Relationship between iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake in pregnant and lactating women: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the iodine knowledge of pregnant and lactating women and the relationship to dietary iodine intake and iodine status. The factors influencing iodine intake were analysed. DESIGN: Basic information and iodine knowledge were collected via a questionnaire. A FFQ assessed dietary iodine intake. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometric determination of iodine in urine (WS/T 107 -2016). SETTING: A cross-sectional study involving pregnant and lactating women in Xinjiang, China was conducted. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1181 pregnant women and 504 lactating women were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: The median UIC for pregnant and lactating women was 179·27 and 192·81 µg/l, respectively, and the dietary iodine intake was 407·16 and 356·89 µg/d, respectively. Of the pregnant and lactating women, 73·4 % and 82·5 % had medium iodine knowledge, respectively. In pregnant women, iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake were positively correlated. High iodine knowledge and iodine education were shown to be protective factors for excessive iodine intake in pregnant women. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the iodine nutritional status of women in Xinjiang was appropriate, and iodine knowledge was at a medium level, but there was confusion about iodine nutrition. Public education is needed to improve iodine knowledge and active iodine supplementation awareness among these populations of women.

High-frequency mutation and recombination are responsible for the emergence of novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in northwest China.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most highly infectious diseases in the pig industry, resulting in enormous economic losses worldwide. In this study, a PRRS virus (PRRSV) strain was isolated from primary porcine alveolar macrophage cells in Xinjiang in northwest China. This new strain was sequenced and designated as XJzx1-2015, and its sequence was then compared to those of other representative PRRSV strains from around the world. Complete genomic characterisation showed that the full-length nucleotide sequence of XJzx1-2015 exhibited low-level similarity to NB/04 (91.6%), JXA1 (90.5%), CH-1a (90.2%), VR-2332 (86.9%), QYYZ (85.7%), and JL580 (82.2%), with the highest similarity to HK13 (91.7%) sequence identity. Nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) and glycosylated protein (GP) 2 of XJzx1-2015 had deletions of five and two amino acids, respectively, corresponding to strain VR-2332 positions 475-479 and 173-174. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequences showed that XJzx1-2015 and four other strains from China formed a new subgenotype closely related to other sublineage 8.7 (JXA1-like) strains belonging to the North American genotype. However, phylogenetic analysis based on NSP2 and GP5 showed that XJzx1-2015 clustered with sublineage 8.7 (JXA1-like, CH-1a-like) and lineage 3 (QYYZ-like) strains, respectively. Recombination analysis indicated that XJzx1-2015 is an intersubgenotype recombinant of CH-1a-like and QYYZ-like strains. Overall, our findings demonstrate that XJzx1-2015 is a novel PRRSV strain with a significantly high frequency of mutation and a recombinant between lineage 3 and sublineage 8.7 identified in northwest China. These results provide important insights into PRRSV evolution.

Sciatic foramen anatomy and common pathologies: a pictorial review.

This article reviews the relevant anatomy, imaging features on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and management of common processes involving the sciatic foramen. The anatomy of the sciatic foramen is complex and provides an important conduit between the pelvis, gluteus, and lower extremity. This paper reviewed the anatomy, common pathologies, and imaging features of this region including trauma, infection, nerve entrapment, tumor spread, hernia, and vascular anomaly.