Clinical indicators of 'caregiver role strain' in caregivers of stroke patients.

The main objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of the nursing diagnosis caregiver role strain (CRS) in caregivers of patients with stroke and to identify the accuracy of this diagnosis's clinical indicators. A total of 42 stroke patient caregivers who provided in-home care services in a city in north-eastern Brazil. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of clinical indicators of nursing diagnosis 'CRS' were analyzed. Study participants were mostly female, married and the daughters of stroke patients. CRS was present in 73.8% of caregivers. The presence of the clinical indicators, specifically, lack of time to meet personal needs (p = 0.011), increased emotional lability (p = 0.001), withdrawal from social life (p = 0.002), and changes in leisure activities (p = 0.002), presented high values for statistical measures of diagnostic accuracy.

[Evaluation of patients with stroke monitored by home care programs]. / Avaliação de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral acompanhados por programas de assistência domiciliária.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient with a stroke in home treatment, investigating physical capacity, mental status and anthropometric analysis. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Fortaleza/CE, from January to April of 2010. Sixty-one individuals monitored by a home care program of three tertiary hospitals were investigated, through interviews and the application of scales. The majority of individuals encountered were female (59%), elderly, bedridden, with a low educational level, a history of other stroke, a high degree of dependence for basic (73.8%) and instrumental (80.3 %) activities of daily living, and a low cognitive level (95.1%). Individuals also presented with tracheostomy, gastric feeding and urinary catheter, difficulty hearing, speaking, chewing, swallowing, and those making daily use of various medications. It was concluded that home care by nurses is an alternative for care of those individuals with a stroke.

[Identification of the nursing diagnosis of fall risk in elderly with stroke]. / Identificação do diagnóstico de enfermagem "risco de quedas em idosos com acidente vascular cerebral.

The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of a nursing diagnosis of fall risk in elderly with stroke. Observational exploratory and cross-sectional study with descrziptive analysis. Performed in a charitable rehabilitation association in Fortaleza city, from January to March 2010, by primary source, by interviews and physical examination with elderly people who had at least one episode of stroke 37 individuals participated of which 20 (54.1%) were women, with mean age of 70.6years, and 18 (48.6%) lived with a partner and had an average of 5.2 years of study. The risk of falls was found in all elderly. Among the risk factors identified it is possible to highlight Impaired balance (100%), Age above 65 years (83.7%), and Proprioceptive deficit (83.7%). Nurses must consider the risk of falls as a nursing carefocus and implement and evaluate the results of interventions for fall prevention.

[Nursing diagnosis: impaired physical mobility in patients with stroke]. / Diagnóstico de enfermagem: mobilidade física prejudicada em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular encefálico.

The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Physical Mobility in patients with stroke. This exploratory study was developed at rehabilitation units from November 2007 to march 2008, through an interview and physical examination. Nursing diagnoses were made using NANDA Taxonomy II. A total 121 patients were evaluated. Subjects' average age was 62.1 years, 52.3% were males with an average 1.5 stroke events in 3.4 years. The diagnosis was present in 90%, with an average of 5.8 defining characteristic. Difficulty turning was the most present characteristic and there were 3.4 related factors per patient, and most reported decreased strength and endurance besides neuromuscular impairment (100%). There should be a closer look towards this diagnosis when planning interventions after a stroke with aiming at health promotion for these patients.

