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1.
J Assoc Physicians India ; 68(11): 28-33, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33187033

RESUMO

AIM OF THE STUDY: Left Ventricular (LV) function and myocardial viability is the key predictor of prognosis after myocardial infarction. Management of ischemic cardiomyopathy (revascularization and or drugs alone) is the objective of this study. METHODOLOGY: 72 patients were assigned to revascularization and medical management group based on the inclusion criteria Follow up was done upto 12 months with advanced imaging techniques (FDG PET and SPECT MPI analyses). RESULTS: Subjects with significant viable myocardium, revascularization resulted in significant improvement in heart failure symptoms. The mean NYHA functional class improved from 2.9 ± 0.3 to 2.3 ± 0.5(mean ± SD) after 6 months of revascularization (p < 0.01). This improvement in functional class was maintained after 12 months of revascularization (2.0 ± 0.4 (mean ± SD). Subjects on medical management with a baseline NYHA functional class 2.7 ± 0.5, at 6 months of follow, there was no significant change in functional class (2.8 ± 0.3) (p<0.24). However at 12 months follow up functional class had dropped to 3.0 + 0.3, which was significant as compared to baseline (p <0.03). CONCLUSION: coronary revascularization has a protective effect on patients with ischemic coronary who have viable myocardium and reversible myocardial ischemia as assessed by 18F-FDG PET and SPECT MPI Imaging.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Revascularização Miocárdica , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem
2.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob ; 16(1): 47, 2017 Jul 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28676088

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by intracellular haemoflagellate protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Leishmaniasis has diverse clinical manifestations; cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis which is responsible for 60% of disability-adjusted life years. CL is endemic in Yemen. In Shara'b there is no reference study available to identify the prevalence of endemic diseases and no investigation has been conducted for diagnosing the diseases. METHODS: This study was conducted in villages for CL which collected randomly. The study aimed at investigating the epidemiological factors of CL in Shara'b by using questioner. Symptoms of lesions in patients suffering from CL, confirmed by laboratory tests, gave a new evidence of biochemical diagnosis in 525 villagers aged between 1 and 60 years old. Venous bloods were collected from 99 patients as well as from 51 control after an overnight fast. RESULTS: The percentage prevalence of CL was found 18.8%. The prevalence rate of infection among males (19.3%) was higher than females (18.40%). Younger age group (1-15) had a higher prevalence rate (20.3%) than the other age groups. Furthermore, the population with no formal education had the higher rate of infection (61% of the total). A significant increase of serum malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) in CL patients was obtained. The highest level of MDA may be due to over production of ROS and RNS results in oxidative stress and the acceleration of lipid peroxidation in CL patients. CONCLUSIONS: There were high prevalence rates of CL in Shara'b. The patient who had CL has been found with many changes in some biochemical levels. This study provides a clear indication on the role of MDA as an early biochemical marker of peroxidation damage occurring during CL. Increased uric acid, and catalase activity was provided of free radical.


Assuntos
Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Leishmania/classificação , Leishmania/genética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/sangue , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Prevalência , Iêmen/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Anal Chem ; 88(23): 11783-11790, 2016 12 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27779871

RESUMO

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is a common, relatively low cost, and straightforward analytical technique for the study of trace quantities of metals in solid materials, but its applicability to nanocarbons (e.g., graphene and nanotubes) has suffered from the lack of efficient digestion steps and certified reference materials (CRM). Here, various commercial and certified graphitic carbon materials were subjected to a "two-step" microwave-assisted acid digestion procedure, and the concentrations of up to 18 elements were analyzed by ICP-OES. With one exception (Sm), successful quantification of all certified elements in the two reference nanocarbons studied was achieved, hence validating the sample preparation approach used. The applicability of our "two-step" protocol was further confirmed for a commercial single-walled carbon nanotube sample. However, the digestion was markedly incomplete for all other commercial materials tested. Where possible, the digestion residues of the carbon materials analyzed (CRM included) were characterized to understand the structural changes that take place and how this may explain the challenge of disintegrating graphitic carbon. In this respect, it was found that solid state nuclear magnetic resonance holds considerable promise as a nonlocalized, easily interpretable, and reliable tool to access the efficient disintegration of these materials.

