Generalized anxiety disorder and associated factors in primary health care workers in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had direct and indirect impacts on public health, also affecting the mental health of the population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and associated factors, in primary health care (PHC) professionals. METHODS: Cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with professionals who work in the Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Northern health macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through an online, self-administered questionnaire, made available from August 27, 2021, to October 30, 2021 using the Google Forms tool. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions as well as questions related to the history of anxiety and work during the pandemic. To assess anxiety symptoms, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instrument was used. Data treatment consisted of descriptive analysis of the variables, bivariate analysis followed by multivariate Poisson Regression with robust variance. RESULTS: 702 health professionals participated in the study and the general prevalence of GAD was 32.2%. Current anxiety symptoms were self-reported by 37.6% of the participants. In the final model, the associated factors identified were: female sex (PR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.17-2.84; p = 0.007), previous symptoms (PR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.19-2.10; p = 0.002) and (PR = 2.68; 95% CI = 2.00-3.62; p < 0.001) current self-reported anxiety. CONCLUSION: The results show the need to implement actions in mental health promotion and anxiety prevention, through the dissemination of information about mental health care, health education activities, encouraging the adoption of healthy habits and professional monitoring when necessary.

Physical activity level and associated factors among pregnant women: a population-based epidemiological study. / Nível de atividade física e fatores associados entre gestantes: estudo epidemiológico de base populacional.

This research aimed to assess the level of physical activity and identify the associated factors in pregnant women assisted in primary health care in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais (Brazil). This was an epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical study, carried out with 1,279 pregnant women. Socioeconomic, occupational, obstetric, behavioral, social, health, and emotional variables were assessed using a questionnaire. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Pregnant Women was also applied. Descriptive statistical analysis and multinominal logistic regression with a hierarchical model were performed. The prevalence of physical inactivity in the physical activity and leisure time dimensions was verified. A mild level of physical activity was associated with the variables such as age from 21 to 30 years and up to 20 years old, income above two minimum wages, salaried work, and maternal-fetal attachment at a medium/high level. Income from one to two minimum wages and above two wages, paid work and self-employment, anxiety and stress symptoms, and medium/high maternal-fetal attachment were associated with the moderate/vigorous level. Multifactorial aspects must be considered in health promotion strategies directed to the practice of physical activity by pregnant women.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de atividade física e identificar os fatores associados em gestantes assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde da cidade de Montes Claros - Minas Gerais (Brasil). Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, analítico, realizado com 1.279 gestantes. Utilizou-se questionário que contemplava variáveis socioeconômicas, ocupacionais, obstétricas, comportamentais, sociais, de saúde e emocionais. Também se aplicou o Questionário de Atividade Física para Gestantes. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e regressão logística multinominal com modelo hierarquizado. Verificou-se prevalência de inatividade física nas dimensões atividade física e lazer. O nível leve de atividade física foi associado aos fatores idade de 21 a 30 e até 20 anos, renda acima de dois salários-mínimos, trabalho assalariado e apego materno-fetal nível médio/alto. Renda de um a dois salários-mínimos e acima de dois salários, trabalho assalariado e por conta própria, sintomas de ansiedade e de estresse, apego materno-fetal médio/alto foram associados ao nível moderado/vigoroso. Aspectos multifatoriais devem ser considerados em estratégias de promoção da saúde direcionadas à prática de atividade física por gestantes.

Diagnostic performance of anthropometric indicators used to assess excess body fat in adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of anthropometric indicators that identify excess body fat (BF) in adolescents. METHODS: This is a methodological study that used probability cluster sampling through school and class draws. Data collection included sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measures. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (C index), and waist circumference (WC) were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated from skinfold thickness and used as the gold standard. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Youden's index were used, in addition to correlation coefficient calculation between the indicators and BF%. RESULTS: A total of 997 adolescents enrolled in municipal secondary schools participated in the study. By calculating the BMI, we found that 10.6% of adolescents were overweight, and 4.7% were obese. BMI, WC, and WtHR had the highest accuracy to predict body fatness. All the anthropometric indicators had higher specificity than sensitivity to diagnose excess BF in males. WC had the highest sensitivity in both genders. C index had the smallest area under the ROC curve and the lowest sensitivity in both genders, but its specificity was equivalent to that of the other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: BMI, WtHR, and WC were the best anthropometric indicators to predict excess BF in adolescents and had the best correlation coefficients. These tools can be considered in the screening to detect excess BF in adolescents.

