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INTRODUCTION: Recent reports have described the usefulness of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for inoperable sacral chordomas. However, its long-term local control rate needs to be improved. The present study identified the risk factors that affect local relapse of sacral chordomas and the appropriate margins from the tumors. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with sacral chordoma treated with CIRT between 2011 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Factors predicting the risk of local recurrence were evaluated, including age, sex, tumor size, muscle invaded with tumor, and surgery before CIRT. To determine the appropriate margin, the distance between the clinical target volume (CTV) and the out-field recurrent lesions was analyzed. RESULTS: The patients included 37 males and 12 females with a mean age of 67.1 years. A multivariate analysis showed that a tumor size >8 cm and invasion into the gluteus maximus muscle were significant risk factors with hazard ratios of 5.56 and 15.20 (p=0.02 and 0.01), respectively. Out-field recurrence occurred in 13 cases, with 6, 3, and 4 relapses occurring in the muscle, bone, and both, respectively. The tumor occurred within 20 mm from the CTV in 60% of relapses in the muscles. CONCLUSION: The current study presented novel findings on CIRT for sacral chordomas, although there were several limitations, such as a short follow-up period to investigate slow-growth tumors and a small number of tumor specimens owing to inoperative cases. A tumor size >8 cm and invasion into the gluteus maximus muscle were shown to be risk factors for recurrence in the treatment of sacral chordoma with CIRT. Our findings further suggest that an additional 2-cm margin from the CTV in the muscle fiber direction is recommended during CIRT.
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PURPOSE: Thoracic inlet angle (TIA) is a sagittal radiographic parameter with a constant value regardless of posture and is significantly correlated with the sagittal balance of the cervical spine. However, the practical use of TIA has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the preoperative TIA for predicting the development of kyphotic deformity after cervical laminoplasty in comparison to the preoperative T1 slope (T1S). METHODS: A total of 98 patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty without preoperative kyphotic alignment were included (mean age, 73.7 years; 41.8% female). Radiography was evaluated before surgery and at the 2-year follow-up examination. The cervical sagittal parameters were measured on standing radiographs, and the TIA was measured on T2-weighted MRI in a supine position. Cervical alignment with a C2-C7 angle of ≥ 0° was defined as lordosis, and that with an angle of < 0° was defined as kyphosis. RESULTS: Postoperative kyphosis occurred in 11 patients (11.2%). Preoperatively, the kyphosis group showed significantly lower values in the T1S (23.5° vs. 30.3°, p = 0.034) and TIA (76.1° vs. 81.8°, p = 0.042). We performed ROC curve analysis to clarify the impact of the preoperative TIA and T1S on kyphotic deformity after laminoplasty. The optimal cutoff angles for TIA and T1S were 68° and 19°, respectively, with similar diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the clinical utility of the preoperative TIA for predicting the risk of postoperative kyphotic deformity after cervical laminoplasty. These findings suggest the importance of the preoperative assessment of thoracic inlet alignment in cervical spine surgery.
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Cifose , Laminoplastia , Lordose , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Laminoplastia/efeitos adversos , Baías , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cifose/diagnóstico por imagem , Cifose/etiologia , Cifose/cirurgia , Lordose/cirurgia , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Cervicais/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To confirm whether posterior displacement of the detached meniscocapsular structure in ramp lesions could be observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the flexed knee position and to clarify whether this displacement on MRI is related to greater anterior knee laxity. METHODS: This retrospective comparative trial study included 50 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries in whom attendant ramp lesions were observed on preoperative MRI. All patients underwent 3-T MRI at 120° of knee flexion preoperatively. The gap distance of the ramp lesion on sagittal slices was measured, and a distance greater than 1 mm was classified as gap positive. Additionally, joint effusion in the posteromedial recess was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the surface area of joint fluid. Prior to surgery, the side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation (ATT) on stress radiographs at 20° of knee flexion was measured to evaluate anterior knee laxity. During anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the length of the ramp lesion was measured by a scale from the posteromedial portal. RESULTS: Of the 50 knees, 29 had ramp lesion gaps greater than 1 mm on MRI at knee flexion. The gap-positive group had a significantly greater side-to-side difference in ATT (9.6 ± 3.6 mm vs 5.0 ± 2.7 mm, P < .001) and significantly larger ramp lesion length (15.7 ± 4.9 mm vs 11.7 ± 3.9 mm, P = .002) than the gap-negative group. The gap-positive group also had a significantly greater amount of joint effusion than the gap-negative group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Posterior displacement of the detached meniscocapsular structure in ramp lesions can be observed on MRI at knee flexion and is related to greater anterior knee laxity, lesion size, and joint effusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative trial.
