Care Provided to Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence From the Perspective of Health Professionals.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a recurring phenomenon in society and can have important repercussions for the lives and health of women worldwide. Even in this alarming global scenario, many health workers still have difficulties approaching IPV with women and providing care for the victims of this type of violence. Given this context, this qualitative study aims at understanding how primary health care professionals provide care for women victims of violence by intimate partners. In view of the methodology design proposed in the Grounded Theory, data collection took place through theoretical sampling. Data collection was carried out in 22 institutions offering primary health care, with 31 female workers from different professional categories being interviewed individually and in depth, including physicians, nurses, dentists, psychologists, and social workers. The results show that, in order to overcome the difficulties encountered in caring for victims of IPV, primary health care workers have been developing strategies for the care of these women. These strategies include identification of such cases through questions about the woman's intimate relationship, by establishing a bond with the victim so that she feels welcomed, and through articulation with other team professionals to propose expanded health care. The interventions carried out by these professionals include meeting the demands of women in the health institution where they work, referral to other services in the network, if necessary, and notification of IPV cases to epidemiological surveillance. Based on this understanding of the care offered by the professionals to women who are victims of IPV in primary health care, the research aims at contributing to the sensitization of professionals working in health institutions regarding the identification of signs that raise suspicion of IPV, as well as at addressing such cases in a way to fully meet these women's needs.

[Constituent elements of masculinity taught/learned in childhood and adolescence of men who are being criminally prosecuted for violence against women/partners]. / Elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência de homens que estão sendo processados criminalmente por violência contra a mulher/parceira.

The scope of this article was to understand the constituent elements of masculinity taught/learnt in childhood/adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence. Oral Life History was used as a methodological reference. Interviews were conducted with 13 men in criminal proceedings for domestic violence. The data were organized according to thematic content analysis and interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework on masculinity. Based on male orality, the constitutive elements of masculinity that were taught/learnt in childhood and adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence went through infidelity, overvaluation of work, family provisioning, imposition of family norms and dominance of power in relation to women. Considering that these elements are rooted in the hegemonic model, preventive actions with a focus on social, financial and health commitment are a pressing requirement.

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância/adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a história oral de vida. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Os dados foram organizados segundo análise de conteúdo temática categorial e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico sobre masculinidade. Com base na oralidade masculina, os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade que foram ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal perpassaram pela infidelidade, supervalorização do trabalho, provisão familiar, imposição de normas familiares e detenção de poder em relação a mulher. Considerando que esses elementos se encontram arraigados no modelo hegemônico, urgem ações preventivas com enfoque no comprometimento social, financeiro e para a saúde.

Perception of men perpetrators of violence about paternity.

OBJECTIVES: to learn about the perception of men in the judicial process due to spousal violence about paternity. METHODS: a descriptive, qualitative study with nine men in the judicial process due to spousal violence. Data were collected through interviews; the men validated the data, which were systematized by the categorical thematic content analysis, and analyzed in light of scientific texts that discuss the subject. RESULTS: the study allowed the creation of three categories: the father is the example for the son; the father must provide for the son's needs; the father corrects the son. CONCLUSIONS: that context reveals the need to re-signify paternity to influence children's education positively.

Impacts of sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence: an integrative review. / Repercussões do abuso sexual vivenciado na infância e adolescência: revisão integrativa.

This article identifies the impacts of sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence. We conducted an integrative literature review in September 2018 using the Virtual Health Library. A search was conducted using the following descriptors: Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents and Sexual Abuse or Child Development. The inclusion criteria were open access full-text original articles published between 2013 and September 2018 in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Sixteen eligible articles were selected after reading the titles and abstracts. The full texts of these articles were read and organized into a table. The studies show that sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence has lifelong psychological, physical, sexual and social impacts. The findings of this study can help alert health care professionals to the importance of investigating the signs and symptoms of sexual abuse given the multiple impacts of abuse on victims' lives.