Positive self-perception of health among non-long-lived and long-lived older adults and associated factors. / Autopercepção positiva de saúde entre idosos não longevos e longevos e fatores associados.

This work aimed to identify the prevalence of positive self-perceived health among non-long-lived and long-lived older adults and associated factors. This is a study with older adults in the Family Health Strategy of Montes Claros. The Brazilian Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire was used. Bivariate and multiple analyses were performed using Poisson Regression. A total of 1,750 older adults participated in the study, of which 1,420 were non-long-lived older adults, and 330 were long-lived older adults. Positive self-perception was reported among 71.9% of the non-long-lived older adults and 67.8% of the long-lived older adults. Among the non-long-lived, positive self-perceived health was associated with five years of schooling (PR=1.12); household income from two to less than three minimum wages (PR=1.13) and ≥three minimum wages (PR=1.12); preserved vision (PR=1.13); proper chewing (PR=1.16); preserved sleep (PR=1.23); absence of polypathologies (PR=1.29); absence of diabetes (PR=1.15); falls in the last year (PR=1.13); and physical activity (PR=1.11). Among the long-lived older adults, it was associated with the use of prosthesis, sleeping disorders, and polypathologies and physical activities. Positive self-perception of health is associated with social and health determinants.

Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência da autopercepção positiva de saúde entre os idosos não longevos e longevos e fatores associados. Pesquisa realizada com idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Montes Claros. Utilizou-se o instrumento Brazilian Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire. Realizaram-se análises bivariadas e múltiplas por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Participaram 1.750 idosos, sendo 1.420 idosos não longevos e 330 longevos. A autopercepção positiva foi referida entre 71,9% dos idosos não longevos e 67,8% dos longevos. Entre os não longevos, a autopercepção positiva de saúde foi associada: escolaridade a partir de 5 anos (RP=1,12); renda familiar entre 2 a menos de 3 salários mínimos (RP=1,13) e maior ou igual a 3 salários mínimos (RP=1,12); visão preservada (RP=1,13); boa mastigação (RP=1,16); sono preservado (RP=1,23); ausência de polipatologias (RP=1,29); ausência de diabetes (RP=1,15) e de quedas no último ano (RP=1,13) e prática de atividades físicas (RP=1,11) e entre os longevos: uso de prótese; ausência de alterações no sono e de polipatologias e prática de atividades físicas. A autopercepção positiva de saúde está associada aos determinantes sociais e de saúde.

Sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with anxiety symptoms in Community Health Agents. / Fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais associados aos sintomas de ansiedade entre Agentes Comunitários de Saúde.

Community Health Agents (CHAs) play a crucial role in assisting the population. Due to the complexity of functions and situations to which they are exposed, they can present with emotional problems. The aim of this article was to verify the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and the association with sociodemographic and occupational factors in community health agents. It is a cross-sectional and populational study that used a questionnaire to collect data on the sociodemographic, economic and occupational conditions and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Descriptive analyses and multiple Poisson regression were performed with robust variation, considering a 5% significance level (p <0.05) for the final model. A total of 673 community health agents were evaluated. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the STAI-State was 47.4% and in the STAI-trait, 42.4%. The time working as a CHA longer than five years was associated with the STAI-state (p<0.001) and the STAI-trait (p=0.018), where as the female gender was associated with the STAI-trait (p=0.011). A high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in community health agents was verified. Health promotion strategies aimed at improving and monitoring the mental health of these workers by reducing anxiety disorders is required.

Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde possuem papel fundamental para o atendimento à população. Devido à complexidade de funções e situações que são expostos podem apresentar problemas emocionais. O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a prevalência dos sintomas de ansiedade e a associação com os fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais entre agentes comunitários de saúde. Estudo transversal, populacional, no qual utilizou-se o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço Estado (IDATE- Traço e IDATE-Estado) e um questionário sobre as condições sociodemográficas e ocupacionais. Realizou-se análises descritivas e de regressão múltipla de Poisson com variância robusta, considerando um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) para o modelo final. Foram avaliados 673 agentes comunitários de saúde, a prevalência dos sintomas de ansiedade no IDATE-estado foi de 47,4% e no IDATE-traço, 42,4%. O tempo de trabalho acima de cinco anos esteve associado ao IDATE-estado (p<0,001) e ao IDATE-traço (p=0,018), o sexo feminino ficou associado ao IDATE-traço (p=0,011). Verificou-se alta prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade entre os agentes comunitários da saúde. Há necessidade de estratégias que visem a promoção, proteção, monitoramento da saúde mental desses trabalhadores, reduzindo os transtornos de ansiedade.

