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Intraoperative antithrombotic drug removal by haemoadsorption is a novel strategy to reduce perioperative bleeding in patients on antithrombotic drugs undergoing cardiac surgery. The international STAR registry reports real-world clinical outcomes associated with this application. All patients underwent cardiac surgery before completing the recommended washout period. The haemoadsorption device was incorporated into the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. Patients on P2Y12 inhibitors comprised group 1, and patients on direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) group 2. Outcome measurements included bleeding events according to standardised definitions and 24-hour chest-tube-drainage (CTD). 165 patients were included from 8 institutions in Austria, Germany, Sweden, and the UK. Group 1 included 114 patients (62.9 ± 11.6years, 81% male) operated at a mean time of 33.2 h from the last P2Y12 inhibitor dose with a mean CPB duration of 117.1 ± 62.0 min. Group 2 included 51 patients (68.4 ± 9.4years, 53% male), operated at a mean time of 44.6 h after the last DOAC dose, with a CPB duration of 128.6 ± 48.4 min. In Group 1, 15 patients experienced a BARC-4 bleeding event (13%), including 3 reoperations (2.6%). The mean 24-hour CTD was 651 ± 407mL. In Group 2, 8 patients experienced a BARC-4 bleeding event (16%) including 4 reoperations (7.8%). The mean CTD was 675 ± 363mL. This initial report of the ongoing STAR registry shows that the intraoperative use of a haemoadsorption device is simple and safe, and may potentially mitigate the expected high bleeding risk of patients on antithrombotic drugs undergoing cardiac surgery before completion of the recommended washout period.Clinical registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05077124.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Fibrinolíticos , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Postoperative myasthenic crisis with respiratory failure is a potentially lethal complication, warranting careful perioperative planning and extended postoperative surveillance of patients. Data on the incidence of postoperative respiratory failure and optimal management of patients after robotic-assisted thymectomy are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of respiratory complications and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) capacities after robotic-assisted thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Single University hospital in Vienna, Austria, from January 2014 to December 2019. PARTICIPANTS: The authors included adult patients who underwent robotic-assisted thymectomy due to myasthenia gravis. MAIN RESULTS: Of 72 patients, 4 patients (5.6%) developed postoperative respiratory failure, needing noninvasive ventilation/intubation. Respiratory failure occurred within the first hours after extubation when patients still were under surveillance in the recovery room or in the ICU. One patient (1.4%) suffered from worsened myasthenic symptoms several days after surgery, and was treated with plasmapheresis. Sixty-five patients (90.3%) were extubated in the operating room, 35 of these (48.6%) were transferred to the ICU, and 30 patients (41.7%) primarily were transferred to the recovery room. Fourteen patients (19.4%) were transferred to the surgical ward after extended observation in the recovery room. Furthermore, after implementation of a standardized perioperative algorithm in 2020, a reduction of ICU admissions was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: After careful patient selection, planning, and postoperative patient evaluation, robotic-assisted thymectomy can be performed safely without postoperative surveillance in an ICU.
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Miastenia Gravis , Insuficiência Respiratória , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Adulto , Humanos , Miastenia Gravis/diagnóstico , Miastenia Gravis/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Timectomia/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) predicts adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery. The accuracy of using changes in serum creatinine for diagnosis and grading of AKI is limited in the peri-operative cardiac surgical setting and AKI may be underdiagnosed due to haemodilution from cardiopulmonary bypass priming and the need for intra-operative and postoperative volume resuscitation. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the urinary biomarker neprilysin can be used as a marker for the early detection of AKI after cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: Austrian tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: 96 Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences and discriminatory power of neprilysin levels early after cardiac surgery and on postoperative day 1 between patients with or without AKI, as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Group. RESULTS: AKI was found in 27% (n=26). The median neprilysin levels on postoperative day 1 were significantly higher in the AKI than in the non-AKI group, 4.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 2 to 6.25] vs. 2.0ângâml [IQR: 1.0 to 4.5], Pâ=â0.0246, respectively. In addition, the median neprilysin levels at the end of surgery were significantly different between both groups, 5.0 [IQR: 2.0 to 9.0] vs. 2.0ângâml [IQR: 1.0 to 4.0], Pâ=â0.0055, respectively. The discriminatory power of neprilysin for detecting early AKI corresponded to an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.90). CONCLUSION: Urinary neprilysin has potential as a biomarker for the early detection of AKI after cardiac surgery and has comparable discriminatory power to recently studied AKI biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03854825, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03854825).
