Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of GGPS1 related congenital muscular dystrophy.

Congenital muscular dystrophies are a group of progressive disorders with wide range of symptoms associated with diverse cellular mechanisms. Recently, biallelic variants in GGPS1 were linked to a distinct autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy associated with hearing loss and ovarian insufficiency. In this report, we present a case of a young patient with a homozygous variant in GGPS1. The patient presented with only proximal muscle weakness, and elevated liver transaminases with spared hearing function. The hepatic involvement in this patient caused by a novel deleterious variant in the gene extends the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of GGPS1 related muscular dystrophy.

[Comparison of Cytomegalovirus Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Results Obtained with Fully Automated Systems: Roche Cobas 6800 and Qiagen NeuMoDx Experience]. / Tam Otomatize Sistemlerde Çalisilan Sitomegalovirüs Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu Test Sonuçlarinin Karsilastirilmasi: Roche Cobas 6800 ile Qiagen NeuMoDx Deneyimi.

Viral load monitoring is important in identifying patients at risk of developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) related complications after transplantation and for this purpose, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-qPCR) tests are most commonly used. The main problem in CMV DNA Rt-qPCR tests that make quantitative measurements is that there are significant differences in measurements performed with different kits in different laboratories. Comparability of viral load measurements between laboratories has increased with the introduction of quantitative PCR tests calibrated with the CMV International Quantitation Standard (IQS) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, quantitative agreement between measurements made with different kits has still not been fully achieved. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the quantitative compatibility between measurements made with Cobas 6800 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and NeuMoDx (Qiagen, Ann Arbor, USA) CMV DNA Rt-qPCR tests, which are fully automated new generation systems calibrated with the WHO CMV IQS. The results of 214 plasma samples, which were studied simultaneously with Cobas 6800 CMV Rt-qPCR and NeuMoDx CMV Rt-qPCR tests were analyzed. In the tests, the extraction, amplification and detection stages were carried out fully automatically. CMV DNA was detected in 144 (67.28%) samples in both tests and was not detected in 53 (24.76%) samples. Incompatible results were obtained in a total of 17 (7.94%) samples. Good agreement was found between the qualitative results of both tests (kappa= 0.80, p< 0.001). When the quantitative results (n= 129) obtained in the dynamic measurement range of both tests were examined, the median viral load values measured by Cobas 6800 CMV Rt-qPCR and NeuMoDx CMV Rt-qPCR tests were 513 IU/mL (range= 35-37000) and 741 IU/mL (range= 68-48978), respectively. According to the correlation analysis, a very strong correlation was found between the results of both tests (r= 0.94, p< 0.001). According to Bland-Altman analysis; the average difference between the results of the NeuMoDx CMV Rt-qPCR test and the Cobas 6800 CMV Rt-qPCR test was found to be -0.14 log10 [standard deviation (SD)= 0.23] IU/mL and it was determined that the Cobas 6800 CMV Rt-qPCR test had lower measurements than the NeuMoDx CMV Rt-qPCR test. In 120 of 129 samples (93%) whose results were within the dynamic measurement range of both tests, the measurement difference was within ± 0.5 log10 IU/mL and in 9 (7%), it was detected as more than ± 0.5 log10 (median 0.54 log10 IU/ml; range= 0.51-0.81). No measurement difference of more than ± 1.0 log10 was detected in any sample. In this study, quantitative agreement was found in the measurements made in plasma samples with the fully automated Cobas 6800 CMV Rt-qPCR and NeuMoDx CMV Rt-qPCR tests calibrated with the CMV IQS. To the best of our knowledge, a study comparing viral load measurements made with Cobas 6800 and NeuMoDx fully automated systems in the detection of CMV DNA has not yet been conducted, and this is the first study on this subject.

Schizophrenia endothelial cells exhibit higher permeability and altered angiogenesis patterns in patient-derived organoids.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood. While many research avenues into the origins of SCZ during brain development have been explored, the contribution of endothelial/vascular dysfunction to the disease remains largely elusive. To model the neuropathology of SCZ during early critical periods of brain development, we utilized patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate 3D cerebral organoids and define cell-specific signatures of disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that while SCZ organoids were similar in their macromolecular diversity to organoids generated from healthy controls (CTRL), SCZ organoids exhibited a higher percentage of endothelial cells when normalized to total cell numbers. Additionally, when compared to CTRL, differential gene expression analysis revealed a significant enrichment in genes that function in vessel formation, vascular regulation, and inflammatory response in SCZ endothelial cells. In line with these findings, data from 23 donors demonstrated that PECAM1+ microvascular vessel-like structures were increased in length and number in SCZ organoids in comparison to CTRL organoids. Furthermore, we report that patient-derived endothelial cells displayed higher paracellular permeability, implicating elevated vascular activity. Collectively, our data identified altered gene expression patterns, vessel-like structural changes, and enhanced permeability of endothelial cells in patient-derived models of SCZ. Hence, brain microvascular cells could play a role in the etiology of SCZ by modulating the permeability of the developing blood brain barrier (BBB).

Novel UBE3B mutations: report of eight patients with Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome with additional clinical findings from a highly consanguineous population.

Biallelic mutations in UBE3B cause Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS; OMIM 244450) with a wide range of clinical manifestations. In this study, we employed genetic analyses including homozygosity mapping, candidate gene sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and confirmatory Sanger sequencing on eight patients from three unrelated consanguineous families. Our analysis yielded three different novel variants in UBE3B : a missense substitution [NM_130466.4: c.2975C>T; (p.Pro992Leu)] in the HECT domain in family 1, a 3-bp deletion within exon 14 [c.1692_1694delCTC; (p.Ser565del)] leading to removal of a serine residue in family 2, and a splice donor site variant in intron eight of UBE3B (c.630 + 1G>T) in family 3. Blepharophimosis, telecanthus, ptosis, intellectual disability and abnormal lipid profile were similar to those found in previously reported KOS patients. Longitudinal follow-up revealed rather marfanoid body habitus of the patients in family 1. This study reports eight patients from Saudi Arabia with novel deleterious variants in UBE3B and adds to the phenotypic spectrum of KOS.