COVID-19 pandemic: dissatisfaction with work among teachers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. / Pandemia da COVID-19: insatisfação com o trabalho entre professores(as) do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil.

This article aimed to verify the prevalence and factors associated with dissatisfaction with teaching work among teachers from the state public basic education network in the state of Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a websurvey, carried out with these teachers between August and September 2020 via digital form. The dependent variable was job satisfaction during the pandemic, with satisfied people being the reference category. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used. 15,641 teachers from 795 municipalities participated in the study. Regarding work satisfaction, 21.6% were satisfied, 44.7% were indifferent and 33.7% were unsatisfied. The chances of being unsatisfied were higher among those without a spouse (OR=1.23), longer teaching time (OR=1.19), difficulty with remote activities (OR=37.60), without possession of a computer (OR=1.40), smokers (OR=1.27), using alcoholic beverages (OR=1.54), sedentary (OR=1.22) and absent leisure activities (OR=1.49). The changes caused in the educational system in the face of the pandemic impacted the teacher's routine, contributing to the dissatisfaction with the work of this professional.

O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a prevalência e fatores associados à insatisfação com o trabalho docente entre professores(as) da rede pública estadual de educação básica do estado de Minas Gerais durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Inquérito epidemiológico do tipo websurveys, realizado com esses(as) professores(as) entre agosto e setembro de 2020 via formulário digital. A variável dependente foi a satisfação com o trabalho durante a pandemia, sendo os(as) satisfeitos(as) a categoria de referência. Foi utilizada a Regressão Logística Multinomial. Participaram do estudo 15.641 professores(as) de 795 municípios. Em relação a satisfação com o trabalho, 21,6% estavam satisfeitos(as), 44,7% indiferentes e 33,7% insatisfeitos(as). As chances de estarem insatisfeitos(as) foram maiores entre aqueles(as) sem cônjuge (OR=1,23), maior tempo de docência (OR=1,19), dificuldade com atividades remotas (OR=37,60), sem posse de computador (OR=1,40), tabagistas (OR=1,27), em uso de bebida alcoólica (OR=1,54), sedentários(as) (OR=1,22) e atividade de lazer ausente (OR=1,49). As mudanças causadas no sistema educacional diante da pandemia impactaram a rotina do(a) professor(a), contribuindo para a insatisfação com o trabalho deste(a) profissional.

Quality of life and adiposity in adolescents: direct and indirect effects. / Qualidade de vida e adiposidade em adolescentes: efeitos diretos e indiretos.

This paper aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of adiposity and factors related to adolescents' quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study with 635 adolescents (10-16 years) from public schools in Montes Claros-MG, Brazil. Anthropometric data, physical activity (PA), inadequate dietary habits, body image, and quality of life (QoL) of adolescents were collected. A structural equation modeling was performed. The variables addressed as constructs were adiposity and inadequate dietary habits, the exploratory variables were PA and body image, and the outcome variable was QoL. The total effect of PA-mediated adiposity on QoL was positive and significant (ß=0.213; p<0.05), in contrast to the total effect mediated by inadequate dietary habits on QoL, which was negative and significant (ß=-0.150; p<0.05). The direct effect of PA on QoL was positive and significant (ß=0.209; p<0.001). No body image-related effects were observed. The effects of adiposity on adolescents' QoL tend to improve when mediated by PA, and they worsen when mediated by inadequate dietary habits. The effects of PA tend to improve the QoL of adolescents.

Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da adiposidade e de fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida de adolescentes. Estudo transversal realizado com 635 adolescentes (10 a 16 anos), de escolas públicas da cidade de Montes Claros-MG. Coletaram-se dados antropométricos, de atividade física (AF), hábitos alimentares inadequados, imagem corporal e qualidade de vida (QV) dos adolescentes. Foi realizada a modelagem com equações estruturais. As variáveis tratadas como construto foram adiposidade e hábitos alimentares inadequados, as variáveis exploratórias foram AF e imagem corporal; a variável desfecho, QV. O efeito total da adiposidade mediada pela AF sobre a QV foi positivo e significativo (ß=0,213; p<0,05), em contraste com o efeito total mediado pelos hábitos alimentares inadequados sobre a QV, que foi negativo e significativo (ß=-0,150; p<0,05). O efeito direto da AF sobre a QV foi positivo e significativo (ß=0,209; p<0,001). Não se observou efeitos relacionados à imagem corporal. Os efeitos da adiposidade tendem a melhorar a QV dos adolescentes, quando mediados pela prática de AF e a piorá-la, quando mediados pelos hábitos alimentares inadequados; os efeitos da AF tendem a melhorar a QV dos adolescentes.

Health-related habits among community health workers in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2018. / Hábitos relacionados à saúde entre agentes comunitários de saúde de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais: estudo transversal, 2018.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the health-related habits of community health workers (CHW). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2018. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, labor and lifestyle characteristics were evaluated. Poisson regression was applied to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of unhealthy habits according to independent variables. RESULTS: 675 CHW participated. Regarding their health profile, 60.8% were overweight, 83.0% reported low fruit consumption and 58.1% reported low greens and vegetable consumption. Physical inactivity was reported by 26.2%. 7.1% stated they were smokers were 37.6% drank alcoholic beverages. Inadequate health habits were higher among males (PR=1.24 - 95%CI 1.05;1.45), younger workers (PR=1.19 - 95%CI 1.01;1.40) and workers without a religion (PR=1.23 - 95%CI 1.04;1.45). CONCLUSION: There was relevant prevalence of inadequate health habits among community health workers, associated with sociodemographic factors.

[Psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test in students in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil]. / Propriedades psicométricas do Internet Addiction Test em estudantes de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

The study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in students. The methodological study population consisted of secondary and university students from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The following parameters were assessed: psychometric sensitivity, construct validity (factor, convergent, discriminant, and test of hypothesis), criterion validity (concurrent), and reliability (internal consistency and reproducibility). A total of 2,519 students participated, 29.6% of whom were secondary school enrollees. A three-factor measurement model was adjusted ("emotional and cognitive preoccupation with the Internet", "problems in managing time", and "performance problems"), which obtained satisfactory adequacy indices and stable structure in the independent subsamples. Convergent validity was close to the recommended level (mean extracted variation = 0.32, 0.41, and 0.45 and compound reliability values = 0.84, 0.81, and 0.71), and discriminant and concurrent validities were adequate. Internal consistency was adequate (alpha = 0.906), as was reproducibility (kappa = 0.73 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.90). The Portuguese-language version of the IAT presented satisfactory levels of validity, reliability, and stability in independent samples of students.

O objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão traduzida para o português do Internet Addiction Test (IAT) em estudantes. Estudo metodológico, cuja população foi constituída por estudantes dos ensinos Médio e Superior de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliadas sensibilidade psicométrica, validade de construto (fatorial, convergente, discriminante e teste de hipótese), validade de critério (concorrente) e confiabilidade (consistência interna e reprodutibilidade). Participaram 2.519 estudantes, sendo 29,6% do Ensino Médio. Foi ajustado um modelo de medida trifatorial - "preocupação emocional e cognitiva com a Internet", "problemas de gerenciamento de tempo" e "problemas de desempenho" -, o qual obteve índices satisfatórios de adequação e estrutura estável nas subamostras independentes. A validade convergente foi próxima ao recomendado (variância extraída média = 0,32, 0,41 e 0,45 e valores de confiabilidade composta iguais 0,84, 0,81 e 0,71); as validades discriminante e concorrente foram adequadas. Foram igualmente adequadas a consistência interna (alfa = 0,906) e a reprodutibilidade (kappa = 0,73 e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,90). A versão traduzida para o português do IAT apresentou níveis satisfatórios de validade, confiabilidade e estabilidade em amostras independentes de estudantes.