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Áustria , Biomarcadores , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Creatinina , Humanos , Neprilisina , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Background and objectives: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a widely accepted and effective strategy for use in patients presenting with refractory cardiogenic shock. Implantation in awake and non-intubated patients allows for optimized evaluation of further therapy options while avoiding potential side effects associated with the need for sedation and intubation. The aim of the study was the assessment of safety and feasibility of awake ECLS implementation and of outcomes in patients treated with this concept. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the concept of awake ECLS implantation in 16 consecutive patients (mean age 58 ± 8 years; male: 88%; ischemic cardiomyopathy: 50%) from 02/2017 to 01/2021. Study endpoints were survival to weaning or bridging to durable support or organ replacement and development of end-organ function and hemodynamic parameters on ECLS. Results: Fourteen patients (88%) were able to be successfully transitioned to definite therapy options. ECLS support stabilized end-organ function, led to a decrease in mean lactate levels (5.3 ± 3.7 mmol/L at baseline to 1.9 ± 1.3 mmol/L 12 h after ECLS start; p = 0.01) and improved hemodynamics (median central venous pressure 20 ± 5 mmHg vs. 10 ± 2 mmHg, p = 0.001) over a median duration of two days (1-8 days IQR). Two patients (13%) died on ECLS support due to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Survival to discharge of initially successfully bridged or weaned patients was 64%. Conclusions: Awake ECLS implantation is feasible and safe with the key advantage of omitting or delaying general anesthesia and intubation, with their associated risks in cardiogenic-shock patients, facilitating further decision making.
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Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Choque Cardiogênico , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , VigíliaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal circulation during major cardiac surgery triggers a systemic inflammatory response affecting the clinical course and outcome. Recently, extracellular vesicle (EV) research has shed light onto a novel cellular communication network during inflammation. Hemoadsorption (HA) systems have shown divergent results in modulating the systemic inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. To date, the effect of HA on circulating microvesicles (MVs) in patients undergoing CPB surgery is unknown. METHODS: Count and function of MVs, as part of the extracellular vesicle fraction, were assessed in a subcohort of a single-center, blinded, controlled study investigating the effect of the CytoSorb device during CPB. A total of 18 patients undergoing elective CPB surgery with (n = 9) and without (n = 9) HA device were included in the study. MV phenotyping and counting was conducted via flow cytometry and procoagulatory potential was measured by tissue factor-dependent MV assays. RESULTS: Both study groups exhibited comparable counts and post-operative kinetics in MV subsets. Tissue factor-dependent procoagulatory potential was not detectable in plasma at any timepoint. Post-operative course and laboratory parameters showed no correlation with MV counts in patients undergoing CPB surgery. CONCLUSION: Additional artificial surfaces to the CPB-circuit introduced by the use of the HA device showed no effect on circulating MV count and function in these patients. Larger studies are needed to assess and clarify the effect of HA on circulating vesicle counts and function. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT01879176; registration date: June 17, 2013; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01879176.