4.
Abdom Radiol (NY) ; 49(7): 2459-2477, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38805098

RESUMO

There are a wide variety of gynecologic devices encountered on pelvic imaging which may not be the focus or primary reason for imaging. Such devices include pessaries, menstrual products, radiation therapy devices, tubal occlusion devices, and contraceptive devices, including intrauterine devices and intravaginal rings. This manuscript offers a comprehensive review of multimodality imaging appearances of gynecologic devices encountered on pelvic imaging and discusses device indications, positioning, and complications.


Assuntos
Pelve , Humanos , Feminino , Pelve/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispositivos Anticoncepcionais Femininos , Produtos de Higiene Menstrual , Pessários
5.
Br J Biomed Sci ; 70(4): 156-60, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24400427

RESUMO

This study aims to determine drug sensitivity, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production and elaboration of bla(OXA)-type carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. in a temperate climate area in north India with a heavy influx of tourists. Antimicrobial sensitivity of 165 isolates was performed. Imipenem-resistant isolates were subjected to combined disk (CDT) and double-disk diffusion tests (DDT) for MBL detection. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBL production were tested by Etest. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of genes encoding bla(OXA)-23 like, bla(OXA-24) like, bla(OXA-51) like and bla(OXA-58) like genes. Ninety-nine (60%) isolates were imipenem-resistant (MICs 2-96 microg/mL). Fifty (50.5%) of the 99 carbapenem-resistant isolates were MBL producers by CDT and 26 (26.3%) by DDT. The majority (77%) of the isolates elaborated bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-51) like genes. Forty seven of the 50 MBL-positive isolates harboured bla(OXA-23) like and bla(OXA-51) like genes. MBL-producing Acinetobacter has emerged as a major pathogen in Kashmir with elaboration of bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-51) related carbapenemases. This poses a significant challenge for healthcare professionals and policy planners, and needs to be addressed immediately. Primary care physicians treating visitors to Kashmir need to be aware of the situation.


Assuntos
Acinetobacter/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Acinetobacter/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Primers do DNA , Difusão , Humanos , Índia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Adulto Jovem , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo
6.
Br J Surg ; 99(3): 411-5, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22180094

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Intussusception is the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in infants. This study examined the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of intussusception in this age group. METHODS: Prospective surveillance of intussusception in infants was carried out between March 2008 and March 2009 in the UK and Ireland. Monthly cards were sent to paediatric clinicians who were requested to notify cases of intussusception. RESULTS: The study identified 261 confirmed cases. The commonest presenting symptom/sign was non-bilious vomiting, in 210 (80·5 per cent) of the infants. Abdominal ultrasonography was done in 247 infants (94·6 per cent) and was diagnostic in 242 (98·0 per cent), compared with plain abdominal X-ray, which was diagnostic in 33 (23·6 per cent) of 140 infants. Enema reduction was carried out in 240 (92·0 per cent) of the 261 infants; the majority (237, 98·8 per cent) had pneumatic reduction with a success rate of 61·2 per cent (145 of 237). Surgery was required in 111 infants (42·5 per cent); 92 operations were as a result of unsuccessful enema reduction, and the remaining 19 infants (17·1 per cent) had primary surgery. Forty-four infants (39·6 per cent of operations) needed a bowel resection. The majority of children (238, 91·2 per cent) recovered uneventfully; 21 (8·0 per cent) had sequelae, one child died (0·4 per cent), and the outcome was unknown for one infant. CONCLUSION: This study described current treatment patterns for intussusception in infancy; these represent a benchmark for improved standards of care for this condition.


Assuntos
Intussuscepção/cirurgia , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Enema/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Intussuscepção/diagnóstico , Intussuscepção/epidemiologia , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Letargia/etiologia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Resultado do Tratamento , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Vômito/etiologia
7.
J Helminthol ; 86(1): 70-6, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21375793

RESUMO

Water quality greatly influences the population density of aquatic biota, including parasites. In order to evaluate the relationship between fish parasites and water quality in Kashmir Himalayas, we assessed helminth parasite densities in Schizothorax niger Heckel, 1838 (an endemic cyprinid fish of Kashmir) from three lakes, namely Anchar, Manasbal and Dal, which reflected the varied stages of eutrophication. The overall prevalence of helminth infections was higher in the hypertrophic Anchar Lake (prevalence = 18.6%) compared to Manasbal Lake, which was the least eutrophied (prevalence = 6.4%). Furthermore, mean prevalence of monoxenous and heteroxenous parasites was higher in lakes containing higher levels of water degradation (Anchar and Dal). The mean number of helminth species per fish host was the highest in the hypertrophic lake (1.3 ± 0.3) in comparison to the least eutrophic lake (0.2 ± 1.5). Variability of calculated infection indices (prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance) revealed that helminth parasite composition in the fish was affected by the lakes' environmental stress (degraded water quality). Therefore, data on the density of helminth parasites in fish can provide supplementary information on the pollution status of a water body.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Lagos/parasitologia , Animais , Cyprinidae/parasitologia , Eutrofização , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Helmintos/classificação , Índia/epidemiologia , Lagos/química
8.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e252676, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35384980