Clinical Validation of the Nursing Outcome "Swallowing Status" in People with Stroke: Analysis According to the Classical and Item Response Theories.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To validate clinically the nursing outcome "Swallowing status". METHODS: The adjustment of the nursing outcome was investigated according to the Classical and Item Response Theories. The models were compared regarding information loss, goodness-of-fit, and differential item functioning. Stability and internal consistency were examined. RESULTS: The nursing outcome has the best fit in the generalized partial credit model with different discrimination parameters. Strong correlations among the scores of each indicator were observed. There was no differential item functioning of the outcome indicators. The scale presented high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .954) and stability (and > .800). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a valid nursing outcome. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Most accurate monitoring of sensitivity to an intervention. OBJETIVO: Validar clinicamente o resultado de enefermagem "Estado da Deglutição". MÉTODOS: O ajustamento do resultado foi investigado de acordo com as teorias Clássica e de Resposta ao Item. Os modelos foram comparados assumindo parâmetros de itens cruzados de igual discriminação. Investigaram-se as propriedades de bondade do ajuste, funcionamento diferencial dos itens, estabilidade e consistência interna. RESULTADOS: O resultado se ajustou melhor a partir do Modelo de crédito parcial generalizado, o qual demonstrou unidimensionalidade do resultado e forte correlação entre os escores de cada indicador. Não houve funcionamento diferencial dos indicadores. A consistência interna para a escala global (Cronbach's α = .954) e a estabilidade (>.800) mantiveram-se elevadas. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo apresenta um resultado de enfermagem válido. RELEVÂNCIA PARA A PRÁTICA CLÍNICA: Maior acurácia para monitorar a sensibilidade da intervenção.

Clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance in children with acute respiratory infection.

The identification of clinical indicators with good predictive ability allows the nurse to minimize the existing variability in clinical situations presented by the patient and to accurately identify the nursing diagnosis, which represents the true clinical condition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of NANDA-I clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis ineffective airway clearance (IAC) in children with acute respiratory infection. This was a prospective cohort study conducted with a group of 136 children and followed for a period of time ranging from 6 to 10 consecutive days. For data analysis, the measures of accuracy were calculated for clinical indicators, which presented statistical significance in a generalized estimated equation model. IAC was present in 91.9% of children in the first assessment. Adventitious breath sounds presented the best measure of accuracy. Ineffective cough presented a high value of sensitivity. Changes in respiratory rate, wide-eyed, diminished breath sounds, and difficulty vocalizing presented high positive predictive values. In conclusion, adventitious breath sounds showed the best predictive ability to diagnose IAC in children with respiratory acute infection.

Clinical factors predicting risk for aspiration and respiratory aspiration among patients with Stroke.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the association of risk factors with the Risk for aspiration nursing diagnosis and respiratory aspiration. METHOD: cross-sectional study assessing 105 patients with stroke. The instrument used to collect data addressing sociodemographic information, clinical variables and risk factors for Risk for aspiration. The clinical judgments of three expert RNs were used to establish the diagnosis. The relationship between variables and strength of association using Odds Ratio (OR) was verified both in regard to Risk for aspiration and respiratory aspiration. RESULTS: risk for aspiration was present in 34.3% of the patients and aspiration in 30.5%. The following stood out among the risk factors: Dysphagia, Impaired or absent gag reflex, Neurological disorders, and Impaired physical mobility, all of which were statistically associated with Risk for aspiration. Note that patients who develop such a diagnosis were seven times more likely to develop respiratory aspiration. CONCLUSION: dysphagia, Impaired or absent gag reflex were the best predictors both for Risk for aspiration and respiratory aspiration.

Construction and validation of indicators and respective definitions for the nursing outcome Swallowing Status.

OBJECTIVE: to develop indicators for the nursing outcome Swallowing Status and the respective conceptual and operational definitions validated by experts and in a clinical setting among patients after having experienced a stroke. METHOD: methodological study with concept analysis and content and clinical validations. The Content Validation Index was verified for the scores assigned by 11 experts to indicators. Two pairs of nurses assessed 81 patients during the clinical validation: one pair used an instrument with definitions and the other used an instrument without definitions. The resulting assessments were compared using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Friedman's test, and Minimal Important Difference calculation. RESULTS: All the indicators, with the exception of the indicator Ability to bring food to mouth, presented Content Validation Index above 0.80. The pair using the instrument with definitions presented an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient above 0.80 for all the indicators and similarity was found in all the assessments, according to the Minimal Important Difference calculation. The pair using the instrument without definitions presented a low coefficient (ρ<0.75) for all the indicators. CONCLUSION: the results showed that greater uniformity and accuracy was achieved by the pair of nurses using the conceptual and operational definitions for the indicators of the nursing outcome Swallowing Status.

