Alopecia totalis following hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

We present a case of a 13-month-old male patient with alopecia totalis that began two months after an episode of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. It is hypothesized that the viral infection triggered an autoimmune response, which lead to production of lymphocytes targeting an antigen present in the hair bulb. Future research is necessary to determine whether and how the pathophysiology of alopecia totalis may be triggered by viral infection.

Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting with cutaneous involvement in an immunocompromised patient.

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that typically affects immunocompromised patients. It most commonly affects the lungs and may then disseminate to the central nervous system, bone, skin, and adrenal glands. Herein, we describe a 69-year-old man who presented with skin lesions as the initial manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis. Initial workup led to an assumption that the patient was immunocompetent. Later in the clinical course, idiopathic depletion of CD4 T cells was discovered. This case highlights that disseminated cryptococcosis may present with cutaneous symptoms even when there is no evidence of pulmonary or central nervous system involvement and may be the first sign of an underlying cellular immune dysfunction.

A review of topical vitamin C derivatives and their efficacy.

Vitamin C is a popular ingredient in over-the-counter cosmeceuticals due to its many biological functions in maintaining and improving skin health by treating UV damage, improving discoloration, and boosting collagen production. Several chemically modified derivatives of vitamin C have been developed in an attempt to increase the stability, percutaneous absorption, and overall activity of this ingredient in topical formulations. The goal of this review is to evaluate the differences between vitamin C derivatives that have been designed for cosmeceutical use and their efficacy.

Melanoma developing in a nevoid melanocytoma with myxoid changes: a case report.

Nevoid and myxoid melanoma are rare variants of melanoma; association of the two is a unique finding. Nevoid melanoma is characterized by morphologic resemblance to a nevus, whereas myxoid melanoma demonstrates a basophilic mucinous matrix. We present an atypical case of a melanoma progressing from a nevoid melanocytoma with myxoid changes. A 78-year-old female presented with a pigmented growth on her right thigh. Biopsy demonstrated a biphenotypic melanocytic proliferation composed of a nodule showing epithelioid melanocytes with enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, lack of maturation, and abundant amphophilic cytoplasm with a rare mitotic figure. These findings were suggestive of melanoma along with a nevoid dermal component and myxoid stroma. FISH testing revealed a homozygous loss of 9p21 in the atypical component. SNP-microarray from the nevoid component demonstrated three abnormalities including a gain of whole chromosome 8, as well as loss of a copy of nearly an entire chromosome 9 and 16q most consistent with a melanocytoma.

Clinical efficacy of popular oral hair growth supplement ingredients.

Hair supplements are a vast and growing industry. Patients often turn to oral supplements to address hair concerns as they are easily accessible. There are numerous products on the market, many with thousands of reviews (both positive and negative). Nutritional supplements are regulated by the FDA as foods instead of drugs, meaning they do not have to prove their efficacy and safety before becoming available to consumers. While some oral supplements have strong evidence supporting their use for hair growth, many ingredients have not been tested in clinical trials, have only in vitro evidence for hair growth, or have only been tested in animals. Given these industry characteristics, it is important for dermatologists to be aware of the safety and utility of these ingredients to provide appropriate counseling to their patients. The goal of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of popular hair growth oral supplement ingredients and formulations. This review does not address the topical formulations of these ingredients and their effects on hair growth.

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex syndrome) as the presenting sign of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex syndrome) is a rare paraneoplastic skin condition characterised by acral psoriasiform plaques, with a predilection for the nose, ears, hands and feet. It typically presents before the discovery of an internal malignancy and is often misdiagnosed as an inflammatory dermatitis that does not respond to treatment. It is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the aerodigestive tract and lung, as well as adenocarcinoma of the lung, colon and gastrum. Here, we describe the second reported case of Bazex syndrome in the setting of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the first such case in a patient of African ancestry.