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Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Humanos , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Meniscos Tibiais/cirurgia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The optimal management of degenerative meniscal tears remains controversial. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to promote tissue repair in both preclinical and clinical studies; however, its effect on degenerative meniscal tears remains unknown. This study aimed to examine whether ESWT improves meniscal degeneration. METHODS: This randomized trial was conducted between 2020 and 2022 and involved patients with degenerative medial meniscal tears. Patients were allocated to receive either focused ESWT (0.25 mJ/mm2, 2000 impulses, 3 sessions with a 1-week interval) or sham treatment. Patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before treatment and at 12 months after treatment. The primary endpoint was improvement in meniscal degeneration, as assessed by the change in T2 relaxation time from baseline on MRI T2 mapping. Knee pain and clinical outcomes were also examined at the same time. RESULTS: Of 29 randomized patients, 27 patients (mean age 63.9 ± 8.7 years; females 37%; ESWT group 14 patients; control group 13 patients) were included in the final analysis. At 12 months postintervention, patients in the ESWT group showed a greater decrease in the T2 relaxation time (ESWT group -2.9 ± 1.7 ms vs. control group 1.0 ± 1.9 ms; p < 0.001) and had less knee pain (p = 0.04). The clinical outcomes at 12 months post-treatment were not statistically significant. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: ESWT decreased the T2 relaxation time in the meniscus at 12 months post-treatment. ESWT also provided pain relief, but no differences were observed in clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.
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PURPOSE: To elucidate the features of bone cysts at attachment sites of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs). METHODS: Knees treated using arthroscopic surgery for MMPRT between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a memory of onset (painful popping), prior knee surgeries, concomitant ligament or meniscus injuries or fractures were excluded. Duration from onset to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and type of tear were evaluated during arthroscopy. On radiography, meniscus signs (cleft/ghost/giraffe neck), bone cysts at the attachment site of the MMPRT and posterior shiny-corner lesions (PSCLs; bone marrow lesions on the meniscal-covered portion of the posterior tibial plateau) were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the bone cysts were assessed by comparison with matched patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for medial meniscus posterior horn tear. In addition, subgroups (cyst-positive/cyst-negative) among patients with MMPRT were created to assess the features of bone cysts. RESULTS: A total of 275 patients with MMPRT and 275 matched patients with posterior horn tears were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of bone cysts for MMPRT in this study were 22.2% and 98.6%, respectively. Among the 275 knees with MMPRT, compared with the cyst-negative group, the cyst-positive group had a longer duration from onset to MRI (12.9 ± 13.1 vs. 8.3 ± 10.9 weeks, respectively, p = 0.025) and reduced occurrence of PSCLs (18.0% vs. 42.0%, respectively, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of bone cysts at the attachment site was helpful for the accurate diagnosis of MMPRT and related to longer duration from onset to MRI and reduced PSCLs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, cross-sectional study.
