Modulating PCGF4/BMI1 Stability Is an Efficient Metastasis-Regulatory Strategy Used by Distinct Subtypes of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant neoplasm prone to metastasis. Whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect the metastasis of ICC is unclear. Herein, ICC patient-derived CAF lines and related cancerous cell lines were established and the effects of CAFs on the tumor progressive properties of the ICC cancerous cells were analyzed. CAFs could be classified into cancer-restraining or cancer-promoting categories based on distinct tumorigenic effects. The RNA-sequencing analyses of ICC cancerous cell lines identified polycomb group ring finger 4 (PCGF4; alias BMI1) as a potential metastasis regulator. The changes of PCGF4 levels in ICC cells mirrored the restraining or promoting effects of CAFs on ICC migration. Immunohistochemical analyses on the ICC tissue microarrays indicated that PCGF4 was negatively correlated with overall survival of ICC. The promoting effects of PCGF4 on cell migration, drug resistance activity, and stemness properties were confirmed. Mechanistically, cancer-restraining CAFs triggered the proteasome-dependent degradation of PCGF4, whereas cancer-promoting CAFs enhanced the stability of PCGF4 via activating the IL-6/phosphorylated STAT3 pathway. In summary, the current data identified the role of CAFs in ICC metastasis and revealed a new mechanism of the CAFs on ICC progression in which PCGF4 acted as the key effector by both categories of CAFs. These findings shed light on developing comprehensive therapeutic strategies for ICC.

The highest-elevation frog provides insights into mechanisms and evolution of defenses against high UV radiation.

Defense against ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is essential for survival, especially in high-elevation species. Although some specific genes involved in UV response have been reported, the full view of UV defense mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Herein, we used integrated approaches to analyze UV responses in the highest-elevation frog, Nanorana parkeri. We show less damage and more efficient antioxidant activity in skin of this frog than those of its lower-elevation relatives after UV exposure. We also reveal genes related to UV defense and a corresponding temporal expression pattern in N. parkeri. Genomic and metabolomic analysis along with large-scale transcriptomic profiling revealed a time-dependent coordinated defense mechanism in N. parkeri. We also identified several microRNAs that play important regulatory roles, especially in decreasing the expression levels of cell cycle genes. Moreover, multiple defense genes (i.e., TYR for melanogenesis) exhibit positive selection with function-enhancing substitutions. Thus, both expression shifts and gene mutations contribute to UV adaptation in N. parkeri. Our work demonstrates a genetic framework for evolution of UV defense in a natural environment.

Fast Metabolic Glycan Labeling for Click-Labeling and Imaging of Sialoglycans in Living Acute Brain Slices from Mice and Human Patients.

Living acute brain slices provide a practical platform for imaging sialylation in human brain pathology. However, the limited lifespan of acute brain slices has impeded the use of metabolic glycan labeling (MGL), which requires long-term incubation of clickable unnatural sugars such as N-azidoacetylmannosamine (ManNAz) to metabolically incorporate azides into sialoglycans. Here, we report a fast variant of MGL (fMGL), in which ManNAz-6-phosphate enables efficient azidosugar incorporation within 12 h by bypassing the bottleneck step in the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway, followed by click-labeling with fluorophores and imaging of sialoglycans in acute brain slices from mice and human patients. In the clinical samples of ganglioglioma, fMGL-based imaging reveals specific upregulation of sialylation in astrocyte-like but not neuron-like tumor cells. In addition, fMGL is integrated with click-expansion microscopy for high-resolution imaging of sialoglycans in brain slices. The fMGL strategy should find broad applications in the tissue imaging of glycans and surgical pathology.

Click-ExM enables expansion microscopy for all biomolecules.