RESUMO

Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is the foremost reason of progressive hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Medicinal plants have been used for human health benefits for several years, but their therapeutic potential needs to be explored. The main objective of this study was to figure out the in vitro antiviral and anticancer characteristics of total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and HCC. Total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica was isolated and quantified. The level of cytotoxicity was measured against the HepG2 cell line and it shows no significant cytotoxicity at the concentration of 504µg/ml. The anti-HCV effect was determined by absolute quantification via real time RT-PCR method and viral titer was reduced up to 66% in a dose dependent manner against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica. The anticancer potential of Iberis gibraltarica was also examined through mRNA expression studies of AFP and GPC3 genes against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica-treated HepG2 cells. The results show up to 90% of the down-regulation expression of AFP and GPC3. The obtained results indicate the therapeutic potential of total protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatite C , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Biomarcadores , Brassicaceae , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Glipicanas/genética , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais , alfa-Fetoproteínas/genética
9.
J Med Imaging Radiat Sci ; 52(3): 435-442, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33896746

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mammography involves the use of low energy X-rays to image the breast tissue. Although low dose radiation is used, the use of ionising radiation implies the risk of inducing breast cancer. Thus, the study established local DRLs for digital mammography for in-house dose optimisation. METHODS: This was a retrospective study that had a total of 240 women that presented for mammography at the two tertiary institutions located in the Northwest region of Nigeria. Patient demographic information including compressed breast thickness (CBT), which is the breast tissue thickness across the imaging plate, and mean glandular dose (MGD) were recorded. Data were analysed based on descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS statistical software. The DRLs based on MGD and CBT were established and compared with the relevant data in the literature. RESULTS: Local DRLs based on MGD and CBT were established at the 75th percentile (craniocaudal (CC): 1.50 mGy; 57 mm; mediolateral (MLO): 1.60 mGy; 63 mm) and 95th percentile (CC: 3.74 mGy; 69 mm; MLO: 3.61 mGy; 76 mm). The MGD based on manual exposure was significantly (p < 0.005) higher compared to the automatic optimisation parameter (AOP) mode which suggests the need to continuously adhere to the use of AOP mode for in-house dose optimisation. CONCLUSION: The study established local DRLs for the digital mammography systems at the 75th and 95th percentiles which compared well with the values established in the literature. Manual selection of parameters should only be employed where there are legitimate indications as it is associated with high exposure. Also, manual selection of parameters should be based on preset tables as a function of compressed breast thickness.


Assuntos
Níveis de Referência de Diagnóstico , Mamografia , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Nigéria , Doses de Radiação , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
J Exp Med ; 152(2 Pt 2): 331s-340s, 1980 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6157768

RESUMO

It has been shown that HLA-B27 lymphocytes from healthy individuals (B27+ ankylosing spondylitis [AS]-), which are not lysed by an antiserum against Klebsiella K43, can be rendered susceptible to lysis after incubation in the culture filtrate of Klebsiella K43. This finding is compatible with a specific modification by a Klebsiella K43-derived soluble factor of a B27-associated lymphoid cell component. Preliminary characterization of the factor has indicated that it is nondialyzable, but it is heat labile at 56 degrees C for 30 min and has a 35,000-50,000 mol wt. The modifying factor activity of the filtrate is destroyed by neuraminidase but not by trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin. Furthermore, the ability of the factor to convert B27+AS- lymphocytes can be specifically absorbed by B27+AS- lymphocytes, but not by B27+AS+, B27-AS+, or by B27-AS- lymphocytes, which suggests that B27+AS- cells carry a hypothetical receptor which can specifically bind a Klebsiella K43 antigenic determinant. These results imply that the modification by environmental agents of specific major histocompatibility complex-associated gene products may be an important element in the pathogenesis of the HLA-B27-linked seronegative arthropathies.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/genética , Klebsiella/imunologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Epitopos , Marcadores Genéticos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Humanos
11.
Euro Surveill ; 15(17)2010 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20460082

