Vulvar pagetoid urothelial intraepithelial neoplasia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pagetoid urothelial intraepithelial neoplasia (PUIN) is a form of secondary Extramammary Paget Disease (EMPD). It is a rare malignant condition seen on the female genitalia synchronous or metachronous with bladder cancer (BC). CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old female presented with PUIN at the labia minora 2 years after an open anterior pelvic exenteration with ileal conduit urinary diversion for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder. PUIN of the vulva and vagina was confirmed by a punch biopsy and the patient underwent a radical vaginectomy with urethrectomy and inguinal sentinel node procedure. Immunohistochemically EMPD was identified by the expression tumor protein 63 (p63), cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20 (CK20). CONCLUSIONS: PUIN is a rare but distinct clinical entity as a form of secondary EMPD which can be differentiated from primary EMPD based on medical history, histology, and immunohistochemistry.

Nutritional Supplement With Fermented Soy in Men With an Elevated Risk of Prostate Cancer and Negative Prostate Biopsies: General and Oncological Results From the Prospective PRAECAP Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a dietary supplement containing fermented soy on PSA, IPSS, changes in prostate volume and prostate cancer (PCa) development after a 6-month challenge in men at increased risk of PCa and negative previous biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with an elevated risk of PCa, defined by either 1 of the following criteria: PSA >3 ng/mL, suspect lesion at digital rectal examination (DRE), suspect lesion at transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and previous negative prostate biopsies (at least 8 cores) within 12 months before inclusion. Statistical analysis was carried out using a non-parametric 1-sided paired Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: In this trial, 94 patients were eligible for analysis. A PSA response was detected in 81% of the cases. In 25.8% (24/93) of patients, a decrease of at least 3 points on the IPSS was observed. The median prostate volume did not statistically change after 6 months (P = .908). Patients with PSA modulation required fewer investigations and had fewer positive biopsies (P <.001) and significantly fewer ISUP ≥3 lesions (P = .02). CONCLUSION: We observed a significantly lower PSA level after a 6-month challenge with a fermented soy-containing supplement, and an effect on IPSS in a subset of patients. Prescribing a fermented soy supplement in patients with an increased PCa risk could lead to a better selection of patients at real increased risk of having occult PCa.

Designing the selenium and bladder cancer trial (SELEBLAT), a phase lll randomized chemoprevention study with selenium on recurrence of bladder cancer in Belgium.

BACKGROUND: In Belgium, bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in males (5.2%) and the sixth most frequent cause of death from cancer in males (3.8%). Previous epidemiological studies have consistently reported that selenium concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer. This suggests that selenium may also be suitable for chemoprevention of recurrence. METHOD: The SELEBLAT study opened in September 2009 and is still recruiting all patients with non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder on TURB operation in 15 Belgian hospitals. Recruitment progress can be monitored live at http://www.seleblat.org. Patients are randomly assigned to selenium yeast (200 µg/day) supplementation for 3 years or matching placebo, in addition to standard care. The objective is to determine the effect of selenium on the recurrence of bladder cancer. Randomization is stratified by treatment centre. A computerized algorithm randomly assigns the patients to a treatment arm. All study personnel and participants are blinded to treatment assignment for the duration of the study. DESIGN: The SELEnium and BLAdder cancer Trial (SELEBLAT) is a phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, academic, double-blind superior trial. DISCUSSION: This is the first report on a selenium randomized trial in bladder cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00729287.

Low-dose-rate brachytherapy as a minimally invasive curative treatment for localised prostate cancer has excellent oncological and functional outcomes: a retrospective analysis from a single centre.

INTRODUCTION: Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy is a widely used therapeutic option for localised prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to analyse the oncological and functional outcomes after 10 years of experience with brachytherapy for localised prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients who underwent brachytherapy between April 2006 and September 2017 were included for analysis. Initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, tumour stages, Gleason scores, positive biopsies, prostate volumes, dosimetric parameters, and urinary symptoms were noted. RESULTS: A total of 201 patients underwent brachytherapy between April 2006 and September 2017. Of these patients, 159 had >3 years of oncological and functional follow-up. Only these relevant patients were included in the statistical analysis. This showed a significant, persistent decline in PSA levels (p <0.0001): the mean PSA was 1.2 ng/ml after 6 months, 1.1 ng/ml after 1 year, and 0.49 ng/ml after 3 years. Only 9 patients had tumour recurrence (3 patients with Gleason score 6 and 6 patients with Gleason score 7). After receiving adequate treatment, the patients underwent oncological follow-up.Important obstructive and irritative complaints were most pronounced during the first 9 months and decreased strongly after 18 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: LDR brachytherapy has excellent oncological outcomes with limited functional inconveniences that are adequately treatable. Our 10 years' experience shows that brachytherapy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of low-risk localised prostate cancer.

Two-Stage Urethroplasty with Buccal Mucosa for Penoscrotal Hypospadias Reconstruction in a Male with a 46,XX Karyotype.

We present a case regarding a 32-year old African male with penoscrotal hypospadias, left cryptorchidism and a left inguinal hernia. There were moderate masculinization characteristics. He underwent a Lichtenstein hernia repair with perioperative biopsies of the left inguinal testis and epididymis. Microscopic examination showed a Sertoli-only left testis with Leydig-cell hyperplasia and the left epididymis consisted of ovarian tissue with corpora albicantia and maturing follicles. Endocrinological evaluation showed a sex-determining region Y (SRY) negative 46,XX karyotype. We successfully performed a two-stage urethroplasty with buccal mucosa graft to reconstruct his penoscrotal hypospadias.

Phase III randomised chemoprevention study with selenium on the recurrence of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. The SELEnium and BLAdder cancer Trial.

BACKGROUND: In Belgium, bladder cancer (BC) is the fifth most common cancer in men. The per-patient lifetime cost is high. Previous epidemiological studies have consistently reported that selenium concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of BC. We therefore hypothesised that selenium may be suitable for chemoprevention of recurrence of BC. METHOD: The Selenium and Bladder Cancer Trial (SELEBLAT) was an academic phase III placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial designed to determine the effect of selenium on recurrence of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma conducted in 14 Belgian hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned by a computer program to oral selenium yeast 200 µg once a day or placebo for three years, in addition to standard care. All study personnel and participants were blinded to treatment assignment for the duration of the study. All randomised patients were included in the intention to treat (ITT) and safety analyses. Per protocol analyses (PPAs) included all patients in the study three months after start date. RESULTS: Between September 18, 2009 and April 18, 2013, 151 and 141 patients were randomised in the selenium and placebo group. Patients were followed until December 31, 2015. The ITT analysis resulted in 43 (28%; 95% CI, 0.21-0.35) and 45 (32%; 95% CI, 0.24-0.40) recurrences in the selenium and placebo group. The hazard ratio (HR) was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.56-1.29; p = 0.44) while the HR for the PPA resulted in 42 and 39 (28%; 95% CI, 0.20-0.35) recurrences in the selenium and placebo group (HR = 0.96 [95% CI, 0.62-1.48]; p = 0.93). CONCLUSION: Selenium supplementation does not lower the probability of recurrence in BC patients.

Synchronous inverted papilloma of bladder and renal pelvis.

Inverted papilloma of the urinary tract is a rare tumor that consists of uniform urothelial cells with an inverted configuration and a normal urothelial lining. Despite several published reports, the prognostic significance and the potential biologic behavior remain uncertain. We detail a case of synchronous inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder and the renal pelvis and review the published data.