Expansion microscopy (ExM) allows super-resolution imaging on conventional fluorescence microscopes, but has been limited to proteins and nucleic acids. Here we develop click-ExM, which integrates click labeling into ExM to enable a 'one-stop-shop' method for nanoscale imaging of various types of biomolecule. By click labeling with biotin and staining with fluorescently labeled streptavidin, a large range of biomolecules can be imaged by the standard ExM procedure normally used for proteins. Using 18 clickable labels, we demonstrate click-ExM on lipids, glycans, proteins, DNA, RNA and small molecules. We demonstrate that click-ExM is applicable in cell culture systems and for tissue imaging. We further show that click-ExM is compatible with signal-amplification techniques and two-color imaging. Click-ExM thus provides a convenient and versatile method for super-resolution imaging, which may be routinely used for cell and tissue samples.

Net greenhouse gas balance in U.S. croplands: How can soils be part of the climate solution?

Agricultural soils play a dual role in regulating the Earth's climate by releasing or sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and emitting non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2 O) and methane (CH4 ). To understand how agricultural soils can play a role in climate solutions requires a comprehensive assessment of net soil GHG balance (i.e., sum of SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions) and the underlying controls. Herein, we used a model-data integration approach to understand and quantify how natural and anthropogenic factors have affected the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of the net soil GHG balance in U.S. croplands during 1960-2018. Specifically, we used the dynamic land ecosystem model for regional simulations and used field observations of SOC sequestration rates and N2 O and CH4 emissions to calibrate, validate, and corroborate model simulations. Results show that U.S. agricultural soils sequestered 13.2 ± 1.16 $$ 13.2\pm 1.16 $$ Tg CO2 -C year-1 in SOC (at a depth of 3.5 m) during 1960-2018 and emitted 0.39 ± 0.02 $$ 0.39\pm 0.02 $$ Tg N2 O-N year-1 and 0.21 ± 0.01 $$ 0.21\pm 0.01 $$ Tg CH4 -C year-1 , respectively. Based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100-year time horizon), the estimated national net GHG emission rate from agricultural soils was 122.3 ± 11.46 $$ 122.3\pm 11.46 $$ Tg CO2 -eq year-1 , with the largest contribution from N2 O emissions. The sequestered SOC offset ~28% of the climate-warming effects resulting from non-CO2 GHG emissions, and this offsetting effect increased over time. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use was the dominant factor contributing to the increase in net GHG emissions during 1960-2018, explaining ~47% of total changes. In contrast, reduced cropland area, the adoption of agricultural conservation practices (e.g., reduced tillage), and rising atmospheric CO2 levels attenuated net GHG emissions from U.S. croplands. Improving management practices to mitigate N2 O emissions represents the biggest opportunity for achieving net-zero emissions in U.S. croplands. Our study highlights the importance of concurrently quantifying SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions for developing effective agricultural climate change mitigation measures.

The impact of PET/CT and brain MRI for metastasis detection among patients with clinical T1-category lung cancer: Findings from a large-scale cohort study.

PURPOSE: [18F]-FDG PET/CT and brain MRI are common approaches to detect metastasis in patients of lung cancer. Current guidelines for the use of PET/CT and MRI in clinical T1-category lung cancer lack risk-based stratification and require optimization. This study stratified patients based on metastatic risk in terms of the lesions' size and morphological characteristics. METHODS: The detection rate of metastasis was measured in different sizes and morphological characteristics (solid and sub-solid) of tumors. To confirm the cut-off value for discriminating metastasis and overall survival (OS) prediction, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed based on PET/CT metabolic parameters (SUVmax/SUVmean/SULpeak/MTV/TLG), followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis for survival in post-operation patients with and without PET/CT plus MRI. RESULTS: 2,298 patients were included. No metastasis was observed in patients with solid nodules < 8.0 mm and sub-solid nodules < 10.0 mm. The cut-off of PET/CT metabolic parameters on discriminating metastasis were 1.09 (SUVmax), 0.26 (SUVmean), 0.31 (SULpeak), 0.55 (MTV), and 0.81 (TLG), respectively. Patients undergoing PET/CT plus MRI exhibited longer OS compared to those who did not receive it in solid nodules ≥ 8.0 mm & sub-solid nodules ≥ 10.0 mm (HR, 0.44; p < 0.001); in solid nodules ≥ 8.0 mm (HR, 0.12; p<0.001) and in sub-solid nodules ≥ 10.0 mm (HR; 0.61; p=0.075), respectively. Compared to patients with metabolic parameters lower than cut-off values, patients with higher metabolic parameters displayed shorter OS: SUVmax (HR, 12.94; p < 0.001), SUVmean (HR, 11.33; p <0.001), SULpeak (HR, 9.65; p < 0.001), MTV (HR, 9.16; p = 0.031), and TLG (HR, 12.06; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The necessity of PET/CT and MRI should be cautiously evaluated in patients with solid nodules < 8.0 mm and sub-solid nodules < 10.0 mm, however, these examinations remained essential and beneficial for patients with solid nodules ≥ 8.0 mm and sub-solid nodules ≥ 10.0 mm.