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as repercussões do abuso sexual experienciado na infância e na adolescência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada no mês de setembro de 2018, a partir da base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Para busca, associou-se os seguintes descritores: Abuso Sexual de Crianças e Adolescentes and (Adultos Sobreviventes de Abuso Sexual or Desenvolvimento Infantil), considerando como critérios de inclusão: artigos originais; disponíveis completos; publicados no período de 2013 a setembro de 2018; nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após a leitura dos títulos e dos resumos, selecionou-se 16 artigos, os quais foram lidos na íntegra e organizados através de uma tabela. Os estudos evidenciaram que pessoas que experienciam abuso sexual na infância e na adolescência apresentam repercussões de ordem psicológica, física, sexual e social, as quais perduram por toda vida. O estudo oferece subsídios para alertar profissionais de saúde quanto à necessidade de investigarem sinais e sintomas sugestivos de abuso sexual, visto que experienciar tal agravo traz inúmeras repercussões para vida das vítimas.

Meanings of intrafamily violence experienced in childhood/adolescence present in the discourses of men.

OBJECTIVE: to unveil the meanings of intrafamily violence experienced in childhood and/or adolescence by men under legal proceedings due to conjugal violence. METHOD: a qualitative research, based on Thematic Oral History and supported by Symbolic Interactionism. Participants were men under legal proceedings due to domestic violence who had experienced or witnessed intrafamily violence in childhood and/or adolescence. RESULTS: the speeches revealed that the intrafamily violence experienced in childhood and/or adolescence was signified as an educational method. The aggressions committed by parents were only perceived as acts of violence in situations considered extreme, such as in cases of using a firearm, handcuffs, and rope. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: considering that the meanings direct human conduct and that they are subject to modification depending on social interactions built throughout life, it is believed that educational strategies that encourage the redefinition of violence can be effective in facing this problem.

Social technology to prevent intimate partner violence: the VID@ Group in actions with men.

OBJECTIVE: To disseminate social technology for men aimed at preventing relationship violence developed by the Violence, Health and Quality of Life study group. METHOD: An experience report about action research aiming at the creation of social technology, based on Paulo Freire's critical-liberating perspective. The target audience consisted of men who had undergone legal proceeding in the Justice Department for Peace in the Home in Salvador (BA). RESULTS: Forty-four (44) men participated in the study. The social technology was organized in eight meetings, the first for presenting the group's proposal and welcoming the participants, the last for evaluative purposes, and the other meetings were thematic with the purpose of encouraging reflection on daily life, aiming at creating and recreating male praxis from the experienced conflicts. CONCLUSION: Considering the possibility of replication in different scenarios, especially due to the low cost, the use of the technology will enable preventing marital violence resulting from resulting from changing male behavior domestic spaces.

Marital violence precipitating/intensifying elements during the Covid-19 pandemic. / Elementos precipitadores/intensificadores da violência conjugal em tempo da Covid-19.

The study aims to identify marital violence precipitating/intensifying elements during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a narrative review of the literature, and the search was carried out in May 2020. We employed the PubCovid-19 platform, which is indexed in the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Excerpta Medica (EMBASE) database. English descriptors "Domestic violence", "COVID-19", and "Intimate Partner Violence" were used in the search, and nine papers were selected for full-text reading. Three empirical categories were elaborated from the exploration of the selected material: Economic instability, Alcohol and other drugs use/abuse, and Weaker women's support network. Support networks for women in situations of marital violence should be expanded in this pandemic context, with emphasis on the use of digital technologies as possible tools for screening pandemic-related violence cases.

Covid-19 Pandemic: reflecting vulnerabilities in the light of gender, race and class. / Pandemia da Covid 19: refletindo as vulnerabilidades a luz do gênero, raça e classe.

This study aims to reflect the impact of COVID 19, considering gender, race, and class markers. This is an exploratory study, with an emphasis on the analysis of selected publications, based on a systematized search on official websites, and on the PubCovid-19 platform that includes papers published on COVID-19, which are indexed in PubMed and EMBASE. This work was based on these documents and built with reflections from the authors from the perspectives of social markers related to gender, race, and class, which contribute to the prognosis of the disease. The reflection carried out from the analyzed literature revealed that the markers of gender, class, and race emerge as a vulnerable condition to the exposure of COVID-19 in the most diverse world scenarios. This context reveals the historical need to implement strategies to improve the lives of this population, not only during the pandemic but also after their passing. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt socioeconomic policies with a more significant impact on the lives of these people and with greater coverage, expanding access to better health, education, housing, and income.