RESUMO

To ascertain measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunisation coverage among school leavers in an inner city London borough following a local MMR catch-up initiative, a questionnaire was sent to parents and guardians of adolescents who attended the 12 secondary schools in Haringey and were due for the school leavers' vaccination. The questionnaire enquired about previous history of MMR vaccination and a history of adverse events or contraindications to the vaccine. The electronic immunisation records of 400 children (30-35 students from each school) included in the catch up initiative were randomly selected. The childrens' school health records were manually compared with the electronic records. The mean age of the children was 14.7 years, and 224 (56%) were male. Of the 373 records examined prior to the local MMR catch-up initiative, 98 children (26%) had never received MMR, 173 (46.5%) had only had one dose, 100 (27%) had two doses, and two children had three doses of the vaccine. During the school leavers' MMR immunisation, 171 (43%) received a dose of MMR and the number of children immunised with two doses increased to 206 (55.3% versus 27% P<0.001), doubling the coverage. Offering MMR vaccination as part of the school leavers immunisation is logistically convenient and it may limit the extent of outbreaks.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Vacinação em Massa/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco
12.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e252676, 2024. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1364501

RESUMO

Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is the foremost reason of progressive hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Medicinal plants have been used for human health benefits for several years, but their therapeutic potential needs to be explored. The main objective of this study was to figure out the in vitro antiviral and anticancer characteristics of total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and HCC. Total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica was isolated and quantified. The level of cytotoxicity was measured against the HepG2 cell line and it shows no significant cytotoxicity at the concentration of 504µg/ml. The anti-HCV effect was determined by absolute quantification via real time RT-PCR method and viral titer was reduced up to 66% in a dose dependent manner against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica. The anticancer potential of Iberis gibraltarica was also examined through mRNA expression studies of AFP and GPC3 genes against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica-treated HepG2 cells. The results show up to 90% of the down-regulation expression of AFP and GPC3. The obtained results indicate the therapeutic potential of total protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro.


A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) é a principal causa de fibrose hepática progressiva e cirrose, com risco elevado de desenvolvimento de carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC). As plantas medicinais vêm sendo utilizadas para benefícios à saúde humana há vários anos, mas seu potencial terapêutico precisa ser explorado. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi descobrir as características antivirais e anticancerígenas in vitro da proteína bruta total de Iberis gibraltarica contra HCV e HCC. A proteína bruta total de Iberis gibraltarica foi isolada e quantificada. O nível de citotoxicidade foi medido contra a linha celular HepG2 e não apresenta citotoxicidade significativa na concentração de 504µg/ml. O efeito anti-HCV foi determinado por quantificação absoluta através do método RT-PCR em tempo real e o título viral foi reduzido em até 66% de forma dose-dependente contra a proteína total de Iberis gibraltarica. O potencial anticancerígeno de Iberis gibraltarica também foi examinado através de estudos de expressão de mRNA dos genes AFP e GPC3 contra a proteína total de células HepG2 tratadas com Iberis gibraltarica. Os resultados mostram até 90% da expressão de regulação negativa de AFP e GPC3. Os resultados obtidos indicam o potencial terapêutico da proteína total de Iberis gibraltarica contra HCV e carcinoma hepatocelular in vitro.


Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais , Terapêutica , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico
13.
Expert Rev Neurother ; 18(1): 51-63, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29120264

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Chorea is defined as jerk-like movements that move randomly from one body part to another. It is due to a variety of disorders and although current symptomatic therapy is quite effective there are few etiology- or pathogenesis-targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to summarize our own experience and published evidence in the treatment of chorea. Areas covered: After evaluating current guidelines and clinical practices for chorea of all etiologies, PubMed was searched for the most recent clinical trials and reviews using the term 'chorea' cross referenced with specific drug names. Expert commentary: Inhibitors of presynaptic vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) that cause striatal dopamine depletion, such as tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine, are considered the treatment of choice in patients with chorea. Some clinicians also use dopamine receptor blockers (e.g. antipsychotics) and other drugs, including anti-epileptics and anti-glutamatargics. 'Dopamine stabilizers' such as pridopidine and other experimental drugs are currently being investigated in the treatment of chorea. Deep brain stimulation is usually reserved for patients with disabling chorea despite optimal medical therapy.