Effect of Treatment with Microarc Oxidation Technology on Tribological Properties of Nonvalve Metal Low-Carbon Steel.

Steel is one of the most widely used alloys because of its excellent properties such as high toughness, good workability, and low cost. However, steel has weak wear resistance, which limits its range of applications and service life. We have used the microarc oxidation (MAO) technique to form an Al2O3 ceramic coating on the surface of nonvalve metal low-carbon steel, which is used to enhance the wear resistance of low-carbon steel. Tribological experiments have shown that the coefficient of friction is reduced by 26.9%, hardness is improved, and wear resistance is enhanced after MAO compared to the substrate. Through a series of characterizations, the wear mechanism of the MAO samples was found to be a complex friction mechanism including abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and friction oxidation. After MAO, the wear resistance of nonvalve metal low-carbon steel is improved. The use of steel can be extended and its service life can be prolonged. This innovative approach provides a viable solution for the development of low-carbon steel coatings.

Association Between VEGF-460C/T Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between VEGF-460C/T polymorphism and susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases until September 2023 to identify studies examining the association between VEGF-460C/T polymorphism and susceptibility to DR. Data process was performed by Stata 15.0 software. Eight studies were included, involving 1463 patients with DR. In the overall analysis, the difference was statistically significant only in the homozygous model (CC vs. TT: OR=1.86, p=0.048). A subgroup analysis of 6 papers with genotype frequency satisfying HWE in the control group indicated significant differences among the allele (C vs. T: OR=1.34, p=0.037), recessive (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.96, p=0.022) and homozygous (CC vs. TT: OR=2.28, p=0.015) models. However, in the dominant and heterozygous models, the difference was not statistically significant. The sensitivity of the HWE-based subgroup analysis showed that the conclusions in other gene models except the heterozygote model were not robust. This meta-analysis indicated that VEGF-460C/T gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to DR in T2DM. Allele C and genotype CC at the VEGF-460C/T locus are associated with an increased risk of DR in T2DM. However, considering that the results are not robust, more trials involving more rigorous design are needed to verify the findings of this review in the future.

RIP3 regulates doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis via FUT2-mediated α-1,2-fucosylation.

OBJECTIVE: Intestinal mucositis is one of the common side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in mucositis development remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the function of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3/RIPK3) in regulating doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis and its potential mechanisms. METHODS: Intestinal mucositis animal models were induced in mice for in vivo studies. Rat intestinal cell line IEC-6 was used for in vitro studies. RNA­seq was used to explore the transcriptomic changes in doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis. Intact glycopeptide characterization using mass spectrometry was applied to identify α-1,2-fucosylated proteins associated with mucositis. RESULTS: Doxorubicin treatment increased RIP3 expression in the intestine and caused severe intestinal mucositis in the mice, depletion of RIP3 abolished doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis. RIP3-mediated doxorubicin-induced mucositis did not depend on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) but on α-1,2-fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2)-catalyzed α-1,2-fucosylation on inflammation-related proteins. Deficiency of MLKL did not affect intestinal mucositis, whereas inhibition of α-1,2-fucosylation by 2-deoxy-D-galactose (2dGal) profoundly attenuated doxorubicin-induced inflammation and mucositis. CONCLUSIONS: RIP3-FUT2 pathway is a central node in doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis. Targeting intestinal RIP3 and/or FUT2-mediated α-1,2-fucosylation may provide potential targets for preventing chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.