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PURPOSE: Distal radius fracture (DRF), sarcopenia, and malnutrition have been reported to be interrelated. However, there are few reports on the effects of sarcopenia and malnutrition on DRF patients' postoperative outcomes. This study examined the healthy-side grip strength and preoperative blood tests to determine the presence of possible sarcopenia (PS) and malnutrition in geriatric women with DRF and their impact on postoperative functional outcomes. METHODS: Fifty-five woman older than 60 years treated with volar-locking plate fixation for low-energy DRF from standing-level falls were retrospectively studied. Based on the criteria of The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019, patients with a healthy-side grip strength <18 kg were defined as PS. Nutritional assessment was performed using Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) before surgery, with a value <50 defined as malnutrition. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) was used for functional assessment at 1 year after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to PS, and patient demographic data and postoperative outcomes were compared. Multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the regression coefficient and 95% confidence intervals for 1-year QuickDASH after surgery with adjustment for age, PS, and malnutrition. RESULTS: Possible sarcopenia was present in 10 patients (18.2%), and malnutrition in 24 patients (43.6%). Possible sarcopenia patients were older, had lower PNI, serum albumin, and both sides grip strength, and worse QuickDASH compared with non-PS patients. In multiple regression analysis, age, PS, and malnutrition were significant predictors of QuickDASH (standardized coefficient ß, 0.35, 0.34, and 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.02, 3.52-16.49, and 0.50-10.78). CONCLUSIONS: Possible sarcopenia with a healthy-side grip strength <18 kg and malnutrition with a PNI <50 were associated with worse 1-year QuickDASH after surgery in women DRF patients over 60 years. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic â £.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the association of preoperative malnutrition with an increased risk of cervical kyphosis after laminoplasty in geriatric patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). METHODS: Geriatric patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty were included. Malnutrition was defined as a geriatric nutritional risk index < 98 before surgery. The C2-7 angle and the global alignment parameters were analyzed on standing radiographs. The postoperative kyphosis was defined as a C2-7 angle < 0° during a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Ninety patients without preoperative kyphotic alignment were enrolled (mean age, 73.5 years old; 41.1% female). Twenty-one patients (23.3%) had malnutrition status (74.2 years old). Preoperatively, the global alignment parameters were comparable between the malnutrition and normal nutrition groups (SVA, 43.3 mm vs. 42.4 mm; T1S, 29.7° vs. 28.4°; TPA, 21.4° vs. 17.8°), with no significant difference in the C2-7 angle (15.1° vs. 15.2°). At 2 years postoperatively, the malnutrition group showed a significantly lower C2-7 angle than the normal nutrition group (9.3° vs. 15.8°, P = 0.03). Postoperative kyphosis was more prevalent in the malnutrition group (33.3% vs. 7.2%, P = 0.005). The preoperative nutritional status and C2-7 angle were independent predictors of postoperative kyphosis. The predictive C2-7 angles differed by preoperative nutritional status (malnutrition group, 11°; normal nutrition group, 7°). CONCLUSION: Among geriatric CSM patients, preoperative malnutrition was closely associated with the increased occurrence of cervical kyphosis after laminoplasty. Our results underscore the importance of preoperative nutritional assessment and management in geriatric populations undergoing cervical spine surgery, as malnutrition is a perioperative modifiable risk factor.
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Cifose , Laminoplastia , Desnutrição , Doenças da Medula Espinal , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Laminoplastia/efeitos adversos , Laminoplastia/métodos , Estado Nutricional , Cifose/diagnóstico por imagem , Cifose/epidemiologia , Cifose/cirurgia , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Cervicais/cirurgia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Desnutrição/complicações , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the recent 10-year trends in cervical laminoplasty and 30-day postoperative complications. METHODS: This retrospective multi-institutional cohort study enrolled patients who underwent laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The primary outcome was the occurrence of all-cause 30-day complications. Trends were investigated and compared in the early (2008-2012) and late (2013-2017) periods. RESULTS: Among 1095 patients (mean age, 66 years; 762 [70%] male), 542 and 553 patients were treated in the early and late periods, respectively. In the late period, patients were older at surgery (65 years vs. 68 years), there were more males (66% vs. 73%), and open-door laminoplasty (50% vs. 69%) was the preferred procedure, while %CSM (77% vs. 78%) and the perioperative JOA scores were similar to the early period. During the study period, the rate of preservation of the posterior muscle-ligament complex attached to the C2/C7-spinous process (C2, 89% vs. 93%; C7, 62% vs. 85%) increased and the number of laminoplasty levels (3.7 vs. 3.1) decreased. While the 30-day complication rate remained stable (3.9% vs. 3.4%), C5 palsy tended to decrease (2.4% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.059); superficial SSI increased significantly (0% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.015), while the decreased incidence of deep SSI did not reach statistical significance (0.6% vs. 0.2%). CONCLUSIONS: From 2008 to 2017, there were trends toward increasing age at surgery and surgeons' preference for refined open-door laminoplasty. The 30-day complication rate remained stable, but the C5 palsy rate halved.
