Reciprocal association between pain and quality of life after newly acquired spinal cord injury.

PURPOSE: Pain is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury (SCI) and a key determinant of quality of life (QoL). This is the first study to examine reciprocal associations between pain and QoL in patients undergoing their first inpatient rehabilitation after SCI. METHODS: Longitudinal data, with three measurement time points (1 month and 3 months after SCI onset, and at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation) from the Inception Cohort of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study. Participants were 381 individuals aged ≥ 16 years with a newly diagnosed traumatic or non-traumatic SCI. 75.1% were male and the average age was 53.2 years. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine the reciprocal association between pain intensity and QoL, as measured with the International SCI QoL Basic Data Set three individual items (satisfaction with life, physical health, and psychological health) and total score (mean of the three individual items). RESULTS: Both item and total QoL scores increased over time. 1 month: 5.3 (SD = 2.7), 3 months: 5.9 (SD = 2.3), discharge: 6.6 (SD = 2.0). Participants reported relatively low levels of pain intensity that remained stable over the course of inpatient rehabilitation. 1 month: 2.7 (SD = 2.3), 3 months: 2.6 (SD = 2.4), discharge: 2.7 (SD = 2.5). There were no significant cross-lagged associations between QoL and pain intensity across time. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that pain intensity does not predict changes in QoL during first rehabilitation, and vice versa. Associations between pain intensity and QoL reported by previous studies may be attributable to individual characteristics and timely events that simultaneously influence pain and QoL.

Does the socioeconomic status predict health service utilization in persons with enhanced health care needs? Results from a population-based survey in persons with spinal cord lesions from Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that the socioeconomic status (SES) affects individuals' health service utilization. Spinal cord injury is a condition that often leads to physical impairments and enhanced health care needs. It therefore presents an informative and yet under-researched case in point to investigate social inequalities in health service utilization. This study aims to describe associations between SES and health service utilization in adults with spinal cord injury from Switzerland. METHODS: We use cross-sectional data from 1,294 participants of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study community survey 2017. SES was operationalized with education, household income, perceived financial hardship, subjective status, and granting of supplementary financial benefits. Health service utilization was assessed with information on visits to 13 different health care providers and four health care institutions (inpatient stays, outpatient clinics, emergency departments, specialized spinal cord centers) during the past 12 months. The dichotomized outcomes on service utilization (visited vs. not visited) were regressed on SES indicators, including adjustments for sociodemographics, lesion characteristics, and health status. RESULTS: Persons with higher SES reported higher likelihood for specialist, dentist, and dental hygienist visits and reported utilizing a larger number of different care providers. Further, specific SES indicators were associated with certain care provider visits (i.e., higher education and subjective status: higher odds for pharmacist visits; higher income: higher odds for natural healer visits; higher subjective status: higher odds for chiropractor visits; supplementary benefit granting: higher odds for general practitioner and home care service visits). We found statistically non-significant trends towards lower likelihood for inpatient stays, outpatient clinic and emergency department visits and enhanced likelihood for specialized spinal cord-center visits in higher SES groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study generally supports the claim that basic health care provision is guaranteed for all patients with spinal cord injury in Switzerland, independently of their SES. However, social inequalities were still observed for the utilization of specific providers, such as oral health care providers. Given that oral health is key for health maintenance in persons with spinal cord injury, specific interventions to enhance regular dental check-ups in lower SES groups are highly recommended.

Reciprocal association between social support and psychological distress in chronic physical health conditions: A random intercept cross-lagged panel model.

The onset of a chronic physical health condition (CHC) can highly impact individuals' well-being and mental health. Social support has been shown to help people rebound after the onset of a CHC. Nonetheless, little is known about the longitudinal pattern of social support and its reciprocal association with mental health in CHC. This study aimed to illustrate the longitudinal pattern of perceived social support and to examine the reciprocal association between perceived social support and psychological distress across 6 years. Two random intercept cross-lagged panel models were conducted, one for emotional and one for practical support, using yearly assessments of 582 Swiss Household Panel's participants reporting a CHC. A reciprocal association was found, with psychological distress 1 year after the onset being linked to less emotional support in the following year and vice versa, more emotional support being linked to less psychological distress the following year. A unidirectional association was found for practical support, with more psychological distress 1 year before the CHC onset being linked to more practical support at the onset year. This study underlines the importance of involving the social environment of individuals living with a CHC, especially around the first year after the onset.

The longitudinal impact of a chronic physical health condition on subjective well-being.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic health conditions (CHC) can have severe impacts on an individual's life, affecting well-being and mental health. Nonetheless, individuals can show different response patterns of psychological adaptation following a CHC onset. This study aimed to identify profiles of subjective well-being (SWB) at 1 year before (T - 1), 1 year after (T + 1), and 4 years after (T + 4) the onset of a physical CHC using seven indicators (health satisfaction, life satisfaction, energy, joy, worry, sadness, anger), examine transitions between the identified profiles, and determine predicting factors of these transitions. METHOD: Latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis was conducted using a sample of 357 participants reporting a physical CHC drawn from the Swiss Household Panel dataset. RESULTS: Three profiles were identified at T - 1: low, high, and very high SWB. At T + 1 and T + 4, a fourth vulnerable profile emerged. Transition analysis showed that, overall, the most probable transition was to stay in similar profiles across time. However, recovery toward higher SWB profiles and delayed reaction toward lower SWB profiles appeared between 1 and 4 years following the CHC onset. Factors predicting recovery patterns from low to high SWB are better health status, fewer negative life events, and financial scarcity, whereas lower emotional stability was related to a delayed reaction from high to low SWB. CONCLUSION: This study underlines the importance of personal factors in the adaptation following CHC onset. Routine assessment of personality traits would enable identifying individuals at greater risk of lower SWB following the onset of a CHC. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological distress trajectories in chronic physical health conditions.

OBJECTIVE: The onset of a chronic health condition (CHC) can have a severe impact on an individual's life, affecting mental and physical health. This study's goal was to investigate psychological distress trajectories starting from 1 year before to 4 years after the onset of a physical CHC. The specific aims were to identify the number and shape of longitudinal psychological distress trajectories and to test health-related, psychological, social, and demographic factors predicting these trajectories. METHOD: Two samples were drawn from the Swiss Household Panel data set: a CHC sample (n = 361) and a 1-to-1 matched comparison sample of healthy individuals. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify psychological distress trajectories over 6 years. Factors predicting trajectories were then tested using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Four psychological distress trajectories were identified in the CHC sample: resilience (53.9%), chronic (22.2%), delayed (15.0%), and recovery (8.9%). In the comparison sample, two trajectories were identified: low psychological distress (90%) and elevated psychological distress (10%). Protective factors associated with resilient trajectory membership in the CHC sample were higher emotional stability, higher relationship satisfaction, and male gender. CONCLUSION: Individuals living with a CHC had an increased risk of vulnerability compared with a sample of healthy individuals. This advocates awareness of mental health issues following the onset of a CHC. In this regard, biopsychosocial factors (gender, emotional stability, and relationship satisfaction) offer prevention and intervention opportunities for more vulnerable individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).