Social attributes of the male that incite the violence by intimate partner.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social attributes of masculinity that incite the practice of conjugal violence. METHOD: Oral Life History was used as a methodological reference. Interviews were conducted with 13 men facing criminal proceedings for conjugal violence linked to the 2nd Vara De Justiça pela Paz Em Casa (2nd Court of Justice for Peace at Home), in the municipality of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in April and July 2018. The data were organized according to thematic content analysis and interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework on gender. RESULTS: Male orality reveals that the engagement in conjugal violence was related to the following constructs of masculinity: dominance over women, role as head of the family, family provider, and exacerbated sexuality. Final Considerations: Considering that some social attributes of masculinity give rise to engagement in conjugal violence, it is necessary to create spaces for reflection on how they are compromising.

Contributions of a social technology from the perspective of men being sued for gender violence.

OBJECTIVES: to discover what were the contributions of the Reflexive Group from the perspective of men being sued by marital violence, who participated in a social technology. METHODS: qualitative study, resulting from the evaluation stage of an action-research, based on the perspective of Critical Freedom and carried out with 44 men who were being sued in the Peace at Home Courts, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: the discourses of men being sued for marital violence showed that the reflections enabled them to share their experiences; understand their attitudes as disrespectful, violent, and liable in criminal courts; elaborate of strategies for a harmonious marital life; and become multipliers as a result of their willingness to socialize the information and knowledge that emerged from their group. CONCLUSIONS: the study presents a successful experience of the participation of men in reflexive groups and is a precedent for the validation of this social technology.

Interface between conjugal violence and alcohol consumption by the partner.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the discourse of women on the interface between marital violence and alcohol use by the partner. METHOD: qualitative exploratory research, based on the methodological reference of oral history. We interviewed 19 women with a history of marital violence and involvement with drugs. The data were analyzed through discourse of the collective subject. RESULTS: the participants' discourse points to consumption of alcohol by partners as a potentiating element of violent episodes, also experienced by their parents, signaling to its transgenerational character; it also calls attention to the danger of marital violence resulting from men's reactions to having their alcohol consumption questioned by their partners. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the study identifies alcohol as a precipitating and/or potentiating factor of conjugal violence, as well as the intergenerational character of violence based on male domination and intolerance.

Naturalization, reciprocity and marks of marital violence: male defendants' perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze male criminals' perception about marital violence. METHOD: An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study undertaken with 23 men who were criminally prosecuted for marital violence. A multimethod data collection was conducted, with individual interview and focal group techniques combined, between May and December 2015. The data collected were initially categorized using the NVIVO® 11 software program, and then organized using the Collective Subject Discourse method. RESULTS: the collective discourses reveal that, in the male's perception, conjugal violence is inherent in a marital relationships: it is a private, reciprocal problem that leaves body marks. CONCLUSION: gender dissymmetry as a social construct is evidenced, signaling the need to create spaces for reflection and re-signification of men and women, from a gender perspective.

Prevalence and factors associated with experience of intrafamilial violence by teenagers in school.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of intrafamilial violence experience and its association with sociodemographic, sexual and use of alcohol/drugs variables in teenagers of a public school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 239 teenagers. Data were collected through structured instrument, analyzed according to descriptive and inferential statistics, with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Research pointed out a high prevalence of intrafamilial violence among teenagers (60.67%). Experience of this grievance was associated, with statistical significance, with the variables: higher age range (PR = 1.83 and 95%CI: 1.05 - 3.18) and regular use of condom (PR = 1.81 and 95%CI: 1.06 - 3.08). Violence was also associated with consumption of alcohol and marijuana. CONCLUSION: Regular use of condom and consumption of alcohol and/or marijuana represent risk behaviors to the experience of intrafamilial violence by teenagers in school, especially older than 15 years old.