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Laminoplastia , Doenças da Medula Espinal , Osteofitose Vertebral , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Resultado do Tratamento , Laminoplastia/efeitos adversos , Laminoplastia/métodos , Doenças da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Vértebras Cervicais/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Paralisia/etiologia , Osteofitose Vertebral/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The long-term changes in the dynamics of the medial meniscus after transtibial pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) are not completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transtibial pullout repair on MMPRTs and whether the effects would be sustained. METHODS: Nineteen knees with MMPRTs that were treated by trans-tibial pullout repair were enrolled in this study. Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) was measured by ultrasonography during knee extension (no weight-bearing with the knee at 0° extension: NW0°) and 90° flexion (no weight-bearing with the knee at 90° flexion: NW90°) with the patient in the supine position and with full weight-bearing (FW0°) preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The clinical outcomes were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee score. RESULTS: The difference in MME with NW0° was not statistically significant between the preoperative (3.4 ± 1.0 mm) and 12-month postoperative (3.7 ± 0.6 mm) time points. The MME with NW90° at 3 (2.1 ± 0.7 mm) and 12 months (2.9 ± 0.6 mm) postoperatively were significantly lower than the preoperative values (3.4 ± 0.8 mm) (P < 0.05). However, the value significantly increased from 3 to 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The MME with FW0° at 12 months postoperatively (4.3 ± 0.6 mm) was significantly larger than that at pre-operatively (3.6 ± 0.9 mm) (P < 0.05). All the patients' clinical conditions were significantly improved at 12 months postoperatively when compared to their preoperative clinical conditions. CONCLUSION: Surgery did not reduce the extrusion in the no weight-bearing and weight-bearing positions at knee extension, and these values increased in the postoperative period. In addition, while the surgery reduced the extrusion in the knee flexion position, the restoration achieved by the surgery was not sustained in the long term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.
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PURPOSE: Previous studies have suggested little association between radiographic malalignment and long-term functional outcomes of nonsurgical treatment of distal radius fractures in geriatric patients. However, no report has stratified the elderly by age and focused on short-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine how the relationship between malunion and patient outcomes differs between early- and late-geriatric patients in the short and long terms after injury, thereby informing explanations and decision-making on treatment options for geriatric patients with distal radius fractures. METHODS: One hundred patients treated nonsurgically for distal radius fractures were evaluated retrospectively; 52 were defined as early-geriatric patients (aged 60-72 years) and 48 as late-geriatric (aged >77 years). Malunion (dorsal tilt > 10°, ulnar variance > 3 mm, or intra-articular displacement or step-off > 2 mm), range of motion, and grip strength were investigated at 3 months. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each age group using Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores at 3 months as the dependent variable. QuickDASH scores over 1 year after injury were analyzed in the same way. RESULTS: The early-geriatric patients included 33 acceptable unions and 19 malunions. The late-geriatric patients included 12 acceptable unions and 26 malunions. The significant predictors of QuickDASH scores at 3 months were malunion for the early-geriatric group and grip strength for the late-geriatric group (standardized coefficient ß, 0.31 and -0.49, respectively). No factor significantly predicted the QuickDASH scores after at least 1 year in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Malunion was associated with worse QuickDASH scores at 3 months after injury in the early-geriatric patients but not in the late-geriatric patients and did not predict the QuickDASH scores at 1 year after injury in either age group. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic IV.