Validation of the mobility nursing outcome in stroke survivors.

PURPOSE: To validate the indicators of the mobility nursing outcome. METHODS: This is a methodological study carried out from February to April 2011. The instrument was assessed by 23 nurses, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. FINDINGS: The title "physical mobility" was the most suitable. There was a statistical proportion of less than 85% of experts who agreed that the indicators running, crawling, jumping, and moves with ease were relevant to mobility nursing outcome (p < .05). However, these indicators were not associated with stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS: For stroke patients, some indicators are not adequate to their evaluation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This work supports the tools' development to assess accurate outcome measurements in specific populations.

Nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize nutritional status and variables that predict nutritional changes in children with congenital heart disease. METHOD: a cross-sectional study undertaken in two health institutions between January and June 2009, using a questionnaire with questions about nutrition, applied to 132 children under two years of age who had congenital heart disease. Children who had additional serious illnesses were excluded. RESULT: the predominant percentile values and Z scores were concentrated within the range of normal levels. The Z scores, however, presented negative variations with a deviation to the left. In the analysis of predictive factors, the occurrence of immediate and acute malnutrition was related to a decrease in skinfold thickness (decrease in subscapular skinfold thickness, while immediate malnutrition was related to a high Apgar score. Chronic malnutrition was related to female children with higher ages. CONCLUSION: it is evidenced that it is necessary to carry out nutritional strategies which improve prognosis, so as to widen the nursing care directed at these children.

Acidente vascular cerebral e fatores de risco para quedas em idosos / Stroke and risk factors for falls in elderly individuals

Objetivo: verificar e comparar os fatores de risco intrínsecos e extrínsecos para quedas em idosos, com e sem acidente vascular cerebral. Métodos: estabeleceram-se três grupos controle e um grupo caso, com 15 idosos cada. Resultados: as associações estatísticas foram: uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva entre os grupos com quedas, apesar da ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral; uso de inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina para pessoas idosas com acidente vascular cerebral que tiveram ou não queda; alterações nos pés entre o grupo caso e as pessoas sem quedas ou acidente vascular cerebral. A dificuldade de marcha e a mobilidade física prejudicada foram estatisticamente relevantes entre o grupo caso e as pessoas sem a ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral ou quedas. Conclusão: o acidente vascular cerebral está associado a quedas e os fatores intrínsecos apresentaram maiores correlações estatísticas, apoiando a hipótese de que muitos fatores influenciam a ocorrência de quedas. (AU)

[Scales for evaluation of the overload of caregivers of patients with stroke]. / Escalas para avaliação da sobrecarga de cuidadores de pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the available productions in literature about scales to measure the overload of caregivers of patients with stroke. It was carried out a bibliographical revision in three databases: LILACS, CINAHL and SCOPUS. In 23 works, 24 different scales were identified, and the most cited were: the Caregiver Strain Index, the Caregiver Burden Scale, the Caregiver Reaction Assessment, the Sense of Competence Questionnaire, the Relatives Stress Scale and the Zarit Burden Interview. The use of scales to measure the overload is an important tool to evaluate the context in which the caregiver is inserted, but is more trustworthy to use more than one measure instrument than use only one. Therefore, the validation of scales becomes important for this population.