Assuntos
Coreia/tratamento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Coreia/dietoterapia , Coreia/etiologia , Coreia/cirurgia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Antagonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Tetrabenazina/análogos & derivados , Tetrabenazina/uso terapêutico , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Valina/análogos & derivados , Valina/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Vesiculares de Transporte de Monoamina/antagonistas & inibidores
14.
J Natl Cancer Inst ; 60(6): 1243-50, 1978 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-274587

RESUMO

Thirteen cases of leukemia, 12 of them acute, occurred in 3 generations of a family comprising 293 members. Individual cases could not be linked to the possession of any of a range of genetic markers. Cytogenetic studies showed no constitutional chromosome abnormalities. Preliminary results of virologic studies suggested the presence of oncornaviruses in at least 1 leukemic individual in this family. This aggregation of leukemia cases likely resulted from a genetic, probably polygenic, predisposition, in association with the activity of leukemogenic factors whose nature remains to be clearly defined.


Assuntos
Leucemia/genética , Adolescente , Idoso , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Leucemia/imunologia , Leucemia/microbiologia , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vírus Oncogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem
15.
World J Gastroenterol ; 22(34): 7625-44, 2016 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27678347

RESUMO

We aim to review the literature and provide guidance on preventive health measures in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Structured searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from January 1976 to June 2016 using the following keywords: (inflammatory bowel disease OR Crohn's disease OR ulcerative colitis) AND (health maintenance OR preventive health OR health promotion). Abstracts of the articles selected from each of these multiple searches were reviewed, and those meeting the inclusion criteria (that is, providing data regarding preventive health or health maintenance in IBD patients) were recorded. Reference lists from the selected articles were manually reviewed to identify further relevant studies. Patients with IBD are at increased risk of developing adverse events related to the disease course, therapeutic interventions, or non-adherence to medication. Recent studies have suggested that IBD patients do not receive preventive services with the same thoroughness as patients with other chronic diseases. Preventive health measures can avert morbidity and improve the quality of life of patients with IBD. Gastroenterologists and primary care physicians (PCPs) should have an up to date working knowledge of preventive health measures for IBD patients. A holistic approach and better communication between gastroenterologists and PCPs with explicit clarification of roles will prevent duplication of services and streamline care.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/terapia , Doença de Crohn/terapia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/métodos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Anemia/diagnóstico , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/prevenção & controle , Sistema Cardiovascular , Doença Crônica , Comunicação , Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Ciências da Nutrição , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Cooperação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Vacinação , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico
16.
World J Gastroenterol ; 22(27): 6296-317, 2016 Jul 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27468219

RESUMO

AIM: Advances in genetics and immunology have contributed to the current understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). METHODS: The current opinion on the pathogenesis of IBD suggests that genetically susceptible individuals develop intolerance to dysregulated gut microflora (dysbiosis) and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental insults. Environmental exposures are innumerable with varying effects during the life course of individuals with IBD. Studying the relationship between environmental factors and IBD may provide the missing link to increasing our understanding of the etiology and increased incidence of IBD in recent years with implications for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Environmental factors are heterogeneous and genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, or dysbiosis do not lead to the development of IBD in isolation. RESULTS: Current challenges in the study of environmental factors and IBD are how to effectively translate promising results from experimental studies to humans in order to develop models that incorporate the complex interactions between the environment, genetics, immunology, and gut microbiota, and limited high quality interventional studies assessing the effect of modifying environmental factors on the natural history and patient outcomes in IBD. CONCLUSION: This article critically reviews the current evidence on environmental risk factors for IBD and proposes directions for future research.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/epidemiologia , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Apendicectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno , Anticoncepcionais Orais/uso terapêutico , Gorduras na Dieta , Fibras na Dieta , Disbiose/epidemiologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Aditivos Alimentares , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Higiene , Hipótese da Higiene , Desenvolvimento Industrial/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções/epidemiologia , Carne , Fatores de Risco , Saneamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Sono , Fumar/epidemiologia , Classe Social , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Vacinas/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Poluição da Água/estatística & dados numéricos
17.
Talanta ; 148: 94-100, 2016 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26653428

RESUMO

It is common for as-prepared carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene samples to contain remnants of the transition metals used to catalyze their growth; contamination may also leave other trace elemental impurities in the samples. Although a full quantification of impurities in as-prepared samples of carbon nanostructures is difficult, particularly when trace elements are intercalated or encapsulated within a protective layer of graphitic carbon, reliable information is essential for reasons such as quantifying the adulteration of physico-chemical properties of the materials and for evaluating environmental issues. Here, we introduce a microwave-based fusion method to degrade single- and double-walled CNTs and graphene nanoplatelets into a fusion flux thereby thoroughly leaching all metallic impurities. Subsequent dissolution of the fusion product in diluted hydrochloric and nitric acid allowed us to identify their trace elemental impurities using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Comparisons of the results from the proposed microwave-assisted fusion method against those of a more classical microwave-assisted acid digestion approach suggest complementarity between the two that ultimately could lead to a more reliable and less costly determination of trace elemental impurities in carbon nanostructured materials.

