Design, synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation of fluorinated benzyl amino enaminones.

Inspite of progress made for the discovery of novel antiepileptic drugs, epilepsy remains an unmet medical need. We synthesized nine trifluoromethylated enaminone derivatives and tested them for their anticonvulsant activity using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) test, and rotorod test for neurotoxicity. Among the compounds tested 3-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluomethyl)benzylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohex-2-enone (4f) showed ED50 of 23.47 mg/kg, when given orally to rats, 3-(4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohex-2-enone (5a), which was previously reported by us but for which no quantitative data was available at the time, exhibited an ED50 of 62.39 mg/kg. Under the same conditions commercially available carbamazepine showed an ED50 of 28.20 mg/kg. There were no neurotoxicity observed upto a dose of 300 mg/kg for all the tested compounds. Compounds 4f and 5a represent good lead compounds for further development.

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Brominated-Ormeloxifene (Br-ORM) against Cervical Cancer.

Aberrant regulation of ß-catenin signaling is strongly linked with cancer proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis, thus, small molecules that can inhibit this pathway might have great clinical significance. Our molecular modeling studies suggest that ormeloxifene (ORM), a triphenylethylene molecule that docks with ß-catenin, and its brominated analogue (Br-ORM) bind more effectively with relatively less energy (-7.6 kcal/mol) to the active site of ß-catenin as compared to parent ORM. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a Br-ORM by NMR and FTIR, as well as its anticancer activity in cervical cancer models. Br-ORM treatment effectively inhibited tumorigenic features (cell proliferation and colony-forming ability, etc.) and induced apoptotic death, as evident by pronounced PARP cleavage. Furthermore, Br-ORM treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G1-S phase. Mechanistic investigation revealed that Br-ORM targets the key proteins involved in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as demonstrated by upregulation of E-cadherin and repression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. Br-ORM also represses the expression and nuclear subcellular localization of ß-catenin. Consequently, Br-ORM treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic cervical cancer xenograft mouse model along with EMT associated changes as compared to vehicle control-treated mice. Altogether, experimental findings suggest that Br-ORM is a novel, promising ß-catenin inhibitor and therefore can be harnessed as a potent anticancer small molecule for cervical cancer treatment.