Exploring the novel benefits of leucine: Protecting nitrite-induced liver damage in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through regulating mitochondria quality control.

Leucine is an essential amino acid for fish. The ability of leucine to resist stress in fish has not been reported. Nitrite is a common pollutant in the aquatic environment. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary leucine on growth performance and nitrite-induced liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis for sub-adult grass carp. A total of 450 grass carp (615.91 ± 1.15 g) were selected and randomly placed into 18 net cages. The leucine contents of the six diets were 2.91, 5.90, 8.92, 11.91, 14.93, and 17.92 g/kg, respectively. After a 9-week feeding trial, the nitrite exposure experiment was set up for 96 h. These results indicated that dietary leucine significantly promoted FW, WG, PWG, and SGR of sub-adult grass carp (P < 0.05). Appropriate levels of dietary leucine (11.91-17.92 g/kg) decreased the activities of serum parameters (glucose, cortisol, and methemoglobin contents, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase), the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). In addition, appropriate levels of dietary leucine (11.91-17.92 g/kg) increased the mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (PGC-1α, Nrf1/2, TFAM), fusion-related genes (Opa1, Mfn1/2) (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA levels of caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, fission-related gene (Drp1), mitophagy-related genes (Pink1, Parkin) and autophagy-related genes (Beclin1, Ulk1, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12) (P < 0.05). Appropriate levels of dietary leucine (8.92-17.92 g/kg) also increased the protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), prostacyclin (p62) and decreased the protein levels of protein light chain 3 (LC3), E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin), and Cytochrome c (Cytc). Appropriate levels of leucine (8.92-17.92 g/kg) could promote growth performance and alleviate nitrite-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, apoptosis for sub-adult grass carp. Based on quadratic regression analysis of PWG and serum GPT activity, dietary leucine requirements of sub-adult grass carp were recommended to be 12.47 g/kg diet and 12.55 g/kg diet, respectively.

Urodynamic analysis of the effect of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on the bladder after spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: Guanyuan (CV4), Zhongji (CV3) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) are the most frequently used acupoints for treating neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there has been no investigation to clarify the differences in effects of these acupoints in different types of neurogenic bladder. METHODS: The study was structured with a randomized, two-phase cross over design with a washout period. A routine urodynamic examination was performed first, then, in the order of grouping, electroacupuncture was performed on CV4, CV3, and SP6, respectively，and urodynamic examination was performed to observe the changes of urodynamic indexes in real time. RESULTS: When undergoing electroacupuncture at CV4, CV3, and SP6 in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (DO), the bladder volume at the first occurrence of DO and maximum cystometric capacity increased (p < 0.05), but maximum detrusor pressure (Pdetmax) at DO decreased (p < 0.05), and the changes using CV4 and CV3 was more significantly than using SP6 (p < 0.05). And in patients with in neurogenic detrusor underactivity, there were no significant changes in maximum urinary flow rate and Pdetmax during urination (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The immediate relief effect of electroacupuncture at CV4, CV3 on DO was greater than at SP6.

Ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation related genes serve as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-related modifiers, and NEDDylation are now found to function in cancer biology; however, its role in the oral cancer patients remains unclear. METHODS: A set of bioinformatic tools was integrated to analyze the expression and prognostic significance of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UB/UBL) genes. A UB/UBL-related risk score was developed via correlation analyses, univariate Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression. Nomogram analysis evaluates the model's prediction performance. The drug sensitivity analysis, immune profiles of UB/UBL-classified oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and their related function pathway were investigated, and the role of UB/UBL-related genes in drug therapy was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of six prognostic UB/UBL-related genes were obtained. PSMD3, PCGF2, and H2BC10 were significantly downregulated in OSCC tissue and associated with longer survival time. OSCC patients in the high-risk group showed a significantly lower overall survival and enriched in cancer-related pathways. The prognostic potential of genes associated with UB/UBL was discovered, and patients with high-risk scores showed an increase of protumor immune infiltrates and a high expression of immune checkpoints. Moreover, the area under the curve of the annual survival rate was 0.616, 0.671, and 0.673, respectively. Besides, patients in the high-risk group are more sensitive to docetaxel, doxorubicin, and methotrexate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: We construct a prognosis model for OSCC patients with UB/UBL-related genes and try to find a new approach to treating oral cancer patients. The UB/UBL-related signature is helpful in developing new tumor markers, prognostic prediction, and in guiding treatment for OSCC patients.

Ultrasound-triggered piezoelectric polyetheretherketone with boosted osteogenesis via regulating Akt/GSK3ß/ß-catenin pathway.

Maxillofacial bone defects can severely impact quality of life by impairing physiological functions such as chewing, breathing, swallowing, and pronunciation. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is commonly used for the repair of maxillofacial defects due to its mechanical adaptability, while its osteogenic properties still need refinement. Herein, we have utilized the piezoelectric effect exhibited by barium titanate (BTO) under low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to develop an ultrasound responsive PEEK (PDA@BTO-SPEEK, PBSP) through the mediating effect of polydopamine (PDA), for repairing maxillofacial bone defects. After modification by PDA@BTO, PBSP possesses better hydrophilicity, which is conducive to cell growth and adhesion. Simultaneously, by virtue of the piezoelectric characteristics of BTO, PBSP obtains a piezoelectric coefficient that matches the bone cortex. Notably, when PBSP is stimulated by LIPUS, it can generate stable electricity and effectively accelerate the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts through the regulation of the Piezo1-induced calcium (Ca2+) influx and Akt/GSK3ß/ß-catenin pathway. In addition, PBSP presents satisfactory therapeutic effects in rat skull defect models, and its osteogenic efficiency can be further improved under LIPUS stimulation with high tissue penetration. Collectively, PBSP + LIPUS exhibits great potential as a promising alternative strategy for the repair of maxillofacial bone defects.

Effect of Epidermoid Cysts on the Efficacy of Intralesional Corticosteroid Therapy for Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Prospective Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with hypertrophic scars (HSs) or keloids occasionally have epidermoid cysts (ECs), and the effect of ECs on the effectiveness of intralesional corticosteroids (ILCs) treatment in these patients has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the influence of ECs on the outcomes of ILCs treatment in patients with HSs or keloids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 572 patients with keloids ( n = 461) or HSs ( n = 111). Patients received intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection (0.05 mL/injection) at a concentration of 40 mg/mL and every 28 days for 4 sessions, with a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: A higher incidence of ECs was observed in keloid patients (16.92%) compared with HSs patients (7.21%). Keloid patients with ECs were older ( p = .008) and had a longer disease duration ( p = .0148), higher Vancouver scar scale (VSS) scores ( p = .04), and greater thickness ( p = .006). Keloid patients with ECs showed less improvement in VSS scores ( p < .0001) and thickness ( p < .0001) after ILCs treatment, with a higher recurrence rate ( p < .0001). The overall complication rate in keloid patients with ECs after ILCs treatment was 49.51%. CONCLUSION: Epidermoid cysts under keloids were associated with a poor response to ILCs therapy. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate ultrasonography as a routine examination for keloid patients to aid in better decision making in clinical practice.

