurrence of cervical cancer in various parts of the world. Objective: To determine university students' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding HPV and its vaccine. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included students enrolled at the University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from January to May 2020 using a previously validated 26-item questionnaire. Results: A total of 386 participants responded to the survey; the response rate was 80%. The majority of the respondents (63%) were male and 332 (86%) respondents were single among the overall study population. Most respondents were aged 21-25 years (75.6%), followed by 26-30 years (12.7%). In total, 130 (33.7%) respondents reported that they had heard of HPV before, while 174 (45.1%) reported that HPV infections are rare in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, 102 (26.4%) respondents thought that HPV causes genital warts, while almost 29.5% believed that HPV infection is a sexually transmitted disease. Nearly 76.2% of the respondents did not believe that HPV infection can occur without symptoms. Moreover, 53.4% of the respondents stated that they did not know the health problems associated with HPV infection, while 148 (38.8%) stated that cervical cancer is a health problem associated with HPV infection. When asked about their understanding of the HPV vaccine, nearly 267 (62.2%) respondents believed that there is no vaccine for HPV, while 239 (61.9%) believed that the vaccine does not minimise the risk of cervical cancer. In addition, the respondents reported that they would be far more likely to get an HPV vaccine if recommended by their doctors [relative importance index (RII) = 0.745], followed by their friends (RII = 0.675). Conclusion: The present findings provide a clear understanding of university students' knowledge, perceptions and attitudes regarding HPV; this information can be used to raise awareness by developing an effective educational strategy. However, further research with a larger sample size is recommended; such efforts would also aid in the development of educational services for various age ranges.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Papillomavirus Humano , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Universidades , Estudantes , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico
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