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Humanos , InflamaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury predicts adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether ultra-short-term changes (within 120âmin) in serum creatinine (SCrea) levels after cardiac surgery predict clinical outcomes (30-day mortality). DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Austrian tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: A total of 7651 patients scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We analysed SCrea levels measured pre-operatively (baseline) and within 120âmin after surgery. We also adjusted the postoperative SCrea levels for fluid balance. Patients were grouped according to the difference between the pre and postoperative SCrea levels (ΔSCreaAdmICU). We performed univariable and multivariable analyses to determine the association between changes in SCrea levels and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: After cardiac surgery, the SCrea level decreased in 5923 patients and increased in 1728 patients. Increased SCrea levels were associated with a 21% increase in 30-day mortality. Even minimal increases in SCrea (0 to <26.5âµmolâl) were significantly associated with 30-day mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.54 to 2.55; Pâ<â0.001]. Adjustments for fluid balance strengthened the above association (increases of 0 to <26.5âµmolâl: HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.26; Pâ<â0.001; increases of at least 26.5âµmolâl: HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.68 to 3.42; Pâ<â0.001). CONCLUSION: Even minimal, ultra-short-term increases in SCrea levels after cardiac surgery are associated with increased 30-day mortality. Adjustment for fluid balance strengthens this association. The change in SCrea between baseline and after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ΔSCreaAdmICU) can serve as a simple, cheap and widely available marker for very early risk stratification after cardiac surgery.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Áustria , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Creatinina , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery initiates a systemic inflammatory response, which is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Hemoadsorption (HA) of cytokines may suppress inflammatory responses and improve outcomes. We tested a new sorbent used for HA (CytoSorb™; CytoSorbents Europe GmbH, Berlin, Germany) installed in the CPB circuit on changes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels, inflammation markers, and differences in patients' perioperative course. METHODS: In this first pilot trial, 37 blinded patients were undergoing elective CPB surgery at the Medical University of Vienna and were randomly assigned to HA (n = 19) or control group (n = 18). The primary outcome was differences of cytokine levels (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-10) within the first five postoperative days. We also analyzed whether we can observe any differences in ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production, a reduction of high-mobility box group 1 (HMGB1), or other inflammatory markers. Additionally, measurements for fluid components, blood products, catecholamine treatment, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and 30-day mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: We did not find differences in our primary outcome immediately following the HA treatment, although we observed differences for IL-10 24 hours after CPB (HA: median 0.3, interquartile range (IQR) 0-4.5; control: not traceable, P = 0.0347) and 48 hours after CPB (median 0, IQR 0-1.2 versus not traceable, P = 0.0185). We did not find any differences for IL-6 between both groups, and other cytokines were rarely expressed. We found differences in pretreatment levels of HMGB1 (HA: median 0, IQR 0-28.1; control: median 48.6, IQR 12.7-597.3, P = 0.02083) but no significant changes to post-treatment levels. No differences in inflammatory markers, fluid administration, blood substitution, catecholamines, BIA, or 30-day mortality were found. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any reduction of the pro-inflammatory response in our patients and therefore no changes in their perioperative course. However, IL-10 showed a longer-lasting anti-inflammatory effect. The clinical impact of prolonged IL-10 needs further evaluation. We also observed strong inter-individual differences in cytokine levels; therefore, patients with an exaggerated inflammatory response to CPB need to be identified. The implementation of HA during CPB was feasible. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01879176, registration date: June 7, 2013.