Association of CYP7B1 expression with the prognosis of endometrial cancer: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) tissues express CYP7B1, but its association with prognosis needs to be investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and image analysis software were used to assess CYP7B1 protein expression in paraffin-embedded endometrial tumor sections. Associations between CYP7B1 and clinical factors were tested with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to describe survival, and differences were assessed using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between CYP7B1 expression and the prognosis of patients with EC. RESULTS: A total of 307 patients were enrolled with an average age of 52.6 ± 8.0 years at diagnosis. During the period of follow-up, 46 patients (15.0%) died, and 29 (9.4%) suffered recurrence. The expression of CYP7B1 protein is significantly higher in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus (P < 0.001). Patients aged < 55 years (P = 0.040), ER-positive patients (P = 0.028) and PR-positive patients (P < 0.001) report higher levels of CYP7B1 protein. Both univariate (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.90, P = 0.025) and multivariate (HR = 0.35, 95%CI:0.16-0.79, P = 0.011) Cox regression analyses demonstrate that high CYP7B1 protein expression predicts longer overall survival (OS). When considering only ER-positive patients (n = 265), CYP7B1 protein expression is more strongly associated with OS (HR = 0.20,95%CI:0.08-0.52, P = 0.001). The 3-year OS and 5-year OS in the low-CYP7B1 subgroup are 81.6% and 76.8%, respectively; while in the high-CYP7B1 subgroup are 93.0% and 92.0%, respectively (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: High CYP7B1 protein expression predicted longer OS, suggesting that it may serve as an important molecular marker for EC prognosis.

A GPU-based fast Monte Carlo code that supports proton transport in magnetic field for radiation therapy.

This paper presents the effort to extend a previously reported code ARCHER, a GPU-based Monte Carlo (MC) code for coupled photon and electron transport, into protons including the consideration of magnetic fields. The proton transport is modeled using a Class-II condensed-history algorithm with continuous slowing-down approximation. The model includes ionization, multiple scattering, energy straggling, elastic and inelastic nuclear interactions, as well as deflection due to the Lorentz force in magnetic fields. An additional direction change is added for protons at the end of each step in the presence of the magnetic field. Secondary charge particles, except for protons, are terminated depositing kinetic energies locally, whereas secondary neutral particles are ignored. Each proton is transported step by step until its energy drops to below 0.5 MeV or when the proton leaves the phantom. The code is implemented using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) platform for optimized GPU thread-level parallelism and efficiency. The code is validated by comparing it against TOPAS. Comparisons of dose distributions between our code and TOPAS for several exposure scenarios, ranging from single square beams in water to patient plan with magnetic fields, show good agreement. The 3D-gamma pass rate with a 2 mm/2% criterion in the region with dose greater than 10% of the maximum dose is computed to be over 99% for all tested cases. Using a single NVIDIA TITAN V GPU card, the computational time of ARCHER is found to range from 0.82 to 4.54 seconds for 1 × 107 proton histories. Compared to a few hours running on TOPAS, this speed improvement is significant. This work presents, for the first time, the performance of a GPU-based MC code to simulate proton transportation magnetic fields, demonstrating the feasibility of accurate and efficient dose calculations in potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided proton therapy.

Efficacy of personalized 3D-printed osteotomy guide in maximizing fibular utilization and minimizing graft length for reconstruction of large mandibular defect.

OBJECTIVE: The study addresses the long-standing challenge of insufficient length in vascularized fibular flaps when reconstructing large mandibular defects that require dual-barrel grafts. Employing personalized 3D-printed osteotomy guides, the study aims to optimize fibular utilization and minimize the required graft length. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two reconstruction methods for distal bone defects were compared: a fold-down (FD) group that employed a specialized osteotomy guide for folding down a triangular bone segment, and a traditional double-barrel (DB) group. Metrics for comparison included defect and graft lengths, as well as the graft-to-defect length ratio. Postoperative quality of life was assessed using the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire (UW-QoL). RESULT: Both FD and DB groups achieved successful mandibular reconstruction. Despite larger defects in the FD group (117 ± 31.35 mm vs 84 ± 35.34 mm, p = 0.028), the used fibula length was not statistically longer in the FD group. The median ratio of graft-to-defect length was also lower in the FD group (1.327 vs 1.629, p = 0.024), suggesting that FD required only 82.47% of the graft length needed in the DB approach. Quality of life scores post-surgery were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSION: Personalized 3D-printed osteotomy guides enhance fibula graft efficacy for reconstructing larger mandibular defects, necessitating shorter graft lengths while preserving postoperative quality of life. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study confirms the utility of 3D printing technology as an effective and precise tool in orthopedic surgery, particularly for complex reconstructions like large mandibular defects. It suggests a viable alternative that could potentially revolutionize current practices in bone grafting.

