Reduction of Inappropriate Antibiotic Use and Improved Outcomes by Implementation of an Algorithm-Based Clinical Guideline for Nonpurulent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Clinicians currently do not reliably adhere to antibiotic treatment guidelines, resulting in unnecessary patient exposure to broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Our objective is to determine whether a treatment intervention for the management of nonpurulent skin and soft tissue infections increases clinician adherence and improves patient outcomes. METHODS: Between January 1 and December 31, 2017, patients presenting to 2 emergency departments (EDs) and who had received a diagnosis of a nonpurulent skin and soft tissue infection were enrolled and assigned to a pre- or postintervention cohort with a treatment intervention implemented on June 1. Primary outcomes were percentage of ED providers following the guidelines and percentage of patients admitted to the hospital. Secondary outcomes were patient self-reported treatment failure and hospital readmission. RESULTS: There were 1,360 patients, 665 in the preintervention and 695 in the postintervention cohorts. After algorithm implementation, guideline adherence increased (43.0% versus 55.1%; P<.001) and number of patients admitted to the hospital declined (36.5% versus 12.0%; P<.001). In addition, patients reported fewer treatment failures (26.8% versus 16.5%; P=.02) and fewer readmissions (22.3% versus 12.7%; P=.013). After multivariate adjustment, guideline adherence increased by 22% (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 1.37), whereas hospital admissions were reduced by 26% (adjusted RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.87). In addition, the risks of treatment failure and readmission were reduced by 46% (adjusted RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97) and 45% (adjusted RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.87), respectively. CONCLUSION: Among patients with a nonpurulent skin and soft tissue infection, implementing an easy-to-follow treatment algorithm can reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure by increasing clinician guideline adherence while reducing patient treatment failure rates.

A personalized approach empowering successful aging: Patient perspective on fall prevention education.

BACKGROUND: Falls are the leading cause of fatal injury, and the most common cause of nonfatal trauma, among older adults. However, patient perspectives on preferences for obtaining fall education are not well reported. OBJECTIVE: To identify components of successful fall prevention education. DESIGN: Prospective qualitative study. SETTING: Tertiary care center; institutional. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 65 years or older with a history of falls who received services from inpatient trauma or outpatient geriatric services. INTERVENTIONS: One-hour face-to-face semistructured interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Semistructured interviews sought to determine participants' history of fall education and perceived strengths and weaknesses of various formats of fall education. RESULTS: Nearly all participants (9/10) indicated they had not received fall prevention education of any kind. Many participants (6/10) reported that, despite not receiving any formal education about falls, they had either given or received information about falls from other older adults in their communities. Participants indicated that framing fall education as a part of healthy aging would be more desirable and mentioned involving participants' families as part of the education. The majority of participants (7/10) suggested fall education be delivered through in-person discussion with providers, and most (9/10) indicated this would provide a personalized approach with opportunity for questions. Participants specified fall education should consist of both environmental modifications (5/10) and awareness of one's surroundings (4/10). CONCLUSIONS: Despite histories of falls, nearly all participants reported they had not received formal fall education. However, many indicated they received fall information informally through their communities. Participants agreed successful fall prevention education would be delivered in an empowering way by a trusted member of the care team.

The Rose-Colored Glasses of Geriatric Fall Patients: Inconsistencies Between Knowledge of Risk Factors for and Actual Causes of Falls.

BACKGROUND: Falls are the leading cause of fatal injury, and most common cause of non-fatal trauma, among older adults. We sought to elicit older patient's perspectives on fall risks for the general population as well as contributions to any personal falls to identify opportunities to improve fall education. METHODS: Ten patients with a history of falls from inpatient trauma and outpatient geriatric services were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed independently by five individuals using triangulation and constant comparison (NVivo11, QSR International) to compare fall risks to fall causes. RESULTS: All patients reported that either they (9/10 participants) or someone they knew (8/10) had fallen. Despite this, only two personally worried about falling. Patient perceptions of fall risks fell into seven major themes: physiologic decline (8/10); underestimating limitations (7/10); environmental hazards (7/10), lack of awareness/rushing (4/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (3/10); positional transitions (2/10), and improper footwear (1/10). In contrast, the most commonly reported causes of personal falls were lack of awareness/rushing (7/10), environmental hazards (3/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (2/10), improper footwear (2/10), physiologic decline (2/10), underestimating limitations (1/10) and positional transitions (1/10). In general tended to attribute their own falls to their surroundings and were less likely to attribute physical or psychological limitations. CONCLUSION: Despite participants identifying falls as a serious problem, they were unlikely to worry about falling themselves. Participants were able to identify common fall risks. However, when speaking about personal experience, they were more likely to blame environmental hazards or rushing, and minimized the role of physiologic decline and personal limitations.