Theoretical-explanatory model of the care provided to women in situations of violence in primary health care / Modelo teórico-explicativo de la atención provista a las mujeres en situaciones de violencia en el ámbito de la atención primaria / Modelo teórico-explicativo do cuidado à mulher em situação de violência na atenção primária

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a theoretical-explanatory model of the care provided to women in situations of intimate partner violence in the context of Primary Health Care. Method: a study with a qualitative approach, whose theoretical-methodological contribution adopted was the updated Straussian strand of the Grounded Theory. Between February and December 2019, individual interviews were conducted with 31 professionals who worked in Family Health Units in the Health District of a capital from northeastern Brazil, members of the minimum team (first sample group) and of the Expanded Family and Primary Care Health Center (second sample group). The data were organized using an analytical tool called Paradigmatic Model, consisting of three components: condition, action-interaction and consequences. Results: the theoretical-explanatory model of the phenomenon called "enabling the empowerment of women in situations of intimate partner violence" allowed understanding the meanings attributed by the professionals to the care offered to women in situations of intimate partner violence within the scope of the Family Health Strategy. Conclusion: the model of care provided to women in situations of intimate partner violence, based on identification of the problem and intervention in the cases, is limited due to the characteristics of the organization of the services. In this sense, the study points to the importance of managerial actions to achieve favorable outcomes for female empowerment and consequent confrontation of violence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar un modelo teórico-explicativo de la atención provista a las mujeres en situaciones de violencia conyugal en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método: estudio de enfoque cualitativo, donde se adoptó el aporte teórico-metodológico de la vertiente Straussiana actualizada de la Teoría Fundamentada en los Dados. Entre los meses de febrero y diciembre de 2019 se realizaron entrevistas individuales con 31 profesionales que se desempeñaban en Unidades de Salud de la Familia del Distrito Sanitario de una capital del noreste de Brasil, integrantes del equipo mínimo (primer grupo muestral) y del Centro Extendido de Salud de la Familia y Atención Básica (segundo grupo muestral). Los datos se organizaron por medio de la herramienta analítica denominada Modelo Paradigmático, conformado por tres componentes: condición, acción-interacción y consecuencias. Resultados: el modelo teórico-explicativo del fenómeno denominado "Viabilizar el empoderamiento de las mujeres en situaciones de violencia conyugal" permitió comprender los significados atribuidos por los profesionales a la atención ofrecida a las mujeres en situaciones de violencia conyugal en el ámbito de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Conclusión: el modelo de atención a las mujeres en situaciones de violencia doméstica, basado en la identificación del problema y en la intervención frente a los casos, se encuentra limitado como consecuencia de las características de la organización de los servicios. En este sentido, el estudio señala la importancia de acciones de gestión a fin de lograr resultados favorables para el empoderamiento femenino y el consiguiente afrontamiento de la violencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar um modelo teórico-explicativo do cuidado à mulher em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo com abordagem qualitativa, cujo aporte teórico-metodológico adotado foi a vertente straussiana atualizada da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Entre os meses de fevereiro e dezembro de 2019 foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 31 profissionais que atuavam em Unidades de Saúde da Família do Distrito Sanitário de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro, integrantes da equipe mínima (primeiro grupo amostral) e do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (segundo grupo amostral). Os dados foram organizados por meio da ferramenta analítica denominada modelo paradigmático, composto por três componentes: condição, ação-interação e consequências. Resultados: o modelo teórico-explicativo do fenômeno "Viabilizando o empoderamento da mulher em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo" permitiu a compreensão dos significados atribuídos pelos profissionais aos cuidados ofertados à mulher em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo no âmbito da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Conclusão: o modelo de cuidado à mulher em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo, pautado na identificação do agravo e intervenção diante dos casos, encontra-se limitado em decorrência das características da organização dos serviços. Nesse sentido, o estudo aponta para a importância de ações da gestão para o alcance de desfechos favoráveis para o empoderamento feminino e o consequente enfrentamento da violência.

