RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Among all psychoactive substances, alcohol consumption presents the most significant public health problem and is a leading risk factor for overall disease burden in Latin America. However, most people who meet criteria for a substance use disorder do not receive treatment in primary or secondary care sources. Community members can play a role in helping people to seek help as they are likely to encounter people experiencing problem drinking and recognize the signs. However, many do not have adequate mental health first aid knowledge or skills to provide help. We aimed to culturally adapt the existing English-language mental health first aid guidelines for helping someone with problem drinking for Argentina and Chile. METHODS: The Delphi consensus method was used to determine the importance of helping actions translated from the English-language guidelines and to add new actions suggested by expert panellists. The importance of each statement was rated by two expert panels. Panel one included people with lived experience (either their own or as a support person, n = 23) recruited in Argentina and panel two included health professionals (n = 31) recruited in Argentina and Chile. RESULTS: Overall, 165 helping actions were endorsed by panellists across two consecutive survey rounds. Endorsed items included 132 of the 182 items translated into Spanish from the English-language guidelines and 33 of the 61 new items generated from panellists' comments in the first survey round. CONCLUSIONS: While there were some similarities in recommended helping actions between English-speaking countries, and Argentina and Chile, key differences were seen in attitudes to low-risk drinking. While there was a relatively high level of agreement between health professionals and people with lived experience, some divergence of opinion was seen, particularly in the area of commitment to recovery as a condition for help. Future research should explore the implementation of the guidelines.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Primeiros Socorros , Alcoolismo/terapia , Argentina , Chile , Técnica Delphi , Primeiros Socorros/métodos , Humanos , Saúde MentalRESUMO
El artículo presenta el desarrollo y evaluación preliminar de la iniciativa Escuela de Monitores en Salud Mental Comunitaria, iniciativa pionera implementada desde 2011 en la comuna de La Pintana de Santiago, orientada a promover la participación comunitaria en salud pública a través de la formación de monitores en salud mental comunitaria. Se describen datos preliminares relativos a tasas de graduación, adherencia a la escuela, encuestas de satisfacción y análisis FODA. Asimismo, se detallan las condiciones para el levantamiento de un proyecto de esta naturaleza, con foco en la articulación tripartita entre el Centro de Salud Mental (COSAM), la Universidad y las Organizaciones Comunitarias. Se discuten las limitaciones y proyecciones de esta iniciativa, enfatizando los rendimientos que la participación comunitaria comporta para los desafíos de la salud mental y el bienestar en el Chile contemporáneo.
The article presents the development and preliminary evaluation of the School for Monitors in Community Mental Health, a pioneering initiative implemented in the Santiago Municipality of La Pintana since 2011 to promote community participation in public health through the training of community mental health monitors. Preliminary data on graduation rates, school attendance, and satisfaction are presented, along with a SWOT analysis. Furthermore, the conditions needed for the establishment of a project of this nature are detailed, with a focus on the tripartite coordination between the Community Mental Health Center (COSAM), University, and community organizations. Limitations and future projections of this initiative are discussed, emphasizing the benefits of community participation for the mental health and well-being challenges currently facing Chile.