El objetivo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión traducida al portugués del Internet Addiction Test (IAT) en estudiantes. Estudio metodológico, cuya población estuvo constituida por estudiantes de enseñanza media y superior de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se evaluaron: sensibilidad psicométrica, validez del constructo (factorial, convergente, discriminante y test de hipótesis), validez de criterio (concurrente) y confiabilidad (consistencia interna y reproducibilidad). Participaron 2.519 estudiantes, siendo un 29,6% de enseñanza media. Se ajustó un modelo de medida trifactorial: "preocupación emocional y cognitiva con Internet", "problemas de gestión de tiempo" y "problemas de desempeño", con el que se obtuvieron índices satisfactorios de adecuación y estructura estable en las submuestras independientes. La validez convergente estuvo cercana a lo recomendado (variancia extraída media = 0,32, 0,41 y 0,45 y valores de confiabilidad compuesta = 0,84, 0,81 y 0,71), la validez, tanto discriminante como concurrente, fueron adecuadas. La consistencia interna fue adecuada (alfa = 0,906), así como la reproducibilidad (kappa = 0,73 y coeficiente de correlación intraclase = 0,90). La versión traducida al portugués del IAT presentó niveles satisfactorios de validez, confiabilidad y estabilidad en muestras independientes de estudiantes.

Analysis of the interrelationships between factors influencing blood pressure in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interrelationships between sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors associated with high blood pressure in a population of Brazilian adults. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with adults were used. In the hypothetical model developed socioeconomic status, fruit and vegetable intake, adiposity and blood pressure were treated as latent variables and age, gender, glycemia, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and control of arterial hypertension were considered observed variables. Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to construct the latent variables measurement models and the structural equation modeling was used to adjust the final model. RESULTS: The study included 808 individuals, with mean age of 44.2 years (± 17.8), 52.7% being female. It verified that age exerted a positive direct effect on blood pressure (ß = 0.39), adiposity (ß = 0.44), glycemia (ß = 0.26) and smoking (ß = 0.30). Age had a negative direct effect on physical activity (ß=-0.17) and alcohol consumption (ß = -0.10). Males were positively associated with blood pressure (ß = 0.13), smoking (ß = 0.28; p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (ß = 0.18). Adiposity had a positive direct effect on blood pressure (ß = 0.23) and glycemia (ß = 0.16) and alcohol consumption produced a positive effect (ß = 0.09) on adiposity. Fruit and vegetable intake had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (ß = -0.11), while socioeconomic status had a positive direct effect on fruit and vegetable consumption (ß = 0.47). We adjusted the structural model according to the variable medical control of arterial hypertension, which had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (ß = -0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that increasing age is associated with increased blood pressure, adiposity, glycemia and smoking, as well as with reduced physical activity and alcohol consumption. Males were associated with increased blood pressure and greater use of alcohol and cigarettes. Higher adiposity indicators were correlated with increased blood pressure and glycemic levels; higher alcohol consumption was associated with increased adiposity. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as active control of hypertension were associated with reduced blood pressure. Better socioeconomic status was associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Influence of socioeconomic status, age, body fat, and depressive symptoms on evel of physical activity in adults: a path analysis. / Influência do nível socioeconômico, idade, gordura corporal e sintomas depressivos na frequência de atividade física em adultos: uma análise de caminhos.

Physical activity is a complex behavior influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors. A better understanding of the relationships between these factors is essential to better understanding their influence on physical activity. The objective of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic status, age, body fat, and depressive symptoms and level of physical activity among adults. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with 808 individuals to examine the interrelations between the above factors and their influence on level of physical activity using path analysis. Age had a significant direct negative effect on level of physical activity (ß = -0.113, p < 0.004) and a significant positive effect on body fat (ß = 0.376, p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were negatively influenced by socioeconomic status (ß = -0.126, p < 0.001) and positively influenced by age (ß = 0.244, p < 0.001) and body fat (ß = 0.169; p < 0.004). Socioeconomic status, body fat and depressive symptoms did not directly influence level of physical activity. This study concludes that level of physical activity declines with advancing age.

