RESUMO
A toxin and related compounds were isolated from a poisonous mushroom Tricholoma ustale. Their structures were determined by analyses of the spectral data and synthesis.
Assuntos
Agaricales/química , Micotoxinas/química , Micotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Cromatografia em Gel , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Camundongos , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of spices, 21 different spices were fed to rats with liver damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus d-galactosamine (D-GalN). As assessed by plasma aminotranferase activities, nutmeg showed the most potent hepatoprotective activity. Bioassay-guided isolation of the active compound from nutmeg was carried out in mice by a single oral administration of the respective fractions. Myristicin, one of the major essential oils of nutmeg, was found to possess extraordinarily potent hepatoprotective activity. Myristicin markedly suppressed LPS/D-GalN-induced enhancement of serum TNF-alpha concentrations and hepatic DNA fragmentation in mice. These findings suggest that the hepatoprotective activity of myristicin might be, at least in part, due to the inhibition of TNF-alpha release from macrophages. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the hepatoprotective mechanism(s) of myristicin.
Assuntos
Compostos de Benzil/uso terapêutico , Dioxolanos/uso terapêutico , Galactosamina , Lipopolissacarídeos , Hepatopatias/prevenção & controle , Myristica/química , Pirogalol/análogos & derivados , Pirogalol/uso terapêutico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Derivados de Alilbenzenos , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Compostos de Benzil/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Benzil/isolamento & purificação , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta , Dioxolanos/administração & dosagem , Dioxolanos/isolamento & purificação , Fígado/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Pirogalol/administração & dosagem , Pirogalol/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análiseRESUMO
An ingestion of tomato powder rich in lycopene was examined for its effect on mice with Parkinson's disease-like syndrome induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). To assess the preventive effect of tomato against the MPTP-induced selective destruction of dopaminergic nigrostrie, we determined striatal dopamine (DA). A 4-wk ingestion of the experimental diet containing 20% (w/w) lyophilized tomato powders before MPTP treatment prevented a decrease in the DA level. This suggests that the tomato ingestion might serve as a preventive against neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease caused by MPTP and other environmental toxins.
Assuntos
Monoaminas Biogênicas/análise , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/prevenção & controle , Solanum lycopersicum/química , 1-Metil-4-Fenil-1,2,3,6-Tetra-Hidropiridina , Animais , Peso Corporal , Carotenoides/administração & dosagem , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/análise , Dopaminérgicos , Licopeno , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/induzido quimicamente , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Five fatty acid derivatives including three novel compounds were isolated from the mushroom Clitocybe clavipe. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses. These compounds inhibited aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro.