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BACKGROUND: Innovative educational approaches such as simulation-based nursing education using virtual reality (VR) technologies provide new opportunities for nursing education. However, there is a lack of information on side effects, especially health-related side effects, of head-mounted displays (HMDs) on the human body when using VR devices for nursing simulation. This study aims to validate the German version of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) and to evaluate its associations with sex and age, as reflected in the VRSQG scores (total score, oculomotor, and disorientation) over time. METHODS: A longitudinal-sectional study was conducted. In addition to the VRSQG (pre-, post-, and 20 min post-intervention), participants (all nursing students) completed data on personal characteristics. Participants completed a VR simulation of a blood draw. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate whether the measured construct was consistent with the original. In addition to the validity, internal consistency was analyzed and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 38 nursing students (mean age 26.8 years; SD = 7.1, 79.0% female) participated. The mean time spent in the VR simulation was 21 min. All participants completed the entire simulation. The CFA indicates (CFI = 0.981, SRMR = 0.040) VRSQG structure is given. Internal consistency showed low values for the subdomain Oculomotor (Cronbach alpha 0.670). For Disorientation and the Total score values showed a sufficient internal consistency. GLMs showed significant between subject associations with age over time with VRSQG total score, oculomotor, and disorientation. Older nursing students start with higher VRSQG-Scores. Over time, an approximation occurs, so that all participants reach a similar level by the final measurement point. No associations were found between sex (male/female) and VRSQG scores. CONCLUSIONS: The VRSQG is a reliable and valid self-assessment for measuring cybersickness in VR based nursing simulations, with cybersickness symptoms positively associated with age. However, in depth-evaluation regarding age-associations with cybersickness should be done. As well as studies to explore additional associations and emphasizes the importance of establishing cut-off values to assess the clinical relevance of the scores.
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Status of the implementation of simulation-based education in Germany: A cross-sectional study Abstract. Background: The importance of simulation-based learning in nursing education is growing. Its success depends on the qualification of facilitators and the use of standards. Up to now, there has been a lack of data on the state of implementation of simulation-based learning in nursing education in Germany. Research question: Which qualification level do simulation facilitators show in nursing education in Germany and which concepts and standards are used? Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among simulation facilitators in three different educational areas. The questionnaire included socio-demographic and professional characteristics as well as qualification measures completed, and concepts and standards applied. Data were analysed descriptively by determining arithmetic means plus standard deviation (SD) or absolute and relative frequencies. Results: A total of 156 simulation facilitators (mean age 41.5 (SD 9.8) years, 74.2% female) participated. 95.4% of participants reported being (very) highly motivated for simulation-based learning. Specific simulation pedagogy training was completed by 16.8% of participants. The application of evidence-based concepts is not occurring across the board. Conclusions: Against the background of international standards, qualification needs for simulation facilitators in Germany become apparent. Increased specific, standardized continuing education and training as well as the establishment of evidence-based concepts are important for high quality in simulation facilitation.
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Educação em Enfermagem , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Competência Clínica , AlemanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Simulations are part of nursing education. To obtain good results, simulation facilitators need to be competent in simulation pedagogy. Part of this study was the transcultural adaptation and validation of the Facilitator Competency Rubric into German (FCRG) and the evaluation of the factors associated with higher competencies. METHOD: A written-standardized cross-sectional survey was conducted. N = 100 facilitators (mean age: 41.0 (9.8), female: 75.3%) participated. Test-re-test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of, and the factors associated with, FCRG. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values > .9 indicate excellent reliability. RESULTS: The FCRG achieved good intra-rater reliability (all ICC > .934). A moderate correlation (Spearman-rho .335, p < .001) with motivation indicates convergent validity. The CFA showed sufficient to good model fits (CFI = .983 and SRMR = .016). Basic simulation pedagogy training is associated with higher competencies (p = .036, b = 17.766). CONCLUSION: The FCRG is a suitable self-assessment tool for evaluating a facilitator's competence in nursing simulation.
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COVID-19 pandemic in Berlin and Brandenburg - A hospital survey from nursing management perspective Abstract. Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear how hospitals in the federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg are structured with regard to structural adaptions, personnel situations, protective equipment and trainings. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the current status of all hospitals in both states. Methods: In April 2020, an online survey of all hospitals in Berlin and Brandenburg (n = 99) was carried out. Structural capacities, the personnel situation, protective equipment and training were investigated. Results: The hospitals (response rate: 31.3 %) have made all structural changes except for n = 1 facility. The majority of the failure rate is critically stated as 5 - 10 % before (58.6 %) and during the pandemic (51.5 %). The proportion with > 10 % default rate increases from 20.7 % to 31.0 %. 45.2 % of hospitals report that they rarely have shortage in protective clothing. Nurses at peripheral wards are often trained in handling with respiratory patients. The duration is in median 2 - 8 hours. No significant differences between Berlin and Brandenburg were found. Conclusions: At the time of the survey, the hospitals in Berlin and Brandenburg were well prepared for the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2020, the results indicate that hospitals are well prepared to ensure the health care provision.