Perception of men perpetrators of violence about paternity / Percepción de los hombres perpetradores de violencia sobre la paternidad / Percepção de homens perpetradores de violência acerca da paternidade

ABSTRACT Objectives: to learn about the perception of men in the judicial process due to spousal violence about paternity. Methods: a descriptive, qualitative study with nine men in the judicial process due to spousal violence. Data were collected through interviews; the men validated the data, which were systematized by the categorical thematic content analysis, and analyzed in light of scientific texts that discuss the subject. Results: the study allowed the creation of three categories: the father is the example for the son; the father must provide for the son's needs; the father corrects the son. Conclusions: that context reveals the need to re-signify paternity to influence children's education positively.

RESUMEN Objetivos: conocer la percepción de hombres en proceso judicial por violencia de pareja acerca de la paternidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo, con nueve hombres en proceso judicial por violencia de pareja. La recolecta ocurrió por medio de entrevista, y los datos fueron validados por los hombres, sistematizados con base en el análisis de contenido temático categorial y analizados a la luz de textos científicos que tratan de la temática. Resultados: el estudio permitió la creación de tres categorías: El padre es el ejemplo para el hijo; El padre debe proveer las necesidades del hijo; El padre corrige el hijo. Conclusiones: ese contexto revela la necesidad de la resignificación de la paternidad para influenciar positivamente la educación de los hijos.

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer a percepção de homens em processo judicial por violência conjugal acerca da paternidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, com nove homens em processo judicial por violência conjugal. A coleta ocorreu por meio de entrevista, e os dados foram validados pelos homens, sistematizados com base na análise de conteúdo temática categorial e analisados à luz de textos científicos que tratam da temática. Resultados: o estudo permitiu a criação de três categorias: O pai é o exemplo para o filho; O pai deve prover as necessidades do filho; O pai corrige o filho. Conclusões: esse contexto revela a necessidade da ressignificação da paternidade para influenciar positivamente a educação dos filhos.

Elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência de homens que estão sendo processados criminalmente por violência contra a mulher/parceira / Constituent elements of masculinity taught/learned in childhood and adolescence of men who are being criminally prosecuted for violence against women/partners

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância/adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a história oral de vida. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Os dados foram organizados segundo análise de conteúdo temática categorial e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico sobre masculinidade. Com base na oralidade masculina, os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade que foram ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal perpassaram pela infidelidade, supervalorização do trabalho, provisão familiar, imposição de normas familiares e detenção de poder em relação a mulher. Considerando que esses elementos se encontram arraigados no modelo hegemônico, urgem ações preventivas com enfoque no comprometimento social, financeiro e para a saúde.

Abstract The scope of this article was to understand the constituent elements of masculinity taught/learnt in childhood/adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence. Oral Life History was used as a methodological reference. Interviews were conducted with 13 men in criminal proceedings for domestic violence. The data were organized according to thematic content analysis and interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework on masculinity. Based on male orality, the constitutive elements of masculinity that were taught/learnt in childhood and adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence went through infidelity, overvaluation of work, family provisioning, imposition of family norms and dominance of power in relation to women. Considering that these elements are rooted in the hegemonic model, preventive actions with a focus on social, financial and health commitment are a pressing requirement.

Implicações para homens do afastamento do(a) filho(a) devido medida protetiva de urgência / Impacto en los hombres del distanciamiento del(la) hijo(a) debido a medida protectora de urgencia / Implications for men of separation from their children due to emergency protective measure

Resumo Objetivo Desvelar as implicações para os homens do afastamento pai-filho(a) em decorrência de medida protetiva por violência conjugal. Métodos Estudo descritivo exploratório, abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com nove homens que respondiam a processo judicial por violência conjugal junto às 1ª e 2ª Varas de Justiça pela Paz em Casa de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. A pesquisa ocorreu por meio da entrevista semiestruturada, tendo seu conteúdo gravado, transcrito e, em seguida, submetido à validação pelos homens. Os dados foram sistematizados com base nos passos preconizados pela análise de conteúdo temática categorial. Resultados O estudo revela que o afastamento pai-filho em decorrência da medida protetiva de urgência suscita no rompimento do vínculo paterno, fomentando o desenvolvimento de problemas psicoemocionais, como ansiedade, depressão e ideação suicida, muitas vezes somatizados e expressos desde cefaleia até condições que necessitam de cuidados hospitalares. Conclusão O comprometimento do exercício da paternidade viola também o direito de crianças e adolescentes ao convívio com a figura paterna. Deste modo, há grande necessidade de que a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde dos Homens contemple uma gestão que priorize ações preventivas para a violência, assim como desempenhe acompanhamento psicossocial aos homens.

