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1.
BMC Public Health ; 22(1): 2103, 2022 11 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36397033

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: For many industrial workers, occupational injuries are a common health and safety concern. However, sufficient information on the economic costs and predictors of occupation-related injuries from the perspective of employers is lacking in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to close this gap by quantifying the economic costs and predictors of occupation-related injuries in Ethiopian manufacturing industries from the employer's perspective. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was employed to estimate the employer-side economic cost of occupation-related injuries from December 2021 to March 2022. This study used a top-down approach to compute direct costs, while the friction method was used for indirect cost estimation. Injury data were obtained from the Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs and the industries, while cost data were from workers' compensation records. The insurance company's injury compensation record was triangulated with industries' data. The study collected primary data via an interview-administered, semi-structured questionnaire from 1136 randomly selected injured cases. Statistical analysis was carried out with STATA version 14 software. The study employed a generalized linear model to identify predictors of total cost by considering the non-normal distribution of the total cost. Exponentiate coefficients with a 95% confidence interval were used to express the direction and strength of the association. RESULTS: The survey participation rate was 100%. From the perspective of the employers, the total cost of occupation-related injury was 22,587,635.32 Ethiopian birr (537,800.84 $).Indirect and direct costs accounted for 65.86 and 34.14% of the overall expenses, respectively. Long-term absence from work (exp (b) = 0.85), having a sleeping disorder (exp (b) = 0.90), co-morbidity (exp (b) = 0.85), and severity (type) of injury (exp (b) = 1.11) were predictors significantly associated with the total cost variability in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: Employers' toll of occupation-related injuries has severe economic implications. The influential factors that elevated the total cost variation were: long-term absence from work, unsafe acts of the workers, having a sleeping disorder, co-morbidity, and severity (type) of injury. Therefore, the identified modifiable factors are the areas of intervention to reduce the cost of occupation-related injuries.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Ocupacionais , Humanos , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/etiologia , Açúcares , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Fricção , Ocupações
2.
BMJ Open ; 13(2): e065382, 2023 02 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36828660

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Information regarding workers' practices concerning safety measures in Ethiopia's sugar industries is inadequate. OBJECTIVES: To assess occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia's Metehara and Wonji sugar industries. DESIGN: A convergent parallel mixed design. SETTING: Metehara and Wonji sugar industries in Ethiopia (December 2021 through May 2022). PARTICIPANTS: We used a stratified random sampling method to select 1648 participants for the collection of quantitative data. We employed a purposive sampling method to carry out 20 in-depth interviews in order to gather qualitative data. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We computed the extent of occupational health and safety practices using a 21-item questionnaire. Finally, results were graded as 'good' if ≥60% of them were answered correctly and 'poor' if <60% were correctly answered. We created a qualitative data interpretation from the subject's perspective. RESULTS: The percentage of good occupational health and safety practices was 29.6% (95% CI: 27% to 32%). Inappropriate provision of personal protective equipment (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.42, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.83), a lack of strict safety regulation (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.12), a lack of incentives (AOR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.66) and inadequate management support (AOR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.66) were identified as associated factors. Health service usage defects, inappropriate protective equipment use and failure to follow occupational safety commands were identified as challenges. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational health and safety measures were not used effectively. The qualitative component of this study confirmed that most participants expressed undesirable practices in occupational health and safety measures. Inappropriate protective device provisions, a lack of strict safety regulation, the absence of incentives and inadequate management support were found to be linked with the use of occupational health and safety measures. The contributing factors we identified potentially indicate areas for future intervention.


Assuntos
Saúde Ocupacional , Humanos , Açúcares , Etiópia , Estudos Transversais , Indústrias
3.
BMJ Open Respir Res ; 10(1)2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37567741

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ethiopia's sugar factories are growing by creating job opportunities for thousands of workers with varying educational, professional and socioeconomic backgrounds. These sugar factories are a source of several hazards that severely harm the workers' health. In this context, there is inconclusive evidence on the level of bagasse dust exposure and chronic respiratory health symptoms. This study aimed to assess the degree of bagasse dust exposure and chronic respiratory health symptoms. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, five workstations were selected for dust sampling. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1043 participants. We measured the dust intensity using a calibrated handheld real-time dust monitor once a month for 5 months, totalling 50 dust samples. Chronic respiratory symptoms were assessed using the American Thoracic Society's respiratory symptoms questionnaire. RESULTS: A 1 hour time-weighted average of bagasse dust intensity in the boiler, power turbine and evaporation plant was 8.93 mg/m3, 8.88 mg/m3 and 8.68 mg/m3, respectively. This corresponded to an exposure level to bagasse dust of 85.52% (95% CI 83.2% to 87.6%). The level of chronic respiratory health symptoms was 60.6% (95% CI 59.2% to 61.9%). The most common respiratory symptoms were wheezing (96.8%), coughing (89.7%) and breathlessness (80.9%). The identified risk factors were lack of dust control technology (ß= 0.64, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.75), not practising wet spray (ß = 0.27, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.41) and not wearing proper respiratory protection devices (ß = 0.12, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Bagasse dust exposure and respiratory health abnormalities were worrying concerns. The absence of dust control technologies and no practice of wet spraying elevated the level of exposure. Not wearing proper respiratory protection gear increased the odds of having respiratory abnormalities. Hence, the use of mechanical solutions to stop dust emissions at their sources and the wearing of proper respiratory protection gear are highly advised.