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BACKGROUND: Cervicobrachial pain frequently affects the quality of life (QOL) of the general public and has a significant economic impact on the health care systems of various countries. There are a number of treatment options for this disease, including widely-used drug therapy, but the effectiveness of each option is indeterminate, and there have been no published cost-effectiveness analysis studies so far. This prospective observational study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment for cervicobrachial symptoms. METHODS: A 6-month medication regimen for each of five frequently-prescribed drugs for cervicobrachial symptoms was administered to 322 patients at 24 centers in Japan. Outcome measures, including of the EuroQol Group 5D, Short Form-8, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), were investigated at baseline and every month thereafter. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of the drug cost to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated. A stratified analysis of patient characteristics was also performed to identify baseline factors potentially affecting cost-effectiveness. RESULTS: The ICER of entire drug treatment for cervicobrachial symptoms was 7,491,640 yen. Compared with the reference willingness-to-pay, the ICER was assumed to not be cost-effective. A certain number of QALYs were gained during the first 3 months after the treatment intervention, but almost no QALYs were gained during the following 3 months. Stratified analysis showed that cost-effectiveness was extremely low for patients with high baseline VAS and high QOL. CONCLUSIONS: The available medications for cervicobrachial symptoms did not have excellent cost-effectiveness. Although a certain number of QALYs were gained during the first 3 months after medication, no QALYs were gained in the latter half of the study period, suggesting that it is not advisable to continue the medication needlessly. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II, prospective cohort study.
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OBJECTIVES: TNF-induced activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is a critical determinant for synovial inflammation and joint destruction in RA. The detrimental role of TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) has thoroughly been characterized. The contributions of TNFR2, however, are largely unknown. This study was performed to delineate the role of TNFR2 in human FLS activation. METHODS: TNFR2 expression in synovial tissue samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. Expression of TNFR2 was silenced using RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. Global transcriptional changes were determined by RNA-seq. QPCR, ELISA and immunoblotting were used to validate RNA-seq results and to uncover pathways operating downstream of TNFR2 in FLS. RESULTS: TNFR2 expression was increased in RA when compared with OA synovial tissues. In particular, RA-FLS demonstrated higher levels of TNFR2 when compared with OA-FLS. TNFR2 expression in RA-FLS correlated with RA disease activity, synovial T- and B-cell infiltration. TNF and IL1ß were identified as inflammatory mediators that upregulate TNFR2 in RA-FLS. Silencing of TNFR2 in RA-FLS markedly diminished the TNF-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including CXCR3-binding chemokines and the B-cell activating factor TNFSF13B. Immunobiochemical analyses revealed that TNFR2-mediated expression of inflammatory mediators critically depends on STAT1. CONCLUSION: Our results define a critical role for TNFR2 in FLS-driven inflammation and unfold its participation in the unresolved course of synovial inflammation in RA.
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Artrite Reumatoide , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral , Sinoviócitos , Humanos , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismo , Sinoviócitos/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative periarticular injection of corticosteroid effectively reduces perioperative pain in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, which corticosteroid is most effective for intraoperative periarticular injection remains controversial. We compared the effects of corticosteroids between dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide periarticular administration for reducing pain and postoperative nausea and increasing fasting blood glucose concentrations during the perioperative period following TKA. METHODS: One hundred and two patients who underwent TKA from August 2018 to September 2020 were divided into two groups: one received 10 mg dexamethasone for intraoperative periarticular injection and another receiving 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Postoperative pain scores at rest and during walking and nausea scores were recorded using a 0-to-10 Numerical Rating Scale. C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting blood glucose levels were measured pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Pain scores in the triamcinolone group were significantly lower than in the dexamethasone group at rest 7 days postoperatively (1.5 vs. 2.0; p = 0.046) and while walking at both 72 h (3.9 vs. 4.8; p = 0.008) and 7 days postoperatively (3.2 vs. 4.0; p = 0.03). The CRP levels in the triamcinolone group were significantly lower than in the dexamethasone group at 7 days postoperatively (1.6 mg/dl vs. 3.0 mg/dl: p < 0.001). The fasting blood glucose levels at 1 day postoperatively were increased in both groups but not significantly different between the groups. No significant differences in the nausea score were noted between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Triamcinolone acetonide periarticular administration provided greater pain relief by reducing inflammation to a greater degree than dexamethasone.