A atividade física é um comportamento complexo e influenciado por variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. A melhor compreensão desses fatores possibilita considerar a associação deles com a atividade física. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os efeitos do nível socioeconômico, idade, gordura corporal e sintomas depressivos na frequência de atividade física entre adultos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido com 808 indivíduos. Foram avaliadas as inter-relações entre as variáveis nível socioeconômico, idade, gordura corporal e sintomas depressivos no nível de atividade física total, por meio da técnica "path analysis". Observou-se efeito direto negativo e significativo da idade (ß = -0,113; p < 0,004) nos níveis de atividade física. A idade (ß = 0,376; p < 0,001) influenciou a gordura corporal, com efeito positivo e significativo. Os sintomas de depressão foram influenciados negativamente pelo nível socioeconômico (ß = -0,126; p < 0,001) e positivamente pela idade (ß = 0,244; p < 0,001) e gordura corporal (ß = 0,169; p < 0,004). O nível socioeconômico, a gordura corporal e os sintomas depressivos não influenciaram diretamente os níveis de atividade física. Concluindo, os resultados mostraram que o avançar da idade contribui para a redução da prática de atividade física.

Dyslipidemia prevalence in adolescents in public schools.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents enrolled in the state public education system of the city of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, and compare to a Brazilian population-based study. METHOD: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study with a population of 77,833 students from 63 schools, representing four geographic areas of the city. After a sample calculation, information on 635 adolescents from 10 to 16 years of age was assessed and blood collection was conducted for the analysis of biochemical parameters of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and HDL-c. RESULTS: Among the adolescents, 26.8% showed high levels of total cholesterol, 15.7% of triglycerides, and 6.5% of LDL-c, and 40.8% had low HDL-c levels. CONCLUSION: Except for HDL-c levels, dyslipidemia prevalence and means in adolescents from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, were above the levels found in the Brazilian population-based study used as parameter.

Common mental disorders in nursing technicians of a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in nursing technicians. METHOD: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a university hospital. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, educational and work-related variables and the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 were used to verify the presence of common mental disorders. Association analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: 280 nursing technicians participated in the study. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 46.9%. The variables family income (p=0.021) and working exclusively in health area (p<0.001) were associated with the outcome. There was a higher prevalence of CMD among individuals with a family income below four minimum wages (PR=1.41) and among professionals who worked exclusively in the health area (PR=1.95). CONCLUSION: Approximately half of the nursing technicians of the university hospital presented common mental disorders, which were associated with economic and work-related variables.

Perception of body image and nutritional status in adolescents of public schools.

OBJECTIVE: To assess body image dissatisfaction among adolescents from Northern Minas Gerais. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents of both sexes, enrolled in the sixth to ninth year in the municipal public education network. A questionnaire was used, composed of sociodemographic and body image variables, which was obtained through a scale of silhouette figures. The anthropometric measurements of weight and height were performed to estimate body mass index. The correlation between the classification of the body mass index and the body image of adolescents was estimated through weighted Kappa. RESULTS: A total of 535 adolescents participated, and 24.5% had different classifications between the real and ideal body image. The Kappa index for the classification of body image was 0.51, 0.58 and 0.32 for the total of adolescents, girls and boys, respectively. CONCLUSION: Public school adolescents are dissatisfied with their self-body image.

Factors associated with the lifestyle of high school students from public schools. / Fatores associados ao estilo de vida de estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas.

OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to assess the factors associated with the lifestyle of high school students from public schools. METHOD: Cross-sectional and analytical study, in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. 819 high school students from state public schools participated in 2016/2017. A questionnaire was used that included sociodemographic, school variables, self-perception of quality of life, depressive symptoms, Internet addiction and lifestyle. The Chances Ratio was used, through Logistic Regression. RESULTS: Among the participants, 92.2% had a desirable lifestyle, with a mean score of 70.75 points (±11.60). In the multiple analysis, the variables self-perception of quality of life (p= 0.005), depressive symptoms (p<0.001) and Internet addiction (p=0.007) remained associated with lifestyle. CONCLUSION: The improvement of the quality of life, emotional support and education regarding the adequate use of the Internet should be addressed by the nurse in actions to promote health in the school environment.

