RESUMO
Food fermentation, antibiotics, and pollutant degradation are closely related to bacteria. Bacteria play an irreplaceable role in life. However, some bacteria seriously threaten human health and cause large-scale infectious diseases. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop strategies to accurately monitor bacteria. Technology based on molecular probes and fluorescence imaging is noninvasive, results in little damage, and has high specificity and sensitivity, so it has been widely applied in the detection of bacteria. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in bacterial detection using fluorescence. In particular, we generalize the mechanisms commonly used to design organic fluorescent probes for detecting and imaging bacteria. Moreover, a perspective regarding fluorescent probes for bacterial detection is discussed.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Corantes Fluorescentes , Fluorescência , Corantes Fluorescentes/análise , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , HumanosRESUMO
Near-infrared (NIR) activatable fluorescent probes have been considered to be the effective edge tools for the investigation of cell biology and disease diagnosis because of their outstanding advantages. Related genes involved in tumor genesis and progression regulate the overexpression of certain enzymes. Owing to the distinctive characteristics of quick reaction time and favorable pharmacokinetics, enzyme-reactive NIR optical probes have shown great potential in the diagnosis of tumorigenesis and in image-guided intraoperative surgeries with high signal-to-noise ratios. In this review, we mainly summarize the latest advancements in enzyme-reactive NIR fluorescent probes from design strategy to biomedical application. Specifically, some challenges and prospects in this field are presented at the end of the review, which will be beneficial to innovatively construct new multifunctional fluorescent probes and actively promote their clinical transformation in the future.
Assuntos
Enzimas/metabolismo , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/efeitos da radiação , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Enzimas/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Corantes Fluorescentes/efeitos da radiação , Corantes Fluorescentes/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Raios Infravermelhos , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodosRESUMO
The recurrence of malignant tumors is mostly caused by incompleted surgical resection. Especially, it is difficult for surgeons to detect and accurately remove metastatic tumors by predominantly using visual examination and palpation owing to the lack of effective means to specifically distinguish the boundary range between normal and tumor tissues. Thus, the development of activated fluorescent probe with superior tumor-to-normal (T/N) tissue ratios is particularly urgent in clinics. In view of CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN) regarded as a cancer-specific biomarker, mediating with progression, invasion, and migration of malignant tumor, herein, we reported an APN-responsive fluorescent probe YH-APN and demonstrated its application to distinguish cancer cells. Through in situ spraying manner, fluorescent superior tumor-to-normal (T/N) tissue ratios (subcutaneous transplantation tumor, 13.86; hepatic metastasis, 4.42 and 6.25; splenic metastasis, 4.99) were achieved. More importantly, we have demonstrated the ability to image metastasis tumor tissue less than 1 mm in diameter, highlighting the potential for this probe to be used as a tool in surgical resection. This research may spur the use of enzyme-activatable fluorescent probes for the progress of tumor diagnosis and image-guided surgery (IGS).
Assuntos
Antígenos CD13/análise , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Neoplasias/cirurgia , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Animais , Feminino , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirurgia Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
Monitoring fluctuations in enzyme overexpression facilitates early tumor detection and excision. An AIEgen probe (DQM-ALP) for the imaging of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was synthesized. The probe consists of a quinoline-malononitrile (QM) core decorated with hydrophilic phosphate groups as ALP-recognition units. The rapid liberation of DQM-OH aggregates in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation-induced fluorescence. The up-regulation of ALP expression in tumor cells was imaged using DQM-ALP. The probe permeated into 3D cervical and liver tumor spheroids for imaging spatially heterogeneous ALP activity with high spatial resolution on a two-photon microscopy platform, providing the fluorescence-guided recognition of sub-millimeter tumorigenesis. DQM-ALP enabled differentiation between tumor and normal tissue exâ vivo and inâ vivo, suggesting that the probe may serve as a powerful tool to assist surgeons during tumor resection.
Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Neoplasias/cirurgia , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Fosfatase Alcalina , Células HeLa , Humanos , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Hoffmann's syndrome is a hypothyroid myopathy presenting as muscle stiffness and hypertrophy. It is a rare complication of hypothyroidism. MRI features of this syndrome have seldom been described in the literature. We present a case of Hoffmann's syndrome in a 34-year-old man who underwent lower extremity contrast-enhanced MRI. MRI can demonstrate the hypertrophic configuration, T2 hyperintensity, and enhancement of the involved muscles in Hoffmann's syndrome. Along with clinical, laboratory, and electromyography findings, MRI may be helpful in distinguishing between inflammatory myopathy, myonecrosis, subacute muscle denervation, and infectious myositis.
Assuntos
Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Miosite/complicações , Miosite/patologia , Adulto , Meios de Contraste , Humanos , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Aumento da Imagem , Perna (Membro)/patologia , Masculino , Miosite/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome , Tiroxina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Correction for 'Masking thiol reactivity with thioamide, thiourea, and thiocarbamate-based MBPs' by Hyeonglim Seo et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 2283-2286, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC06596G.
RESUMO
Thioamides, thioureas, and thiocarbamates are introduced as stable, sulfur-based metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) for use in metalloenzyme fragment-based drug discovery (mFBDD). MBP reactivity, bioactivity, and structural studies show that these molecules can act as ligands for Zn(II)-dependent metalloenzymes including human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).
Assuntos
Metaloproteínas , Tioureia , Humanos , Tioamidas , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz , Tiocarbamatos/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila , QuelantesRESUMO
In recent years, the use of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) for biological imaging and phototherapy has become an area of intense research. However, most traditional AIEgens suffer from undesired aggregation in aqueous media with "always on" fluorescence, or their targeting effects cannot be maintained accurately in live cells with the microenvironment changes. These drawbacks seriously impede their application in the fields of bio-imaging and antitumor therapy, which require a high signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we propose a molecular design strategy to tune the dispersity of AIEgens in both lipophilic and hydrophilic systems to obtain the novel near-infrared (NIR, â¼737 nm) amphiphilic AIE photosensitizer (named TPA-S-TPP) with two positive charges as well as a triplet lifetime of 11.43 µs. The synergistic effects of lipophilicity, electrostatic interaction, and structure-anchoring enable the wider dynamic range of AIEgen TPA-S-TPP for mitochondrial targeting with tolerance to the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m). Intriguingly, TPA-S-TPP was difficult for normal cells to be taken up, indicative of low inherent toxicity for normal cells and tissues. Deeper insight into the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and cleaved caspase 3 levels further revealed the mechanism of tumor cell apoptosis activated by AIEgen TPA-S-TPP under light irradiation. With its advantages of low dark toxicity and good biocompatibility, acting as an efficient theranostic agent, TPA-S-TPP was successfully applied to kill cancer cells and to efficiently inhibit tumor growth in mice. This study will provide a new avenue for researchers to design more ideal amphiphilic AIE photosensitizers with NIR fluorescence.