Research on Person Re-Identification through Local and Global Attention Mechanisms and Combination Poolings.

This research proposes constructing a network used for person re-identification called MGNACP (Multiple Granularity Network with Attention Mechanisms and Combination Poolings). Based on the MGN (Multiple Granularity Network) that combines global and local features and the characteristics of the MGN branch, the MGNA (Multiple Granularity Network with Attentions) is designed by adding a channel attention mechanism to each global and local branch of the MGN. The MGNA, with attention mechanisms, learns the most identifiable information about global and local features to improve the person re-identification accuracy. Based on the constructed MGNA, a single pooling used in each branch is replaced by combination pooling to form MGNACP. The combination pooling parameters are the proportions of max pooling and average pooling in combination pooling. Through experiments, suitable combination pooling parameters are found, the advantages of max pooling and average pooling are preserved and enhanced, and the disadvantages of both types of pooling are overcome, so that poolings can achieve optimal results in MGNACP and improve the person re-identification accuracy. In experiments on the Market-1501 dataset, MGNACP achieved competitive experimental results; the values of mAP and top-1 are 88.82% and 95.46%. The experimental results demonstrate that MGNACP is a competitive person re-identification network, and that the attention mechanisms and combination poolings can significantly improve the person re-identification accuracy.

Research on Positioning and Navigation System of Greenhouse Mobile Robot Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion.

The labor shortage and rising costs in the greenhouse industry have driven the development of automation, with the core of autonomous operations being positioning and navigation technology. However, precise positioning in complex greenhouse environments and narrow aisles poses challenges to localization technologies. This study proposes a multi-sensor fusion positioning and navigation robot based on ultra-wideband (UWB), an inertial measurement unit (IMU), odometry (ODOM), and a laser rangefinder (RF). The system introduces a confidence optimization algorithm based on weakening non-line-of-sight (NLOS) for UWB positioning, obtaining calibrated UWB positioning results, which are then used as a baseline to correct the positioning errors generated by the IMU and ODOM. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is employed to fuse multi-sensor data. To validate the feasibility of the system, experiments were conducted in a Chinese solar greenhouse. The results show that the proposed NLOS confidence optimization algorithm significantly improves UWB positioning accuracy by 60.05%. At a speed of 0.1 m/s, the root mean square error (RMSE) for lateral deviation is 0.038 m and for course deviation is 4.030°. This study provides a new approach for greenhouse positioning and navigation technology, achieving precise positioning and navigation in complex commercial greenhouse environments and narrow aisles, thereby laying a foundation for the intelligent development of greenhouses.

A Multistage Hemiplegic Lower-Limb Rehabilitation Robot: Design and Gait Trajectory Planning.

Most lower limb rehabilitation robots are limited to specific training postures to adapt to stroke patients in multiple stages of recovery. In addition, there is a lack of attention to the switching functions of the training side, including left, right, and bilateral, which enables patients with hemiplegia to rehabilitate with a single device. This article presents an exoskeleton robot named the multistage hemiplegic lower-limb rehabilitation robot, which has been designed to do rehabilitation in multiple training postures and training sides. The mechanism consisting of the thigh, calf, and foot is introduced. Additionally, the design of the multi-mode limit of the hip, knee, and ankle joints supports delivering therapy in any posture and training sides to aid patients with hemiplegia in all stages of recovery. The gait trajectory is planned by extracting the gait motion trajectory model collected by the motion capture device. In addition, a control system for the training module based on adaptive iterative learning has been simulated, and its high-precision tracking performance has been verified. The gait trajectory experiment is carried out, and the results verify that the trajectory tracking performance of the robot has good performance.