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Adsorção/imunologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Citocinas/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Berlim , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/estatística & dados numéricos , Citocinas/imunologia , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-18/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
Monitoring for thrombosis and hemolysis is crucial for patients under extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support, but it can be costly. We investigated correlations between hemolysis index (HI) and plasma-free hemoglobin (PFH) levels on one hand, and between the HI and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels on the other, in critically ill patients with and without extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support. Additionally, we calculated the cost reductions if monitoring through HI were to replace monitoring through PFH or plasma LDH. In a single-center study, HI was compared with PFH and plasma LDH levels in blood samples taken for routine purposes in critically ill patients with and without extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support. A cost analysis, restricted to direct costs associated with each measurement, was made for an average 10-bed ICU. This study included 147 patients: 56 patients with extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support (450 measurements) and 91 patients without extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support (562 measurements). The HI correlated well with PFH levels (r = 0.96; p < 0.01) and poorly with plasma LDH levels (r = 0.07; p < 0.01) in patients with extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support. Similarly, HI correlated well with PFH levels (r = 0.97; p < 0.01) and poorly with plasma LDH levels (r = -0.04; p = 0.39) in patients without extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support. ROC analyses demonstrated a strong performance of HI, with the curve indicating excellent discrimination in the whole cohort (area under the ROC of 0.969) as well as in patients under ECMO or mechanical circulatory support (area under the ROC of 0.988). Although the negative predictive value of HI for predicting PFH levels > 10 mg/dL was high, its positive predictive value was found to be poor at various cutoffs. A simple cost analysis showed substantial cost reduction if HI were to replace PFH or plasma LDH for hemolysis monitoring. In conclusion, in this cohort of critically ill patients with and without extracorporeal or mechanical circulatory support, HI correlated well with PFH levels, but poorly with plasma LDH levels. Given the high correlation and substantial cost reductions, a strategy utilizing HI may be preferable for monitoring for hemolysis compared to monitoring strategies based on PFH or plasma LDH. The PPV of HI, however, is unacceptably low to be used as a diagnostic test.
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BACKGROUND: One single-center randomized clinical trial showed that INTELLiVENT-adaptive support ventilation (ASV) is superior to conventional ventilation with respect to the quality of ventilation in post-cardiac surgery patients. Other studies showed that this automated ventilation mode reduces the number of manual interventions at the ventilator in various types of critically ill patients. In this multicenter study in patients post-cardiac surgery, we test the hypothesis that INTELLiVENT-ASV is superior to conventional ventilation with respect to the quality of ventilation. METHODS: "POStoperative INTELLiVENT-adaptive support VEntilation in cardiac surgery patients II (POSITiVE II)" is an international, multicenter, two-group randomized clinical superiority trial. In total, 328 cardiac surgery patients will be randomized. Investigators screen patients aged > 18 years of age, scheduled for elective cardiac surgery, and expected to receive postoperative ventilation in the ICU for longer than 2 h. Patients either receive automated ventilation by means of INTELLiVENT-ASV or ventilation that is not automated by means of a conventional ventilation mode. The primary endpoint is quality of ventilation, defined as the proportion of postoperative ventilation time characterized by exposure to predefined optimal, acceptable, and critical (injurious) ventilatory parameters in the first two postoperative hours. One major secondary endpoint is ICU team staff workload, captured by the ventilator software collecting manual settings on alarms. Patient-centered endpoints include duration of postoperative ventilation and length of stay in ICU. DISCUSSION: POSITiVE II is the first international, multicenter, randomized clinical trial designed to confirm that POStoperative INTELLiVENT-ASV is superior to non-automated conventional ventilation and secondary to determine if this closed-loop ventilation mode reduces ICU team staff workload. The results of POSITiVE II will support intensive care teams in their choices regarding the use of automated ventilation in postoperative care of uncomplicated cardiac surgery patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06178510 . Registered on December 4, 2023.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estudos de Equivalência como Asunto , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Haemorrhagic and thrombotic complications are known obstacles in extracorporeal life support (ECLS), and patients requiring post-cardiotomy (PC)-ECLS are particularly prone. The objective of this study was to characterize the incidence, type and clinical relevance of bleeding and thrombotic events in patients on PC-ECLS. METHODS: A total of 504 patients receiving PC-ECLS between 2000 and 2021 at a single centre were included in a retrospective analysis. Incidence and type of haemorrhagic and thrombotic complications in patients on PC-ECLS were assessed. Overall survival was compared, and perioperative risk factors for bleeding and thrombotic events were assessed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 504 patients requiring PC-ECLS, 196 patients (38.9%) had 235 bleeding events [surgical site: n = 135 (26.8%); cannulation site: n = 68(13.4%); requiring surgical revision: n = 39 (7.7%); cannulation site change: n = 17 (3.4%); fatal cannulation site bleeding: n = 4(0.8%); intracranial haemorrhage: n = 11 (2.1%); gastrointestinal haemorrhage: n = 8 (1.6%); pulmonary haemorrhage: n = 8 (1.6%); and intra-abdominal/retroperitoneal haemorrhage: n = 5 (1%)]. Overall mortality was higher in patients with major bleeding complications than in patients without bleeding complications (P < 0.0001).A total of 74 patients (14.7%) had 84 thrombotic events [ischaemic stroke, n = 39 (7.7%); cannula/circuit thrombosis, n = 26 (5.2%); peripheral embolism, n = 11 (2.2%); device exchange for haemolysis, n = 8 (1.6%)]. Another 246 patients (48.8%) had at least 1 haemocompatibility-related adverse event. Preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.063-3.137] and ECLS duration (adjusted OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.086-1.197) were identified as independent risk factors for haemorrhage. Prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack (adjusted OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.08-3.83) and ECLS duration (adjusted OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15) were identified as risk factors for thrombotic events. CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding complications in patients on ECLS are common and significantly impair survival. Nearly half of the patients were affected by any haemocompatibility-related event.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Trombose , Humanos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/etiologia , Trombose/epidemiologia , Trombose/etiologiaRESUMO
Reduced oxygen consumption (VO2), either due to insufficient oxygen delivery (DO2), microcirculatory hypoperfusion and/or mitochondrial dysfunction, has an impact on the adverse short- and long-term survival of patients after cardiac surgery. However, it is still unclear whether VO2 remains an efficient predictive marker in a population in which cardiac output (CO) and consequently DO2 is determined by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). We enrolled 93 consecutive patients who received an LVAD with a pulmonary artery catheter in place to monitor CO and venous oxygen saturation. VO2 and DO2 of in-hospital survivors and non-survivors were calculated over the first 4 days. Furthermore, we plotted receiver-operating curves (ROC) and performed a cox-regression analysis. VO2 predicted in-hospital, 1- and 6-year survival with the highest area under the curve of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.6-0.9; p = 0.0004). A cut-off value of 210 mL/min VO2 stratified patients regarding mortality with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 81%. Reduced VO2 was an independent predictor for in-hospital, 1- and 6-year mortality with a hazard ratio of 5.1 (p = 0.006), 3.2 (p = 0.003) and 1.9 (p = 0.0021). In non-survivors, VO2 was significantly lower within the first 3 days (p = 0.010, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.015); DO2 was reduced on days 2 and 3 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003). In LVAD patients, impaired VO2 impacts short- and long-term outcomes. Perioperative and intensive care medicine must, therefore, shift their focus from solely guaranteeing sufficient oxygen supply to restoring microcirculatory perfusion and mitochondrial functioning.
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Coração Auxiliar , Consumo de Oxigênio , Humanos , Microcirculação , Débito Cardíaco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , IdosoRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in postoperative ICU patients. The incidence of AKI varies substantially based on the type of surgery and definition used. This study focuses on the incidence of AKI in postoperative ICU patients using full KDIGO criteria and related outcomes regarding to different types of surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary level university hospital, eight anaesthesiological/surgical ICUs, between 2016 and 2018. PATIENTS: 6261 adult patients. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality in different stages of AKI according to complete KDIGO criteria. MAIN RESULTS: We found 3497 (55.9%) postoperative ICU patients with AKI. The severity distribution of AKI stage 1 to 3 was 19.7%, 28.4% and 7.8%, respectively, and 235 (4%) patients received RRT. The 28-day mortality was 3% (n = 205). Increasing AKI severity was associated with increased 28-day mortality when adjusted for other variables (AKI 2°: OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.55 to 5.24; p < 0.001 and AKI 3°: OR 11.37.; 95% CI 5.91 to 22.55; p < 0.001). Besides AKI stages 2 and 3, age (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04, p < 0.001), NYHA IV (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 4.43, p = 0.042), need for surgical reintervention within 48 h (OR 2.92; 95% CI 1.76 to 4.72, p = 0.001), urgent surgery (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.71, p = 0.01), emergency surgery (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.31, p = 0.001), vascular surgery (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.06 to 3.98, p = 0.033), and orthopedic and trauma surgery (OR 3.79; 95% CI 1.98 to 7.09, p < 0.001) versus cardiac surgery was significantly associated with increased risk for 28-days mortality in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: AKI based on full KDIGO criteria is very common in postoperative ICU patients and it is associated with stepwise increase in 28-days mortality.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Incidência , Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of urinary collectrin as a novel biomarker for AKI in this patient population. METHODS: In this prospective, observational cohort study, 63 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied at the Medical University of Vienna between 2016 and 2018. We collected urine samples prospectively at four perioperative time points, and urinary collectrin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were divided into two groups, AKI and non-AKI, defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines, and differences between groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Postoperative AKI was found in 19 (30%) patients. Urine sample analysis revealed an inverse correlation between urinary collectrin and creatinine and AKI stages, as well as significant changes in collectrin levels during the perioperative course. Baseline collectrin levels were 5050 ± 3294 pg/mL, decreased after the start of CPB, reached their nadir at the end of surgery, and began to recover slightly on postoperative day (POD) 1. The most effective timepoint for distinguishing between AKI and non-AKI patients based on collectrin levels was POD 1, with collectrin levels of 2190 ± 3728 pg/mL in AKI patients and 3768 ± 3435 pg/mL in non-AKI patients (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary collectrin shows promise as a novel biomarker for the early detection of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB. Its dynamic changes throughout the perioperative period, especially on POD 1, provide valuable insights for timely diagnosis and intervention. Further research and validation studies are needed to confirm its clinical usefulness and potential impact on patient outcomes.
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Background: The phase angle (PhA) can be used for prognostic assessments in critically ill patients. This study describes the perioperative course of PhA and associated risk indicators in a cohort of elective cardiac surgical patients. Methods: The PhA was measured in 168 patients once daily until postoperative day (POD) seven. Patients were split into two groups depending on their median preoperative PhA and analyzed for several clinical outcomes; logistic regression models were used. Results: The PhA decreased from preoperative (6.1° ± 1.9°) to a nadir on POD 2 (3.5° ± 2.5°, mean difference −2.6° (95% CI, −3.0°; −2.1°; p < 0.0001)). Patients with lower preoperative PhA were older (71.0 ± 9.1 vs. 60.9 ± 12.0 years; p < 0.0001) and frailer (3.1 ± 1.3 vs. 2.3 ± 1.1; p < 0.0001), needed more fluids (8388 ± 3168 vs. 7417 ± 2459 mL, p = 0.0287), and stayed longer in the ICU (3.7 ± 4.5 vs. 2.6 ± 3.8 days, p = 0.0182). Preoperative PhA was independently influenced by frailty (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.61; 0.98; p = 0.0344) and cardiac function (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.07; 3.19; p = 0.028), whereas the postoperative PhA decline was independently influenced by higher fluid balances (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75; 0.99; p = 0.0371) and longer cardiopulmonary bypass times (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98; 0.99; p = 0.0344). Conclusion: Perioperative PhA measurement is an easy-to-use bedside method that may critically influence risk evaluation for the outcome of cardiac surgery patients.