Clinical factors predicting risk for aspiration and respiratory aspiration among patients with Stroke / Fatores clínicos preditores do risco para aspiração e aspiração respiratória em pacientes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral / Factores clínicos predictores del riesgo para aspiración y aspiración respiratoria en pacientes con accidente cerebro vascular

Objective: to investigate the association of risk factors with the Risk for aspiration nursing diagnosis and respiratory aspiration. Method: cross-sectional study assessing 105 patients with stroke. The instrument used to collect data addressing sociodemographic information, clinical variables and risk factors for Risk for aspiration. The clinical judgments of three expert RNs were used to establish the diagnosis. The relationship between variables and strength of association using Odds Ratio (OR) was verified both in regard to Risk for aspiration and respiratory aspiration. Results: risk for aspiration was present in 34.3% of the patients and aspiration in 30.5%. The following stood out among the risk factors: Dysphagia, Impaired or absent gag reflex, Neurological disorders, and Impaired physical mobility, all of which were statistically associated with Risk for aspiration. Note that patients who develop such a diagnosis were seven times more likely to develop respiratory aspiration. Conclusion: dysphagia, Impaired or absent gag reflex were the best predictors both for Risk for aspiration and respiratory aspiration. .

Objetivo: investigar a associação dos fatores de risco com o diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de aspiração e a aspiração respiratória. Método: estudo transversal, no qual se avaliaram 105 pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados continha os dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e os fatores de risco para o Risco de aspiração. Para determinação do diagnóstico, utilizou-se o julgamento clínico de três enfermeiras experts. Investigou-se a relação entre as variáveis e a sua força de associação por meio da Razão de Chance (OR) tanto para a relação com o diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de aspiração como para aspiração respiratória. Resultados: o diagnóstico Risco de aspiração esteve presente em 34,3% dos pacientes e o de aspiração em 30,5%. Quanto aos fatores de risco, destacaramse Disfagia, Reflexo de vômito diminuído ou ausente, Desordens neurológicas e Mobilidade corporal diminuída associados estatisticamente com o diagnóstico Risco de aspiração. Ressaltase que os pacientes que desenvolveram tal diagnóstico aumentaram em sete vezes a chance de desenvolver aspiração respiratória. Conclusão: os fatores Disfagia, Reflexo de vômito diminuído ou ausente e Mobilidade corporal diminuída foram os melhores preditores tanto do Risco de aspiração, como da aspiração respiratória. .

Objetivo: investigar la asociación de los factores de riesgo con el diagnóstico de enfermería riesgo de aspiración y de aspiración respiratoria. Método: estudio transversal, en el cual se evaluaron 105 pacientes con accidente vascular cerebral. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de datos contenía los datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y los factores de riesgo para el riesgo de aspiración. Para determinación del diagnóstico, se utilizó el juicio clínico de tres enfermeras especialistas. Se investigó la relación entre las variables y su fuerza de asociación por medio de la Razón de Probabilidades (OR) tanto para la relación con el diagnóstico de enfermería riesgo de aspiración, como para la aspiración respiratoria. Resultados: el diagnóstico riesgo de aspiración estuvo presente en 34,3% de los pacientes y el de aspiración en 30,5%. En lo que se refiere a los factores de riesgo, se destacaron: disfagia, reflejo de vómito disminuido o ausente, desordenes neurológicos y movilidad corporal disminuida, asociados estadísticamente con el diagnóstico de riesgo de aspiración. Se destaca que los pacientes que desarrollaron ese diagnóstico aumentaron en 7 veces la probabilidad de desarrollar aspiración respiratoria. Conclusión: los factores disfagia, reflejo de vómito disminuido o ausente y movilidad corporal disminuida fueron los mejores predictores tanto del riesgo de aspiración, como de la aspiración respiratoria. .

Construction and validation of indicators and respective definitions for the nursing outcome Swallowing Status / Construção e validação dos indicadores e suas definições para o resultado de enfermagem Estado da deglutição / El ambiente vivo, dinámico y complejo de cuidados en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva

to develop indicators for the nursing outcome Swallowing Status and the respective conceptual and operational definitions validated by experts and in a clinical setting among patients after having experienced a stroke.

construir e validar por especialistas e clinicamente os indicadores para o resultado de enfermagem Estado da deglutição e suas definições conceituais e operacionais em pacientes após acidente vascular cerebral.

construir y validar por especialistas y clínicamente los indicadores para el resultado de enfermería Estado de la deglución y sus definiciones conceptuales y operacionales en pacientes después de accidente vascular cerebral.