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Artroplastia do Joelho , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Dexametasona , Humanos , Injeções Intra-Articulares , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Triancinolona Acetonida/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
HYPOTHESIS AND/OR BACKGROUND: The relationship between shoulder osteoarthritis (OA) and rotator cuff tear (RCT) is unclear. We hypothesized that there is a difference between the pathogenesis of OA complicating RCT and that of RCT complicating OA. In this study, our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of shoulder OA without RCT, RCT without OA, and OA with RCT in the general older population. Our secondary objective was to identify risk factors for the association with OA+RCT in shoulder OA alone or RCT alone, respectively. METHODS: We enrolled patients from the public health checkup conducted in Gunma prefecture (Japan) in 2014. Subjects' shoulder pain at rest, during motion, and at night was evaluated using a questionnaire. Moreover, active and passive range of motions (ROMs) in flexion, abduction, and external rotation were measured. For RCT parameters, we evaluated as no tear, partial-thickness supraspinatus (SSP) tear, full-thickness SSP tear, and SSP-infraspinatus tears. For further analysis, the shoulders were divided into three groups according to the presence of RCT and/or OA: OA, RCT, and OA + RCT groups. Risk factors for OA + RCT were identified in a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 944 of 1148 shoulders were eligible for inclusion. The prevalence rates of shoulder OA, RCT, and OA + RCT were 5.8%, 21.1%, and 4.2%, respectively. Furthermore, 650 shoulders were excluded, and 55, 199, and 40 shoulders had OA, RCT, and OA + RCT, respectively. There were significant differences for age, ROM of active external rotation, strength of abduction, external rotation, and morphology of the rotator tears. However, there were no significant differences for pain visual analog scale score, passive ROM, Simple Shoulder Test, and grades of OA. Older age decreased active ROM in external rotation, and the presence of both subscapularis and SSP-infraspinatus tears was a risk factor for the association of OA with an RCT shoulder. Older age, weaker power in external rotation, and affected dominant side were risk factors for the association of RCT with an OA shoulder. DISCUSSION AND/OR CONCLUSION: This study is the first to report risk factors by considering both shoulder OA and RCT in the general population. Our findings will be useful for the treatment and management of OA and RCT as well as for the prevention of these conditions in the older adults.
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Lacerações , Osteoartrite , Lesões do Manguito Rotador , Articulação do Ombro , Humanos , Idoso , Lesões do Manguito Rotador/complicações , Lesões do Manguito Rotador/patologia , Ombro/patologia , Manguito Rotador/patologia , Articulação do Ombro/patologia , Osteoartrite/complicações , Osteoartrite/epidemiologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Ruptura/complicações , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine the clinical features and post-treatment complications in patients with isolated C2 odontoid fractures. METHODS: We extracted data for all patients who were admitted with C2 odontoid fractures from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database between July 2010 and March 2017. We then compared the post-treatment complications during hospitalization according to treatment types: conservative treatment (with or without use of halo-vest) and surgery (anterior or posterior spinal fixation). RESULTS: A total of 3167 patients (1533 men, 1634 women; mean age, 70 years) with isolated C2 odontoid fractures were identified, including 1124 patients (35%) aged ≥ 80 years. Among the total patients, 2476 (78%) received conservative treatment (with halo-vest, 728; without halo-vest, 1748). The remaining 691 patients (22%) underwent surgery (anterior surgery, 129; posterior surgery, 556; combined surgery, 6). There were no differences between the conservative treatment and surgery groups in baseline characteristics and preexisting comorbid conditions except for age (71 vs. 69 years, p = 0.042). In-hospital death occurred in 136 patients (4.3%). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two groups (overall, conservative treatment 4.6% vs. surgery 3.0%, p = 0.066; age ≥ 80 years, conservative treatment 7.2% vs. surgery 5.4%, p = 0.34). Use of halo-vest was not associated with increased mortality (with halo-vest 3.7% vs. without halo-vest 5.0%, p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: The great majority of isolated odontoid fractures occurred in elderly patients. Conservative treatment and surgery had similarly low in-hospital mortality. Use of halo-vest was not associated with an increase in mortality.