18.
Transplantation ; 34(4): 183-9, 1982 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6755826

RESUMO

The influence of HLA matching on the survival of 2648 cadaver renal grafts carried out in Australian transplant units from January 1971 to October 1980 was analyzed. Survival of grafts well matched for the HLA-A and B antigens was significantly better than that of poorly matched grafts from 1 to 5 years after transplant. The improvement in survival was predominantly attributable to matching for the HLA-B locus antigens, matching for antigens of the HLA-A series contributing only marginally. Although survival of secondary grafts was slightly poorer than that of primary grafts, their survival was improved by HLA matching. No difference in survival on the basis of sex, blood group, or demonstrable presensitization to HLA could be shown, but the influence of HLA matching was greater in males than in females, in group A than group O subjects, and in subjects not sensitized to HLA. In all patient groups, HLA matching based on the number of incompatible antigens carried by the donor had greater prognostic value than matching based on the number of antigens shared by donor and recipient.


Assuntos
Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Transplante de Rim , Sistema de Registros , Diálise Renal , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Austrália , Transfusão de Sangue , Cadáver , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-B , Humanos , Imunização , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios
19.
Transplantation ; 38(1): 37-41, 1984 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6377610

RESUMO

A prospective randomized trial was performed comparing survival of cadaveric grafts allocated by HLA-A+B matching and HLA-DR matching. The two allocation methods resulted in very similar graft survivals. HLA-A matching had no significant effect on graft survival. HLA-B and HLA-DR matching were shown to have approximately equal, significant, independent, and additive effects on graft survival. Other factors that were demonstrated to have significant effects were blood transfusion, preformed antibodies, graft number, and recipient sex. The results indicate that neither allocation method alone is optimal, and that matching for HLA-B+DR is necessary. However a large pool size is necessary to obtain a high frequency of good matches.


Assuntos
Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Antígenos HLA , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II , Transplante de Rim , Adolescente , Adulto , Citotoxicidade Celular Dependente de Anticorpos , Transfusão de Sangue , Cadáver , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-A , Antígenos HLA-B , Antígenos HLA-DR , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Distribuição Aleatória
20.
Hum Immunol ; 1(2): 151-60, 1980 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7021488

RESUMO

It has been suggested that some Klebsiella sp may cross-react with a cell surface determinant on the lymphocytes of B27+AS+ individuals. Studies were undertaken to identify culture filtrates capable of rendering the lymphocytes of B27-positive healthy controls susceptible to lysis by the anti-Klebsiella antiserum. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell wall material of Klebsiella K43 prepared by sonication, high-speed centrifugation, and nonidet solubilization, demonstrated the presence of four major protein bands. When antisera raised in rabbits to each of these were tested for their cytotoxic effect on the lymphocytes of B27+AS+ individuals, an antiserum to one component only, of 40-52 K daltons molecular weight, reproduced the activity of the whole serum. Studies on the K43 filtrate indicated that the 'modifying' factor appeared to reside in a 25-50 K dalton component. Immunoelectrophoresis against anti-K43 serum demonstrated overlapping bands in the culture filtrate and the 40-52 K dalton cell wall fraction and these appeared to be identical on immunodiffusion. Antibody to the cell wall component removed both the 'modifying' activity and the appropriate protein band from the filtrate. The results suggest that a 40-52 K dalton component of the Klebsiella K43 cell wall is cross-reactive with a determinant on the lymphocytes of B27+AS+ individuals and is similar to or identical with a modifying factor in K43 culture filtrate which renders the lymphocytes of B27-positive healthy controls susceptible to lysis by anti-Klebsiella antiserum.


Assuntos
Reações Cruzadas , Antígenos HLA , Klebsiella/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Parede Celular/imunologia , Filtração , Humanos , Soros Imunes/farmacologia , Imunoeletroforese , Técnicas de Imunoadsorção , Espondilite Anquilosante/imunologia
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