Validacao clinica do diagnostico "falta de adesao" em pessoas com hipertensao arterial / Validación clínica del diagnóstico de enfermería "ausencia de adhesión" en personas con hipertensión / Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis \"noncompliance\" among people with hypertension

OBJECTIVE: To clinically validate the nursing diagnosis Noncompliance in people with hypertension. METHOD: This methodological study used the Clinical Diagnostic Validation method. The content of the diagnostic proposal was initially validated by experts and then clinically validated in 128 patients with hypertension cared for by a Primary Health Care service in Crato (CE) Brazil. Two clinical nurses, experts in nursing terminologies and therapy adherence collaborated. RESULTS: After the clinical validation, the diagnosis was expanded to contain six defining characteristics and twelve related factors. CONCLUSION: This study provided a direction for the efficient use of the assessed clinical indicators, contributing to the improvement of the nursing diagnosis Noncompliance and its constituent parts. Nursing professionals should appropriate these technologies to increase and broaden their use, contributing to the improvement of healthcare delivery.

O objetivo deste estudo foi validar clinicamente o diagnóstico de enfermagem Falta de Adesão em pessoas com hipertensão arterial. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, utilizando-se o modelo de validação clínica de diagnóstico. O conteúdo da proposta do diagnóstico foi inicialmente validado perante especialistas e depois clinicamente com 128 pacientes com hipertensão arterial atendidos pela Atenção Primária de Crato-Ceará, com o auxílio de duas enfermeiras clínicas, especialistas em terminologias de enfermagem e adesão terapêutica. RESULTADOS: Após a validação clínica, o diagnóstico passou a contar com seis características definidoras e doze fatores relacionados. CONCLUSÃO: Considera-se que o estudo forneceu direção para a eficiência do uso dos indicadores clínicos avaliados, contribuindo com o aprimoramento do diagnóstico Falta de Adesão e seus elementos constituintes. A Enfermagem deve se apropriar de suas tecnologias, buscando incrementar e amplificar sua utilização, contribuindo com a melhoria da assistência prestada.

OBJETIVO: Validar clínicamente el diagnóstico de Enfermería "Ausencia de adhesión en personas con hipertensión". MÉTODOS: Estudio metodológico que utiliza el modelo de validación clínica del diagnóstico. El contenido de la propuesta fue validado inicialmente con expertos y luego clínicamente validado con 128 pacientes con hipertensión arterial tratados en la Atención Primaria a la Salud del municipio de Crato, Ceará - Brasil, con la ayuda de dos enfermeras-clínicas especialistas en terminología y adhesión terapéutica. RESULTADOS: Después de la validación clínica, el diagnóstico cuenta con seis características definitorias y doce factores relacionados. CONCLUSIÓN: Se considera que el estudio proporcionó la dirección para el uso eficiente de los indicadores clínicos evaluados, lo que contribuye para la mejora del diagnóstico de "ausencia de adhesión" y sus componentes. La Enfermería debe apropiarse de sus tecnologías, con el objetivo de desarrollar y ampliar su uso, contribuyendo para la mejora de la atención.

Ocorrência de quedas e índice de massa corporal em idosos / Falls occurrence and body mass index in elderly / Ocurrencia de caídas e índice de masa corporal en ancianos

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar quatro grupos de idosos com e sem acidente vascular cerebral e quedas. Estudo do tipo caso-controle, desenvolvido na cidade de Fortaleza, em 2010. Dados coletados por entrevista através de um formulário que avaliou variáveis sociodemográficas, percepção de saúde e o índice de massa corporal de 60 idosos. Os grupos eram em maioria mulheres (66,7%), com média de idade de 69,86 a 71 anos. Os que sofreram acidente vascular cerebral apresentaram uma média de 1,4 eventos (±0,67), em um tempo médio de 5,6 anos (±7,5). Quanto aos grupos com quedas, o número de eventos foi ligeiramente maior naqueles com acidente vascular cerebral (1,4 ±0,63). A maioria referiu um estado de saúde regular e encontrava-se com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Conclui-se que os fatores de risco para quedas devem ser continuamente avaliados por profissionais qualificados, no intuito de manter favoráveis as condições de saúde do idoso.