Resumen Objetivo Revelar el impacto en los hombres del distanciamiento padre-hijo(a) como consecuencia de medidas protectoras por violencia conyugal. Métodos Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, enfoque cualitativo, llevado a cabo con nueve hombres que respondían a juicio por violencia conyugal en el 1º y 2º Juzgado de Justicia por la Paz en Casa de Salvador, estado de Bahia, Brasil. La investigación se realizó a través de encuesta semiestructurada, con grabación y transcripción del contenido, y luego sometido a su validación por los hombres. Los datos fueron sistematizados con base en los pasos preconizados por el análisis de contenido temático de la categoría. Resultados El estudio revela que el distanciamiento padre-hijo como consecuencia de medidas protectoras de urgencia provoca la ruptura del vínculo paterno y fomenta el desarrollo de problemas psicoemocionales, como ansiedad, depresión e ideación suicida, muchas veces somatizados y expresados desde una cefalea hasta condiciones que necesitan cuidados hospitalarios. Conclusión El comprometimiento del ejercicio de la paternidad también viola el derecho de niños y adolescentes a convivir con la figura paterna. De este modo, hay una gran necesidad de que la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud de los Hombres contemple una gestión que establezca prioridades en acciones preventivas contra la violencia, así como también realice un seguimiento psicosocial de los hombres.

Abstract Objective To unveil the implications for men of father-son estrangement as a result of a protective measure for conjugal violence. Methods This is an exploratory descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, developed with nine men who were responding to a lawsuit for conjugal violence at the 1st and 2nd Courts of Justice of the Peace in Casa de Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The research took place through a semi-structured interview, with its content recorded, transcribed and then submitted for validation by the men. Data were systematized based on the steps recommended by the categorical thematic content analysis. Results The study reveals that the father-son estrangement as a result of an emergency protective measure causes paternal bond rupture, promoting the development of psycho-emotional problems, such as anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation, often somatized and expressed from headache to conditions that require hospital care. Conclusion The commitment to the exercise of paternity also violates the right of children and adolescents to live with their father figure. Thus, there is a great need for the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Care for Men's Health to include a management that prioritizes preventive actions against violence as well as providing psychosocial support to men.

Papel paterno nas relações familiares: revisão integrativa / Rol paterno en las relaciones familiares: revisión integradora / Paternal role in family relations: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no mês de setembro de 2020, por meio da consulta no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior nas bases de dados Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando os descritores associados pelos operadores booleanos da seguinte forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Foram incluídas produções primárias, publicadas nos anos de 2009 a 2020, considerando a implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, disponíveis na íntegra, de forma gratuita e excluídos os materiais que não evidenciaram, de forma clara, o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Foram encontrados 1365 materiais científicos e, após a seleção seguindo as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, foram incluídos 15 artigos. Resultados O papel paterno é descrito por meio de ações de cuidado, educação e provisão dos filhos. O cuidado foi desvelado através de ações voltadas à manutenção da vida, iniciando ainda na concepção e se estendendo durante a infância e adolescência. Nesse ciclo, o pai aparece na condição de educador, sobretudo, a partir do exemplo que conduz os filhos em suas vidas futuras. A provisão, por sua vez, esteve atrelada à garantia da subsistência familiar pela figura paterna. Conclusão A compreensão acerca dos papéis poderá direcionar a prática profissional a fim de estimular o envolvimento masculino no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dos filhos.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada el mes de septiembre de 2020, por medio da consulta al Portal de Periódicos de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior en las bases de datos Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando los descriptores asociados por los operadores booleanos de la siguiente forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Se incluyeron las producciones primarias, publicadas en los años de 2009 a 2020, considerando la implementación de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre, disponibles en su totalidad, de forma gratuita y excluidos los materiales que no evidenciaron de forma clara, el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Se encontraron 1365 materiales científicos y, después de la selección siguiendo las recomendaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, fueron incluidos 15 artículos. Resultados El rol paterno se describe por medio de acciones de cuidado, educación y provisión de los hijos. El cuidado se desveló a través de acciones direccionadas al mantenimiento de la vida, iniciando todavía en la concepción y extendiéndose durante la infancia y la adolescencia. En ese ciclo, el padre aparece en la condición de educador, principalmente, a partir del ejemplo que conduce a los hijos en sus vidas futuras. La provisión, a su vez, estuvo vinculada con la garantía de la subsistencia familiar por la figura paterna. Conclusión La comprensión sobre los roles podrá direccionar la práctica profesional con la finalidad de estimular la involucración masculina en el acompañamiento del desarrollo de los hijos.

