KMT2 (MLL) family of methyltransferases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The involvement of the KMT2 methyltransferase family in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains elusive. METHOD: This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, employing a search strategy in the LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS: A total of 33 studies involving 4294 individuals with HNSCC were included in this review. The most important alteration was the high mutational frequency in the KMT2C and KMT2D genes, with reported co-occurrence. The expression of the KMT2D gene exhibited considerable heterogeneity across the studies, while limited data was available for the remaining genes. CONCLUSIONS: KMT2C and KMT2D genes seem to have tumor suppressor activities, with involvement of cell cycle inhibitors, regulating different pathways that can lead to tumor progression, disease aggressiveness, and DNA damage accumulation.

Topical interventions for preventing hand-foot syndrome resulting from antineoplastic therapy: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map topical interventions used to prevent hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy. METHOD: This is a scoping review reported in accordance with the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR (extension for scoping review) and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual. The searches were carried out in the electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; and gray literature (Google Scholar, Pro-Quest). RESULTS: The searches resulted in 12,016 references and the final sample consisted of 45 studies. A total of 42 topical interventions were identified, including: moisturizing creams, corticosteroids, acids, mapisal, silymarin, and henna. However, urea was the most cited intervention (62%). As for the presentations of the interventions, they varied among creams, ointments, gels, hydrocolloids, decoctions, patches, powders, oils, and soaps. CONCLUSION: The results allowed reviewing topical interventions, with emphasis on the use of urea and moisturizing creams. However, most of the interventions identified in this review require evaluation in future studies for better understanding of their benefits.

Prevalence of dermatological toxicities in patients with melanoma undergoing immunotherapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized advanced melanoma care; however, their cutaneous side effects have not been definitively elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of cutaneous toxicity in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy and/or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, which encompassed both clinical trials and observational studies describing the dermatological toxicities in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review under the number CRD42018091915. The searches were performed using the CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. RESULTS: A total of 9,802 articles were identified in the databases. The final sample comprised 39 studies. The evaluated drugs were ipilimumab, tremelimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab. The results suggest that the most prevalent side effect was grade 1 and 2 pruritus (24%), followed by grade 1 and 2 rash (21%) and grade 1 and 2 vitiligo (10%). CONCLUSION: The most prevalent side effects in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors are pruritus, rash, and vitiligo, and they are rated mostly as grades 1 and 2 adverse events. Remarkably, vitiligo is most commonly found in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.

Topical interventions for preventing hand-foot syndrome resulting from antineoplastic therapy: A scoping review / Intervenciones tópicas para prevenir el síndrome mano-pie resultante de la terapia antineoplásica: revisión del alcance / Intervenções tópicas para prevenção de síndrome mão-pé decorrente de terapia antineoplásica: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: To map topical interventions used to prevent hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy. Method: This is a scoping review reported in accordance with the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR (extension for scoping review) and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual. The searches were carried out in the electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; and gray literature (Google Scholar, Pro-Quest). Results: The searches resulted in 12,016 references and the final sample consisted of 45 studies. A total of 42 topical interventions were identified, including: moisturizing creams, corticosteroids, acids, mapisal, silymarin, and henna. However, urea was the most cited intervention (62%). As for the presentations of the interventions, they varied among creams, ointments, gels, hydrocolloids, decoctions, patches, powders, oils, and soaps. Conclusion: The results allowed reviewing topical interventions, with emphasis on the use of urea and moisturizing creams. However, most of the interventions identified in this review require evaluation in future studies for better understanding of their benefits.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear las intervenciones tópicas utilizadas para prevenir el síndrome mano-pie en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a terapia antineoplásica. Método: Esta es una revisión del alcance reportada de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de PRISMA-ScR (extensión para la revisión del alcance) y el Manual del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos electrónicas CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; y literatura gris (Google Scholar, Pro-Quest). Resultados: Las búsquedas resultaron en 12.016 referencias y la muestra final estuvo compuesta por 45 estudios. Se identificaron 42 intervenciones tópicas, entre ellas: cremas humectantes, corticoides, ácidos, mapisal, silimarina y henna. Sin embargo, la urea fue la intervención más citada (62%). En cuanto a las presentaciones de las intervenciones, variaron entre cremas, ungüentos, geles, hidrocoloides, decocciones, parches, polvos, aceites y jabones. Conclusión: Los resultados permitieron revisar las intervenciones tópicas, con énfasis en el uso de urea y cremas humectantes. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las intervenciones identificadas en esta revisión deben evaluarse en estudios futuros para mejor comprensión de sus beneficios.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as intervenções tópicas utilizadas para a prevenção da síndrome mão-pé em pacientes com câncer em terapia antineoplásica. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo reportada de acordo com as recomendações do PRISMA-ScR (extensão para revisão de escopo) e o Manual do Instituto Joanna Briggs. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases eletrônicas CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; e literatura cinzenta (Google Scholar, Pro-Quest). Resultados: As buscas resultaram em 12.016 referências e a amostra final foi composta por 45 estudos. Um total de 42 intervenções tópicas foram identificadas, dentre elas: cremes hidratantes, corticosteroides, ácidos, mapisal, silimarina e henna. Entretanto, a ureia foi a intervenção mais citada (62%). Quanto às apresentações das intervenções, estas variaram entre cremes, pomadas, géis, hidrocoloides, decocções, adesivos, pós, óleos e sabões. Conclusão: Os resultados possibilitaram uma recensão das intervenções tópicas, com destaque ao uso da ureia e cremes hidratantes. Todavia, grande parte das intervenções identificadas nesta revisão necessitam ser avaliadas, em estudos futuros, para melhor compreensão dos seus benefícios.