The study aimed to compare four groups of elderly with and without stroke and falls. A case-control study that was performed in Fortaleza city, 2010. Data collected by interview through a form that evaluated demographic variables, health status and body mass index in 60 elderly. Most of the groups were  composed by women (66.7%), mean age of 69.86 to 71 years. Those who had suffered a stroke had presented an average of 1.4 events (±0.67) at a time of 5.6 years (±7.5). The number of stroke was slightly higher (1.4 ±0.63) at the groups with fall history. The  majority reported a regular health  condition and was overweight or obese. This way, the risk factors for falls should be continuously evaluated by qualified professionals, in order to maintain favorable conditions for elderly health.

El objetivo del estúdio fue comparar cuatro grupos de ancianos con y sin accidente cerebrovascular y caídas. Estudio de caso-control, desarrollado en 2010, en la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE-Brasil. Datos recogidos mediante entrevista através de un formulario que evaluó variables sociodemográficas, percepción de salud y el índice de masa corporal de 60 ancianos. Los grupos eran formados por mayoría de mujeres (66,7%), edad media de 69,86 a 71  años. Aquellos con accidente cerebrovascular presentaron una media de 1,4 eventos (±0,67), en un tiempo medio de 5,6 años (±7,5). Cuanto a los grupos con caídas, el número de eventos fue ligeramente superior en personas con accidente cerebrovascular (1,4 ±0,63). La mayoría informó salud regular y tenía sobrepeso u obesidad. Se concluye que los factores de riesgo para caídas deben ser continuamente evaluados por profesionales cualificados, con el objetivo de mantener condiciones favorables para la salud del anciano.

Análise do conceito comportamento de prevenção no contexto de doença crônica / Concept analysis of behavior prevention in the context of chronic disease / Análisis del concepto comportamiento de prevención en el contexto de enfermedad crónica

A análise de conceito configura-se importante no intuito de melhorar a compreensão de determinado fenômeno, em auxílio à prática profissional. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o conceito comportamento de prevenção no contexto de doença crônica com base no modelo preconizado por Walker e Avant, em 2005. Realizou-se, em 2011, uma revisão integrativa em bases de dados usando-se combinações de descritores. Selecionaram-se artigos disponíveis eletronicamente e que respondessem às perguntas elaboradas. Assim, 146 resumos foram lidos e 25 publicações selecionadas. Identificaram-se elementos do fenômeno, como atributos: habilidade, conhecimento e atitude; antecedentes: ocorrência de doença, identificação de fatores de risco, tomada de decisão e rede de apoio; e consequentes: autogestão do indivíduo, domínio de habilidades, adaptação e melhoria na qualidade de vida. Por conseguinte, foi possível elaborar um conceito mais completo do fenômeno comportamento de prevenção que, por sua vez, poderá auxiliar o profissional envolvido com ações preventivas.

Concept analysis proves important to improving the understanding of a given phenomenon and to supporting professional practice. This study aimed at analyzing the concept of prevention behavior in the context of chronic disease on the basis of the model referred by Walker and Avant in 2005. In 2011 an integrative review on databases was performed withcombinations of descriptors. Online articles addressing the questions made were selected. Thereby, 146 abstracts were read and 25 publications were selected. Elements of the phenomenon were identified as attributes: skill, knowledge, and attitude; antecedents: disease occurrence, identification of risk factors, decision making, and support network; and consequences: individual self-management, mastery of skills, adaptation, and improvement in quality of life. As a result, it was possible toformulate a wider concept of behavior prevention, which, on its turn, can help the health professional in preventive action.