Depressive symptoms and associated factors in pregnant women attended in primary healthcare / Síntomas depresivos y factores asociados en gestantes atendidas en atención primaria de salud / Sintomas depressivos e fatores associados em gestantes assistidas na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms in pregnant women attended in primary healthcare. Method: this is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in Montes Claros, in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variable (depressive symptoms) and independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics, social support, obstetric characteristics, sexuality and health conditions) were collected through a questionnaire and validated scales. The collection took place between October 2018 and November 2019. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple analyzes were performed through multinomial logistics regression. Results: a sample of 1,279 pregnant women was evaluated. The estimated prevalence of moderate and serious depressive symptoms was 16.2% and 25.2%, respectively. Low social support (p<0.001), low sexual performance (p = 0.002) and a high level of perceived stress (p<0.001) were factors associated with moderate depressive symptoms. First gestational trimester (p = 0.006), low social support (p<0.001), low sexual performance (p<0.001) and a high level of perceived stress (p<0.001) were factors associated with serious depressive symptoms. Conclusion: the prevalence of moderate and serious depressive symptoms in pregnant women attended in primary healthcare was considerable. Factors related to social support, gestational quarter (first quarter), sexuality and perceived stress showed association with these symptoms. Caution and the promotion of mental health is necessary for pregnant women in this scenario.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia y factores asociados a síntomas depresivos en gestantes atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, transversal y analítico, realizado en Montes Claros, norte del estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil. La variable dependiente (síntomas depresivos) y las variables independientes (características sociodemográficas, apoyo social, características obstétricas, sexualidad y condiciones de salud) se recogieron mediante un cuestionario y escalas validadas. La recolección se realizó entre octubre de 2018 y noviembre de 2019. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples mediante Regresión Logística Multinomial. Resultados: se evaluó una muestra de 1279 gestantes. Las prevalencias estimadas de síntomas depresivos moderados y graves fueron del 16,2% y el 25,2%, respectivamente. El bajo apoyo social (p<0,001), el bajo rendimiento sexual (p=0,002) y el alto nivel de estrés percibido (p<0,001) fueron factores asociados con síntomas depresivos moderados. El primer trimestre del embarazo (p=0,006), el bajo apoyo social (p<0,001), el bajo rendimiento sexual (p<0,001) y el alto nivel de estrés percibido (p<0,001) fueron factores asociados con síntomas depresivos severos. Conclusión: la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos moderados y graves en gestantes atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud fue considerable. Factores relacionados con el apoyo social, el trimestre gestacional (primer trimestre), la sexualidad y el estrés percibido se asociaron con estos síntomas. En este escenario, es necesaria una mayor atención a las mujeres embarazadas y la promoción de la salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em gestantes assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado em Montes Claros, norte do estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil. A variável dependente (sintomas depressivos) e as variáveis independentes (características sociodemográficas, apoio social, características obstétricas, sexualidade e condições de saúde) foram coletadas por meio de questionário e escalas validadas. A coleta ocorreu entre outubro de 2018 e novembro de 2019. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, bivariada e múltipla mediante Regressão Logística Multinomial. Resultados: avaliou-se amostra de 1279 gestantes. As prevalências estimadas de sintomas depressivos moderados e graves foram de 16,2% e 25,2%, respectivamente. Baixo apoio social (p<0,001), baixo desempenho sexual (p=0,002) e elevado nível de estresse percebido (p<0,001) foram fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos moderados. Primeiro trimestre gestacional (p=0,006), baixo apoio social (p<0,001), baixo desempenho sexual (p<0,001) e elevado nível de estresse percebido (p<0,001) foram fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos graves. Conclusão: as prevalências de sintomas depressivos moderados e graves em gestantes assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde foram consideráveis. Fatores relativos ao apoio social, ao trimestre gestacional (primeiro trimestre), à sexualidade e ao estresse percebido apresentaram associação a esses sintomas. Nesse cenário, fazem-se necessários o cuidado ampliado às gestantes e a promoção da saúde mental.

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND POSTNATAL FACTORS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN BRAZIL.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the magnitude of the association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and postnatal factors in a Brazilian population. METHODS: A case-control study was performed with 253 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 886 individuals without signs of the disorder. A semi-structured questionnaire and the multiple logistic regression model were adopted in the data analysis. To estimate the magnitude of associations, the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) was used. RESULTS: An association with the following factors was found: having been born with congenital malformation (OR 4.24; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 1.92-9.34), neonatal jaundice (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.01-2.02), absence of crying at birth and seizure episode in childhood (OR 5.75; 95%CI 3.37-9.81). The magnitude of the association was higher in the children/adolescents who had two or more postnatal complications (OR 6.39; 95%CI 4.10-10.00). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that malformation, neonatal jaundice, absence of crying at birth and seizure episodes in childhood are important factors to be considered when studying the etiology of ASD.

