Review on advancements of pyranopyrazole: synthetic routes and their medicinal applications.

Pyranopyrazoles are among the most distinguished, biologically potent, and exciting scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Synthesis and design of pyranopyrazoles using functional modifications via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are thoroughly found in synthetic protocols by forming new C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds. This review aims to focus on the biological importance of pyranopyrazoles as well as on a diverse synthetic approach for their synthesis using various catalytic systems such as acid-catalyzed, base-catalyzed, ionic liquids and green media-catalyzed, nano-particle-catalyzed, metal oxide-supported catalysts, and silica-supported catalysts. In this review, we have summarized data on the advancements in synthesizing pyranopyrazole from the last two decades to the mid-2023 and research papers describing the importance of these scaffolds. This review will be significant for synthetic organic chemists and researchers working in organic chemistry.

Exploring antibiofilm potential of some new imidazole analogs against C. albicans: synthesis, antifungal activity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies.

A series of 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives were synthesized and their antibiofilm potential against Candida albicans was evaluated in vitro. Two of the synthesized derivatives 5e (IC50 = 25 µg/mL) and 5m (IC50 = 6 µg/mL),displayed better antifungal and antibiofilm potential than the standard drug Fluconazole (IC50 = 40 µg/mL) against C. albicans. Based on the in vitro results, we escalated the real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis to gain knowledge of the enzymes expressed in the generation and maintenance of biofilms and the mechanism of biofilm inhibition by the synthesized analogues. We then investigated the possible interactions of the synthesized compounds in inhibiting agglutinin-like proteins, namely Als3, Als4 and Als6 were prominently down-regulated using in-silico molecular docking analysis against the previously available crystal structure of Als3 and constructed structure of Als4 and Als6 using the SWISS-MODEL server. The stability and energy of the agglutinin-like proteins-ligand complexes were evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). According to the 100 ns MDS, all the compounds remained stable, formed a maximum of 3, and on average 2 hydrogen bonds, and Gibb's free energy landscape analysis suggested greater affinity of the compounds 5e and 5m toward Als4 protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.