Abstract Objective To describe the paternal role in family relationships. Methods This is an integrative literature review carried out in September 2020, by consulting the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in the Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) databases, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) using the descriptors associated by the Boolean operators as follows: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Primary productions published from 2009 to 2020 were included, considering the implementation of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Care for Men's Health, available in full, free of charge, and materials that did not clearly show paternal role in family relationships. 1,365 scientific materials were found and, after selection following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes, 15 articles were included. Results Paternal role is described through actions of care, education and provision for children. Care was unveiled through actions aimed at maintaining life, starting at conception and extending into childhood and adolescence. In this cycle, the father appears as an educator, above all, based on the example that leads the children in their future lives. The provision, in turn, was linked to the guarantee of family subsistence by the paternal figure. Conclusion Understanding the roles can guide professional practice in order to encourage male involvement in monitoring the development of children.

Meanings of intrafamily violence experienced in childhood/adolescence present in the discourses of men / Significados de la violencia intrafamiliar experimentada en la niñez/adolescencia presentes en los discursos de hombres / Significados da violência intrafamiliar vivenciada na infância/adolescência presentes nos discursos de homens

ABSTRACT Objective: to unveil the meanings of intrafamily violence experienced in childhood and/or adolescence by men under legal proceedings due to conjugal violence. Method: a qualitative research, based on Thematic Oral History and supported by Symbolic Interactionism. Participants were men under legal proceedings due to domestic violence who had experienced or witnessed intrafamily violence in childhood and/or adolescence. Results: the speeches revealed that the intrafamily violence experienced in childhood and/or adolescence was signified as an educational method. The aggressions committed by parents were only perceived as acts of violence in situations considered extreme, such as in cases of using a firearm, handcuffs, and rope. Final considerations: considering that the meanings direct human conduct and that they are subject to modification depending on social interactions built throughout life, it is believed that educational strategies that encourage the redefinition of violence can be effective in facing this problem.

RESUMEN Objetivos: develar los significados de la violencia intrafamiliar vivida en la infancia y/o adolescencia por hombres en procesos judiciales por violencia conyugal. Método: investigación cualitativa, basada en el método de Historia Oral Temática y sustentada en el marco teórico del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Los participantes fueron hombres en procesos judiciales por violencia intrafamiliar que habían experimentado o presenciado violencia intrafamiliar en la niñez y/o adolescencia. Resultados: los discursos revelaron que la violencia intrafamiliar vivida en la niñez y/o adolescencia se significó como método educativo. Las agresiones cometidas por los padres solo fueron percibidas como actos de violencia en situaciones consideradas extremas, como en los casos de uso de arma de fuego, esposas y cuerdas. Consideraciones finales: considerando que los significados dirigen la conducta humana y que están sujetos a modificación en función de las interacciones sociales construidas a lo largo de la vida, se cree que las estrategias educativas que incentiven la redefinición de la violencia pueden ser efectivas para enfrentar esta problemática.