El análisis de concepto és importante para mejorar la comprensión de fenómenos específicos a la práctica profesional. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el concepto comportamiento de prevención en el contexto de enfermedad crónica por el modelo recomendado por Walker y Avant, en 2005. En 2011 se realizó una revisión integrativa en bases de datos utilizando combinaciones de descriptores. Fueron seleccionados artículos disponibles y que respondiesen a las preguntas elaboradas. Así, 146 resúmenes fueron leídos y 25 publicaciones seleccionadas. Los elementos del fenómeno identificados fueron atributos: habilidad, concocimiento y actitud; antecedentes: ocurencia de enfermedad, identificación de factores de riesgo, tomada de decisión y redes de apoyo; y consecuentes: autogestión del individuo, dominio de habilidades, adaptacióny mejora de la calidad de vida. Así, fue possible elaborar un concepto más completo del fenómeno comportamiento de prevención que así, podrá ayudar el profesional que participa de acciones preventivas de salud.

Evaluation of patients with stroke monitored by home care programs / Evaluacion de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular acompanados por programas de cuidado domiciliario / Avaliação de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral acompanhados por programas de assistência domiciliaria

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient with a stroke in home treatment, investigating physical capacity, mental status and anthropometric analysis. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Fortaleza/CE, from January to April of 2010. Sixty-one individuals monitored by a home care program of three tertiary hospitals were investigated, through interviews and the application of scales. The majority of individuals encountered were female (59%), elderly, bedridden, with a low educational level, a history of other stroke, a high degree of dependence for basic (73.8%) and instrumental (80.3 %) activities of daily living, and a low cognitive level (95.1%). Individuals also presented with tracheostomy, gastric feeding and urinary catheter, difficulty hearing, speaking, chewing, swallowing, and those making daily use of various medications. It was concluded that home care by nurses is an alternative for care of those individuals with a stroke.

La propuesta del estudio fue evaluar al paciente con accidente cerebro vascular en tratamiento domiciliario, se investigó la capacidad funcional, el estado mental y el análisis antropométrico. Estudio transversal desarrollado en Fortaleza/CE, de enero a abril del 2010. Se investigaron 61 personas acompañadas por el programa de atención domiciliaria de tres hospitales de nivel terciario a través de entrevistas y aplicación de escalas. Se encontró en la mayoría: mujeres (59%), adultos mayores, postrados en cama, con bajo nivel de educación, con historia de otros accidentes cerebro vasculares, alto grado de dependencia para las actividades básicas (73,8%) e instrumentales (80,3%) de la vida diaria y bajo nivel cognitivo (95,1%). También tenían traqueotomía, sonda nasogástrica y vesical, dificultad para oír, hablar, masticar, tragar y usaban varios medicamentos diarios. Se concluye que la atención domiciliaria de enfermería se consolida como alternativa de cuidado a las personas con accidente cerebro vascular.

A proposta do estudo foi avaliar o paciente com acidente vascular cerebral em tratamento domiciliário, investigando capacidade funcional, estado mental e análise antropométrica. Estudo transversal realizado em Fortaleza/CE, de janeiro a abril de 2010. Foram investigados 61 indivíduos acompanhados pelo programa de assistência domiciliar de três hospitais terciários, mediante entrevista e aplicação de escalas. Encontrou-se maioria do sexo feminino (59%), idosos, acamados, com baixa escolaridade, com história de outros eventos de acidente vascular cerebral, elevado grau de dependência para as atividades básicas (73,8%) e instrumentais (80,3%) da vida diária e baixo nível cognitivo (95,1%). Também apresentavam traqueostomia, sondagem gástrica e vesical, dificuldades para ouvir, falar, mastigar, engolir e faziam uso diário de vários medicamentos. Concluiu-se que o atendimento domiciliário de enfermagem consolida-se como alternativa de assistência aos indivíduos com acidente vascular cerebral.

