RESUMO
Background: Cardiovascular disease continues to be the primary cause of premature mortality in women, who previously have been overlooked in clinical trials. Several studies showed that women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) present more cardiovascular risk factors at baseline, develop more postprocedural complications, and have a higher mortality rate than men. The goal of this review is to analyze the difference between men and women in terms of the prevalence of individual cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted of original investigations with adult subjects who underwent surgical intervention or PCIs in which cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, using the MEDLINE, Cochrane, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), Ovid Embase, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Results: Of the 4567 identified records found, 18 were retained for qualitative analysis. Prevalence of hypertension (CABG: 71% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64%, 78%]); PCI: (59% [95% CI 48%,70%]), and diabetes (CABG: 48% [95% CI 38%, 57%]); PCI 43% (95% CI 27%, 59%]) was high in women. Women who underwent either CABG or PCI had higher odds of having hypertension (CABG: odds ratio [OR] 1.92 [95% CI 1.47-2.50], P < 0.05); PCI: OR 1.86 [95% CI 1.76-1.97], P < 0.05]), and diabetes (CABG: OR 1.94 [95% CI 1.55-2.42], P < 0.05; PCI: OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.54-2.53], P < 0.05)). However, the prevalence of smoking among women, compared to men, was lower (CABG: 0.17 [95% CI 0.06-0.52], P < 0.05; PCI: 0.22 [95% CI 0.06-0.86], P < 0.03). Conclusion: The review shows that women who underwent either surgical or percutaneous revascularization had higher odds of hypertension and diabetes, compared to men.
Contexte: Les maladies cardiovasculaires demeurent la principale cause de décès prématurés chez les femmes, qui ont antérieurement été négligées dans les essais cliniques. Or, plusieurs études ont révélé que les femmes qui subissent un pontage aortocoronarien (PAC) ou une intervention coronarienne percutanée (ICP) présentent initialement plus de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire, connaissent plus de complications postopératoires et affichent un taux de mortalité plus élevé que les hommes. Cette analyse visait à dégager les différences entre les hommes et les femmes quant à la prévalence de chacun des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Méthodologie: Une méta-analyse a été menée sur des enquêtes originales auprès d'adultes ayant subi une intervention chirurgicale ou des ICP chez qui les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire ont été évalués. Les bases de données interrogées étaient les suivantes : MEDLINE, Cochrane, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), Ovid Embase, Google Scholar et PubMed. Résultats: Parmi les 4567 dossiers recensés, 18 ont été retenus pour une analyse qualitative. La prévalence de l'hypertension (PAC : 71 % [intervalle de confiance {IC} à 95 % : 64 %; 78 %]); ICP : 59 % [IC à 95 % : 48 %; 70 %]) et du diabète (PAC : 48 % [IC à 95 % : 38 %; 57 %]); ICP : 43 % (IC à 95 % : 27 %; 59 %]) était élevée chez les femmes. Les femmes qui ont subi un PAC ou une ICP présentaient un risque accru d'hypertension (PAC : rapport de cotes [RC] de 1.92 [IC à 95 % : 1,47-2,50], p < 0,05); ICP : RC de 1,86 [IC à 95 % : 1,76-1,97], p < 0,05]) et de diabète (PAC : RC de 1,94 [IC à 95 % : 1,55-2,42], p < 0,05; ICP : RC de 1,97 [IC à 95 % : 1,54-2,53], p < 0,05). Cependant, le tabagisme était moins prévalent chez les femmes que chez les hommes (PAC : 0,17 [IC à 95 % : 0,06-0,52], p < 0,05; ICP : 0,22 [IC à 95 % : 0,06-0,86], p < 0,03). Conclusion: L'analyse révèle que, par rapport aux hommes, les femmes qui ont subi une revascularisation chirurgicale ou percutanée présentaient plus de risque d'hypertension et de diabète.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicates 5%-10% of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is the leading cause of early mortality. It remains unclear whether percutaneous mechanical support (pMCS) devices improve post-AMI CS outcome. METHODS: A systematic review of original studies comparing the effect of pMCS on AMI-CS mortality was conducted with the use of Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS: Of 8672 records, 50 were retained for quantitative analysis. Four additional references were added from other sources. Four references reported a significant mortality reduction with intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients with failed primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) or managed with thrombolysis. Meta-analyses showed no advantage of Impella over conventional therapy (pooled OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.20-1.46; I2 = 0.85) and increased mortality compared with IABP (pooled OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62; I2 = 0.85). No study reported a mortality advantage for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) over conventional therapy, IABP, or Impella support. Early mortality might be improved with the addition of IABP or Impella to ECMO. Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥ 3 bleeding was increased with every pMCS strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence is of poor to moderate quality, with only 1 in 5 included articles reporting randomised data and several reporting unadjusted outcomes. Yet, there is some evidence to favour IABP use in the setting of thrombolysis or with failed pPCI, and adding IABP or Impella should be considered for patients requiring ECMO.