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Impedância Elétrica , Humanos , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of primary arterial access in patients receiving peripheral postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support on associated complications and outcome. METHODS: Of 573 consecutive patients requiring PC-ECLS between 2000 and 2019 at a single center, 436 were included in a retrospective analysis and grouped according to primary arterial extracorporeal life support access site. Survival and rate of access-site-related complications with special emphasis on fatal/disabling stroke were compared. RESULTS: The axillary artery was cannulated in 250 patients (57.3%), whereas the femoral artery was used as primary arterial access in 186 patients (42.6%). There was no significant difference in 30-day (axillary: 62%; femoral: 64.7%; P = .561) and 1-year survival (axillary: 42.5%; femoral: 44.8%; P = .657). Cerebral computed tomography-confirmed stroke with a modified ranking scale ≥4 was significantly more frequent in the axillary group (axillary: n = 28, 11.2%; femoral: n = 4, 2.2%; P = .0003). Stroke localization was right hemispheric (n = 20; 62.5%); left hemispheric (n = 5; 15.6%), bilateral (n = 5; 15.6%), or infratentorial (n = 2; 6.25%). Although no difference in major cannulation site bleeding was observed, cannulation site change for bleeding was more frequent in the axillary group (axillary: n = 13; 5.2%; femoral: n = 2; 1.1%; P = .03). Clinically apparent limb ischemia was significantly more frequent in the femoral group (axillary: n = 12, 4.8%; femoral: n = 31, 16.7%; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although survival did not differ, surgeons should be aware of access-site-specific complications when choosing peripheral PC-ECLS access. Although lower rates of limb ischemia and the advantage of antegrade flow seem beneficial for axillary cannulation, the high incidence of right hemispheric strokes in axillary artery cannulation should be considered.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Periférico , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Isquemia/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologiaRESUMO
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can cause pro- and anti-inflammatory effects via different signaling pathways. This prospective study investigated the perioperative kinetics of IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) in elective patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). IL-6, sIL-6R, and sgp130 were measured simultaneously and consecutively at 19 timepoints until the 10th postoperative day (POD). The proportion of pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways were determined by calculating sIL-6R/IL-6 and sIL-6R/sgp130 ratios. We analyzed 93 patients. IL-6 increased during surgery with reaching a plateau two hours after CPB and peaking on POD 1 (188.5 pg mL-1 (IQR, 126.6; 309.2)). sIL-6R decreased at the beginning of the surgical procedure, reaching a nadir level on POD 2 (26,311 pg mL-1 (IQR, 22,222; 33,606)). sgp130 dropped immediately after CPB initiation (0.13 ng mL-1 (IQR, 0.12; 0.15)), followed by a continuous recovery until POD10. The sIL-6R/IL-6 ratio decreased substantially at the beginning of the procedure, reaching a nadir on POD 1 (149.7 (IQR, 82.4; 237.4)), while the sIL-6R/sgp130 ratio increased simultaneously until 6 h post CPB (0.219 (IQR 0.18; 0.27)). In conclusion, IL-6 exhibited high inter-individual variability reflecting an inhomogeneous inflammatory response. Pro-inflammatory effects and overwhelming inflammation were rare and predominantly anti-inflammatory effects were found.
RESUMO
After major surgery, longitudinal changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) as well as imbalances in oxygen delivery (DO2) and distribution and processing (VO2) may occur due to dynamic metabolic requirements, an impaired macro- and microcirculatory flow and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the longitudinal pattern of these parameters in critically ill patients who die during hospitalization remains unknown. Therefore, we analyzed in 566 patients who received a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) their REE, DO2, VO2 and oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) continuously in survivors and non-survivors over the first 7 days post cardiac surgery, calculated the percent increase in the measured compared with the calculated REE and investigated the impact of a reduced REE on 30-day, 1-year and 6-year mortality in a uni- and multivariate model. Only in survivors was there a statistically significant transition from a negative to a positive energy balance from day 0 until day 1 (Day 0: −3% (−18, 14) to day 1: 5% (−9, 21); p < 0.001). Furthermore, non-survivors had significantly decreased DO2 during the first 4 days and reduced O2ER from day 2 until day 6. Additionally, a lower REE was significantly associated with a worse survival at 30 days, 1 year and 6 years (p = 0.009, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.012, respectively). Non-survivors seemed to be unable to metabolically adapt from the early (previously called the 'ebb') phase to the later 'flow' phase. DO2 reduction was more pronounced during the first three days whereas O2ER was markedly lower during the following four days, suggesting a switch from a predominantly limited oxygen supply to prolonged mitochondrial dysfunction. The association between a reduced REE and mortality further emphasizes the importance of REE monitoring.