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Processo Odontoide , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Processo Odontoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Processo Odontoide/lesões , Processo Odontoide/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/epidemiologia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most devastating complications following spinal instrumented fusion surgeries because it may lead to a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, and poor clinical outcomes. Identifying the risk factors for SSI can help in developing strategies to reduce its occurrence. However, data on the risk factors for SSI in degenerative diseases are limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors for deep SSI following posterior instrumented fusion for degenerative diseases in the thoracic and/or lumbar spine in adult patients. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational cohort study conducted at 10 study hospitals between July 2010 and June 2015. The subjects were consecutive adult patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion surgery for degenerative diseases in the thoracic and/or lumbar spine and developed SSI. Detailed patient-specific and procedure-specific potential risk variables were prospectively recorded using a standardized data collection chart and retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 2913 enrolled patients, 35 developed postoperative deep SSI (1.2%). Multivariable regression analysis identified three independent risk factors: male sex (P = 0.002) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of ≥ 3 (P = 0.003) as patient-specific risk factors, and operation including the thoracic spine (P = 0.018) as a procedure-specific risk factor. CONCLUSION: Thoracic spinal surgery, an ASA score of ≥ 3, and male sex were risk factors for deep SSI after routine thoracolumbar instrumented fusion surgeries for degenerative diseases. Awareness of these risk factors can enable surgeons to develop a more appropriate management plan and provide better patient counseling.
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Fusão Vertebral , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fusão Vertebral/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hallux valgus deformity has been reported to be associated with increased postural sway. However, the direction and magnitude of postural sway associated with hallux valgus remain inconclusive. We assessed the association between hallux valgus deformity and postural sway using a force plate. METHODS: The subjects were 169 healthy volunteers, > 40 years old (63 males, 106 females, average age: 66.0 ± 12.4 years old), who took part in an annual medical examination. We investigated the photographic hallux valgus angle (°), total trajectory length of the gravity center fluctuation (mm), area of the center of pressure (mm2), mediolateral and anteroposterior postural sway (mm) in a standing position with 2-legged stance and eyes open, hallux pain (Numerical Rating Scale), trunk and lower limb muscle mass (kg). We classified the subjects into a hallux valgus group (n = 44, photographic hallux valgus angle of 1 or both feet ≥ 20°) and a no hallux valgus group (n = 125, photographic hallux valgus angle of both feet < 20°) and analyzed the relationship between hallux valgus and postural sway. RESULTS: The anteroposterior postural sway in the hallux valgus group (6.5 ± 2.8) was significantly greater than in the no hallux valgus group (5.4 ± 2.2, p = 0.014), and the lower limb muscle mass in the hallux valgus group (12.4 ± 2.2) was significantly smaller than in the no hallux valgus group (13.5 ± 3.2, p = 0.016). The total value of the photographic hallux valgus angle on both feet was positively correlated with the anteroposterior postural sway (p = 0.021) and negatively correlated with the lower limb muscle mass (p = 0.038). The presence of hallux valgus (p = 0.024) and photographic hallux valgus angle (p = 0.008) were independently related to the magnitude of anteroposterior postural sway. CONCLUSIONS: Hallux valgus deformity and its severity were positively associated with the magnitude of the anteroposterior postural sway. TRIAL REGISTRATION: 2017 - 135. Registered 22 August 2017.