Fatores de risco para quedas em idosos / Risk factors for falls in the elderly

A ocorrência de quedas representa um obstáculo na saúde dos idosos e contribui para aumentar a dependência. O estudo teve o objetivo de investigar os fatores de risco intrínsecos e extrínsecos, além de possíveis associações estatísticas para quedas em idosos nos últimos seis meses. Estudo tipo caso-controle, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em três Associações de Reabilitação e um Centro de Assistência Social, com dois grupos com trinta idosos cada, um grupo com queda (caso) e outro sem queda (controle). Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a abril de 2010, através de formulário. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas e analisados por programa estatístico. O grupo caso apresentou piores condições intrínsecas e mais fatores extrínsecos. Dentre os fatores de risco intrínsecos estatisticamente significativos, destacam-se: alterações nos pés, equilíbrio prejudicado e alterações proprioceptivas. Conclui-se pelo reforço da hipótese multicausal para ocorrência das quedas, com possibilidades para atuação do enfermeiro.

Competências essenciais de programas de assistência domiciliar para pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral / Essential competencies of the home care program for stroke patients / Competencias esenciales de programas de atención domiciliaria para pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular

O Programa de Atendimento Domiciliar agrega em suas atribuições inúmeras Competências Essenciais, tais como as propostas pela Agência de Saúde Pública do Canadá. Dessa forma, buscou-se avaliar a inserção dessas competências essenciais neste programa. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado de janeiro a abril de 2010, com cuidadores e pacientes assistidos pelo programa. Utilizaram-se formulários e diário de campo para a coleta de dados e posteriormente buscou-se avaliar as atividades exercidas no âmbito das competências essenciais preconizadas. Assim, foi possível perceber que as atribuições exercidas pelo programa ainda se encontram aquém do que é almejado, haja vista a lógica biomédica empregada, que conduziu à implementação parcial de Competências Essenciais como: Políticas de Saúde Pública; Planejamento e Implementação; Parceria, Colaboração e Apoio e Liderança. Tal fato denota a necessidade de maiores esforços governamentais e por parte dos profissionais envolvidos no programa com vistas à melhoria da atenção oferecida.

The Home Care Program combines uncountable Essential Competencies among its skills, such as those proposed by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of these essential competencies in this program. This cross-sectional study was performed between January and April of 2010, with caregivers and patients followed in the program. Forma and field diaries were used for data collection. Later, an evaluation was made of the activities performed within the scope of the recommended essential competencies. Therefore, it was possible to realize that the attributions performed by the program remain below expectations, considering the biomedical model that is used, which led to the partial implementation of Essential Competencies, such as: Public Health Policies; Planning and Implementations; Partnership, Collaboration, Support and Leadership. This fact reveals the need for greater governmental efforts and by the professionals involved in the program with a view to improving the care.

El Programa de Atención Domiciliaria suma en sus atribuciones gran número de Competencias Esenciales, como las propuestas por la Agencia de Salud Pública de Canadá. De tal forma, buscó evaluarse la inserción de tales competencias esenciales en este programa. Estudio transversal, realizado de enero a abril de 2010, con cuidadores y pacientes atendidos por el programa. Se utilizaron formularios y diario de campo para recolección de datos; posteriormente, se buscó evaluar las actividades ejercidas en el ámbito de las competencias esenciales recomendadas. Así, fue posible percibir que las atribuciones ejercidas por el programa están aún lejos de lo esperado, vista la lógica biomédica empleada, que condujo a la implementación parcial de Competencias Esenciales como: Políticas de Salud Pública; Planeamiento e Implementación; Alianzas, Colaboración y Apoyo; y Liderazgo. Tal hecho denota la necesidad de mayores esfuerzos gubernamentales y de los profesionales involucrados en el programa apuntando a mejorar la atención ofrecida.