Assuntos
Pneumopatias , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Açúcares , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Pneumopatias/complicações , Poeira/análise
4.
Saf Health Work ; 14(3): 325-331, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37822459

RESUMO

Background: Heat stress is a harmful physical hazard in many occupational settings. However, consequences of occupational heat exposure among workers in a sugarcane factory in Ethiopia are not well characterized. This study aimed to assess the level of occupational heat exposure-related symptoms and contributing factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, five workstations were selected for temperature measurement. Heat stress levels were measured using a wet-bulb globe temperature index meter. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1,524 participants. Heat-related symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results: The level of occupational heat exposure was 72.4% (95% CI: 70.2%-74.8%), while 71.6% (95% CI: 69.3%-74.9%) of participants experienced at least one symptom related to heat stress. The most common heat-related symptoms were swelling of hands and feet (78%), severe thirst (77.8%) and dry mouth (77.4%). The identified risk factors were a lack of reflective shields (AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.17), not-enclosed extreme heat sources (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.51), a lack of access to shade (AOR: 9.62, 95% CI: 6.20, 14.92), and inappropriate protective clothing provision (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.71). Conclusions: The burden of occupational heat exposure and heat-induced symptoms was high. Lack of reflective shields, the absence of enclosed extreme heat sources, a lack of access to shade, and inappropriate protective clothing provision were considerable attributes of heat stress. Therefore, the use of mechanical solutions to stop heat emissions at their sources and the key factors identified were areas for future intervention.

5.
J Public Health Policy ; 43(4): 487-502, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36352261

RESUMO

Personal injuries, illnesses, or deaths resulting from occupational accidents pose critical public health issues with severe social and economic implications. Studies on risk factors for occupational injuries in Africa have been indecisive. This study aimed to identify factors influencing occupational injuries at the regional level and to generate estimates of the contribution of each. Of 603 studies accessed we included 20 that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Workers with temporary employment and those not receiving safety training had higher odds of incurring occupational injuries [AOR = 2.13, 95%CI (1.06, 3.21) and AOR = 1.98, 95%CI (1.21, 2.76), respectively]. Temporary workers often do not benefit from occupational health and safety services to avoid accidents and injuries at work. Use of proper personal protective equipment reduced the odds of sustaining an injury [AOR = 0.60, 95%CI (0.32, 0.88)]. We suggest focusing interventions on the identified modifiable factors to lessen the burden of work-related injuries.


Assuntos
Saúde Ocupacional , Traumatismos Ocupacionais , Humanos , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trabalho , Emprego , África/epidemiologia
6.
Ann Med ; 54(1): 121-131, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35001740

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal intensive care unit is important to save the lives of a sick neonate; however, parents are challenged by several stressful conditions during their stay. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of parents in neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia. METHODS: We used a phenomenological study design. The data were collected using an in-depth interview method from purposively selected parents. In addition, we followed a thematic analysis approach and used Open Code Software Version 4.02 to process the data. RESULTS: In this study, 18 parents were interviewed. The researchers have identified six themes. Parents complained of psychological problems like anxiety, stress, worries, hopelessness, and a state of confusion. In addition, anger, crying, sadness, frustration, dissatisfaction, regret, disappointment, feeling bad, self-blaming, nervousness, disturbance, and lack of self-control were major emotional problems raised by the parents. Parents expressed that health care providers showed indiscipline, lack of commitment, and uncooperative behaviour. Likewise, shortage of medicines, money, and limited time to visit their neonates were the other concerns of many parents. At the same time, parents were provided minimal information and limited cooperation from health care providers. CONCLUSION: Parents whose infants admitted to the NICU were suffered from various psychological and emotional problems. Researchers recommend that health care providers should be supported parents with psycho-emotional problems, strengthen parents-healthcare workers' interaction, and scale up neonatal intensive care unit services to the primary health care centres.KEY MESSAGESParents whose infants admitted to the NICU were suffered from psychological and emotional problems.Poor NICU environment, shortage of equipment, long hospital stay, the presence of pandemic COVID-19, and lack of parental involvement in the care were identified barriers that affected parents' stay.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Etiópia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pais , SARS-CoV-2
7.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy ; 14: 1669-1679, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33907483

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Incomplete vaccination can put children at greater risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases. In Ethiopia, vaccination coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases is still a significant and persistent public health challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Gindhir District, Southeast Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based unmatched case-control design was employed among children aged 12-23 months from 1 to 28 February 2020. A total of 254 cases and 508 controls were included using the stratified random sampling technique. Cases included children aged 12-23 months who missed at least one dose of the routine vaccination, and controls were the children with complete vaccination with all required doses. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors for children's incomplete vaccination status. RESULTS: Of all assessed determinants, maternal knowledge about vaccination (AOR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.80), educational status (AOR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.67), average monthly income (AOR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.77), model family (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.14), taking TT vaccine (AOR= 0.45 95% CI: 0.29, 0.78), number of under five children (AOR= 4.90 95% CI: 1.72, 13.93) and birth order (AOR= 6.33, 95% CI: 1.89, 14.87) were found to have statistically significant association with childhood incomplete vaccination. CONCLUSION: In this study, the mother's education, model family, birth order, average monthly income, and knowledge were some of the independent determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination. Improving maternal knowledge, income, and educational status should be the expectable measure to reduce incomplete vaccination.

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