Assuntos
Joanete , Hallux Valgus , Hallux , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Pé , Hallux Valgus/diagnóstico por imagem , Hallux Valgus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the rate of returning to the preinjury level of competitive sports after ACLR and influential factors. METHODS: After excluding composite ligament injury cases, 96 patients with a Tegner activity score of ≥ 6 who were managed between April 2015 and March 2016 and had been followed for ≥ 2 years were included in the present study. The patients were evaluated for instability, and the following data were collected: second-look arthroscopy findings, muscle strength, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score (follow-up rate: 88.1%). RESULTS: The rate of returning to the preinjury level of competitive sports was 62/96 (64.6%). Only the total IKDC subjective score (odds ratio, 1.052; 95% confidence interval 1.004-1.102; p = 0.035) and the subjectively evaluated item about giving way (odds ratio, 1.762; 95% confidence interval 1.066-2.911; p = 0.027) were independently associated with the returning to the preinjury level of competitive sports after ACLR in the logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The rate of returning to the preinjury level of competitive sports after ACLR was 64.6%, even if a good knee stability and healing status of the sutured meniscus were acquired after ACLR. The IKDC subjective score, especially the item about giving way, was significantly associated with the returning to the preinjury level of competitive sports. The factors assessed by patient-reported evaluations concerning giving way that may be related to functional performance, including brain activity, are important to consider to improve the rate of returning to the preinjury level of competitive sports. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Reconstrução do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Volta ao Esporte , Adolescente , Adulto , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/reabilitação , Artroscopia/métodos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Joelho/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Modelos Logísticos , Escore de Lysholm para Joelho , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Força Muscular , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cirurgia de Second-Look/métodos , Esportes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to investigate the contributions of grip, pronation, and pinch to stabilization of the medial elbow joint space; examine their relationship with muscle strength; and assess the effect of stabilization on the medial elbow joint space in baseball pitchers. METHODS: In this controlled laboratory study, we measured the medial elbow joint space using ultrasound during the following conditions: unloading; loading; and loading with grip, pronation, and pinch. To evaluate changes in the medial elbow joint space as a result of various conditions, 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons were performed. To investigate whether strong or weak muscle strength improved the medial elbow joint space during the loaded condition, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Finally, a post hoc power analysis was performed. RESULTS: We enrolled 121 pitchers. The medial elbow joint space in the loaded condition, loaded condition with full grip, and loaded condition with full pinch was significantly larger than that in the unloaded condition. The medial elbow joint space in the loaded condition with full grip, loaded condition with full pronation, and loaded condition with full palmar pinch was significantly smaller than that in the loaded condition. A post hoc power analysis showed that the power of the 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was 100%. The strengths of the full grip and palmar pinch were significantly correlated with a reduced gap distance of the medial elbow joint space (P < .001 for both). CONCLUSION: In high school baseball pitchers, pronation and palmar pinch contraction significantly improved the gap distance of the medial elbow joint space in the loaded condition and during grip contraction. Moreover, the grip and palmar pinch strengths were significantly correlated with stabilizing effects on the medial elbow joint space.
Assuntos
Beisebol , Articulação do Cotovelo , Cotovelo , Articulação do Cotovelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Pronação , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical procedure for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) remains controversial because there are few comprehensive studies that have investigated the surgical methods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate evidence in the literature and to compare the surgical outcomes between anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and laminoplasty, which are representative procedures for CSM. METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify comparative studies of ADF and laminoplasty for CSM. The language was restricted to English, and the publication period was from January 2001 to July 2019. We only included studies of CSM and excluded studies that involved patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and treatments with posterior instrumented fusion. We extracted outcomes from the studies, such as preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, cervical alignment, surgical complications and reoperation rates. Then, a meta-analysis was performed on these surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Nine studies were obtained, and the quality of the studies was acceptable. In the meta-analysis, the preoperative JOA score was similar between the ADF and laminoplasty groups. The postoperative JOA scores and neurological recovery rates were not different between the ADF and laminoplasty groups. ADF exhibited more favorable results than laminoplasty in terms of postoperative cervical alignment. In contrast, overall complications were more frequently observed in the ADF group than in the laminoplasty group, leading to higher rates of reoperation. However, postoperative neck pain was more frequently observed in the laminoplasty group than in the ADF group. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed both the merits and shortcomings of ADF and laminoplasty. ADF and laminoplasty showed similar results in terms of neurological recovery. Postoperative cervical lordosis was better preserved with ADF than with laminoplasty. However, ADF was associated with a higher incidence of surgical complications than laminoplasty.