RESUMO Objetivos: desvelar os significados da violência intrafamiliar vivenciada na infância e/ou adolescência por homens em processo jurídico por violência conjugal. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada no método da História Oral Temática e respaldada pelo referencial teórico do Interacionismo Simbólico. Os participantes foram homens em processo jurídico por violência conjugal que tinham experienciado ou testemunhado violência intrafamiliar na infância e/ou adolescência. Resultados: os discursos revelaram que a violência intrafamiliar vivenciada na infância e/ou adolescência foi significada enquanto método educativo. As agressões cometidas pelos pais somente foram percebidas como atos de violência em situações consideradas extremas, como em casos de uso de arma de fogo, algemas e corda. Considerações finais: considerando que os significados direcionam as condutas humanas e que os mesmos são passíveis de modificação a depender das interações sociais construídas ao longo da vida, acredita-se que estratégias educativas que estimulem a ressignificação da violência possam ser eficazes no enfrentamento desse agravo.

Praxiologia do cuidado de saúde homens que convivem com a Diabetes e a Hipertensão Arterial / Health care praxiology men living with diabetes and hypertension / Hombres de praxiología de la salud que viven con diabetes e hipertensión

Objetivo: Aprender as práticas de cuidado de saúde exercitadas por homens em situação de adoecimento crônico. Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado com 38 homens idosos que conviviam com a Diabetes e a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica em um município da Bahia, Brasil. Realizamos entrevista individual submetida à análise pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, suportado pela Teoria das Transições. Resultados: A praxiologia do cuidado de saúde dos homens esteve configurada pelo desenvolvimento de aprendizados e aquisições de habilidades específicas sobre a doença crônica; reeducação familiar; adesão às terapêuticas tradicionais face a utilização dos fitoterápicos, de saberes ancestrais e populares; a promoção de atividade física e repouso; o controle de modificações nos órgãos e no corpo e a promoção do bem-estar psicológico e a superação do sofrimento. Conclusão: As práticas de cuidado estão constituídas a partir das vivências masculinas na experiência do adoecimento crônico pela Diabetes Mellitus e a Hipertensão Arterial, que ao seu modo, implicam em mobilizações das masculinidades ao encontro de atos, atitudes, ações direcionadas à convivência com a doença, o seu enfrentamento e a significação a partir das oportunidades e dos acessos que estão disponíveis no território.

Objective: Objective: To learn the health care practices exercised by men in a situation of chronic illness. Method: Qualitative study carried out with 38 elderly men who lived with Diabetes and Systemic Arterial Hypertension in a city in Bahia, Brazil. We conducted an individual interview submitted to analysis using the Collective Subject Discourse method, supported by the Transition Theory. Results: The praxiology of men's health care was shaped by the development of learning and the acquisition of specific skills about chronic disease; family reeducation; adherence to traditional therapies in view of the use of herbal medicines, ancestral and popular knowledge; the promotion of physical activity and rest; the control of changes in organs and body and the promotion of psychological well-being and the overcoming of suffering. Conclusion: Care practices are constituted from male experiences in the experience of chronic illness due to Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension, which, in their own way, imply mobilizations of masculinities to meet acts, attitudes, actions directed to living with the disease, its confrontation and the significance from the opportunities and accesses that are available in the territory.

Objetivo: Conocer las prácticas asistenciales que ejercen los hombres en situación de enfermedad crónica. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado con 38 hombres mayores que vivían con Diabetes e Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica en una ciudad de Bahía, Brasil. Realizamos una entrevista individual sometida a análisis utilizando el método del Discurso Colectivo del Sujeto, apoyado en la Teoría de la Transición. Resultados: La praxiología del cuidado de la salud de los hombres fue moldeada por el desarrollo del aprendizaje y la adquisición de habilidades específicas sobre enfermedades crónicas; reeducación familiar; adherencia a las terapias tradicionales en vista del uso de hierbas medicinales, conocimientos ancestrales y populares; la promoción de la actividad física y el descanso; el control de los cambios en los órganos y el cuerpo y la promoción del bienestar psicológico y la superación del sufrimiento. Conclusión: Las prácticas de cuidado se constituyen a partir de vivencias masculinas en la vivencia de enfermedad crónica por Diabetes Mellitus e Hipertensión Arterial, que, a su manera, implican movilizaciones de masculinidades para enfrentar actos, actitudes, acciones encaminadas a convivir con la enfermedad. , su enfrentamiento y la trascendencia de las oportunidades y accesos que se encuentran disponibles en el territorio.