Analysis of incidents notified in a general hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidents spontaneously notified in a general hospital in Minas Gerais. METHOD: Retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study performed at a general hospital in Montes Claros - Minas Gerais State. The sample comprised 1,316 incidents reported from 2011 to 2014. The data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of incidents was 33.8 per 1,000 hospitalizations, with an increase during the investigation period and higher frequency in hospitalization units, emergency room and surgical center. These occurred mostly with adult clients and relative to the medication supply chain. The main causes were noncompliance with routines/protocols, necessitating changes in routines and training. CONCLUSION: There was a considerable prevalence of incidents and increase in notifications during the period investigated, which requires the attention of managers and hospital staff. Nevertheless, we observed development of the patient safety culture.

Pressão arterial elevada e fatores associados em adolescentes escolares / High blood pressure and associated factors in adolescent students

A literatura tem registrado um percentual crescente de adolescentes com hipertensão arterial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de pressão arterial elevada (PAE) e identificar fatores associados entre adolescentes escolares. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com amostra representativa de adolescentes de escolas públicas no norte de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados instrumentos validados abrangendo fatores demográficos, hábitos alimentares e atividade física. Além da Pressão Arterial, foram aferidos dados de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e medidas de gordura visceral, percentual de gordura geral e índice de massa corpórea - IMC. Após análise bivariada, as variáveis associadas até o nível de 20% (p ≤ 0,20) foram analisadas por meio de regressão logística, assumindo-se assumido para o modelo final o nível de significância de 5%. Participaram da pesquisa 880 adolescentes, com ligeiro predomínio do sexo feminino. A prevalência de PAE foi 16,9%. As variáveis que se mostram associadas com a PAE, após análise de regressão logística, foram: IMC elevado (OR=1,96; IC95%=1,32-2,89) e sexo masculino (OR=1,45; IC95%=1,01-2,07). Nenhuma variável comportamental ou relacionada à aptidão física se mostrou associada. A PAE tem grande prevalência entre adolescente escolares e está associada ao excesso de peso e ao sexo masculino.

The literature has registered a growing percentage of adolescents with arterial hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and identify associated factors among adolescent students. This is a cross-sectional study, with a representative sample of adolescents from public schools in the north of Minas Gerais. Validated instruments covering demographic factors, eating habits and physical activity were used. In addition to blood pressure, data on cardiorespiratory fitness and measurements of visceral fat, overall fat percentage, and body mass index - BMI were collected. After bivariate analysis, the associated variables up to the level of 20% (p ≤ 0.20) were analyzed using logistic regression, assuming a significance level of 5% for the final model. 880 adolescents participated in the study, with a slight predominance of females. The prevalence of HBP was 16.9%. The variables shown to be associated with HBP, after logistic regression analysis, were: high BMI (OR=1.96; 95%CI=1.32-2.89) and male gender (OR=1.45; 95%CI =1.01-2.07). No behavioral or physical fitness-related variables were associated. HBP has a high prevalence among adolescent students and is associated with being overweight and being male.

Factors associated to the dependence of older adults with diabetes mellitus type 2.

OBJECTIVE: to identify factors associated to the dependence of older adults with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Method: analytical and epidemiological study with 99 older adults. The Brazilian Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire and a questionnaire composed by socio-demographic and clinical variables were used. The independent variables were described and compared to the level of dependence obtained by the chi-square test or the Fisher test, the strength of association was estimated by Odds Ratio and multiple regression. RESULTS: the level of dependence prevailed in 79.8% of the sample. Higher chances of dependence were associated to: cutting toenails; performing household chores; presenting geriatric problems; urinary incontinence; time of diagnosis of diabetes; falls in the past year; and physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: considering the positive association of diabetes mellitus to the increased chance of dependence among older adults, there is need for direction and adoption of effective measures to ensure the functionality and quality of life of older adults with diabetes mellitus in a fair and democratic way.