Effect of Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus buchneri, or their combination on the fermentation and nutritive value of sorghum silage and corn silage.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of inoculation with Lactobacillus hilgardii with or without Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation, chemical composition, and aerobic stability of sorghum and corn silage after 2 ensiling durations. Sorghum forage was harvested at 27% dry matter (DM; experiment 1), and different corn hybrids were harvested at late (43.8% DM; experiment 2) or normal maturity (34% DM; experiment 3). All harvested forages were chopped and ensiled in quadruplicate in vacuum-sealed nylon-polyethylene bags (40 × 61 cm) for 30 and 90 d after treatment with (1) deionized water (uninoculated) or (2) L. buchneri (1.5 × 105 cfu/g of fresh weight; LB); (3) L. hilgardii (1.5 × 105 cfu/g of fresh weight; LH); or (4) L. buchneri and L. hilgardii (1.5 × 105 cfu/g of fresh weight of each inoculant). Data for each experiment were analyzed separately accounting for the 2 × 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Inoculating sorghum forage with LB or LH separately increased acetate and 1,2 propanediol concentration, tended to increase DM loss, reduced lactate concentration and the lactate-to-acetate ratio, and increased aerobic stability after 90 but not after 30 d of ensiling. Inoculating late-harvested corn silage with LB or LH separately increased and decreased DM loss, respectively, increased 1,2 propanediol concentration, reduced lactate-to-acetate ratio and yeast counts but did not affect aerobic stability. Inoculating normal-harvested corn silage with LH reduced DM loss and increased 1,2 propanediol concentration and yeast counts; LB reduced lactate concentration, lactate-to-acetate ratio, and total acids. Either inoculant alone increased aerobic stability after 30 or 90 d. The main benefit of combining LB with LH was prevention of increases in DM losses by LH or LB separately. No improvement in aerobic stability resulted from applying LH instead of LB separately or from combining them. Application of LB or LH separately improved aerobic stability of sorghum silage after 90 d and normal-harvested corn silage after 30 or 90 d but did not affect that of late-harvested corn silage.

Complicaciones quirúrgicas del abordaje endoscópico endonasal transesfenoidal en macroadenomas hipofisarios no funcionantes: estudio de centro único.

ANTECEDENTES: Los abordajes quirúrgicos de la región selar han sido un reto para los neurocirujanos. Con la introducción de la técnica endoscópica se ha minimizado el trauma quirúrgico, pero esta técnica no se encuentra exenta de complicaciones. OBJETIVO: Describir nuestra experiencia institucional en pacientes sometidos a resección de macroadenomas hipofisarios por vía microquirúrgica endonasal transesfenoidal asistida por endoscopia con énfasis en las complicaciones resultantes. MÉTODO: Revisamos los expedientes electrónicos de 17 pacientes sometidos a dicho procedimiento de manera consecutiva entre 2017 y 2018, y recabamos variables como edad, sexo, clasificación imagenológica, tiempo de diagnóstico al momento de la cirugía, complicaciones posoperatorias y recurrencia. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 45.23 años y el 70.59% eran mujeres. Radiológicamente predominó el grado 2 Knosp (47.05%). La complicación principal fue diabetes insípida transitoria (23.52%), seguida por la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo (11.76%). CONCLUSIONES: El manejo microquirúrgico asistido por endoscopia ha demostrado ser un recurso valioso para tratar macroadenomas hipofisarios, pero presenta grados variables de complicaciones, por lo cual se requiere la adquisición de habilidades para el uso del endoscopio, la planeación preoperatoria adecuada y el manejo conjunto multidisciplinario con el fin de evitarlas. BACKGROUND: Surgical approaches to the sellar region have been a challenge for the neurosurgeon. With the introduction of the endoscopic technique, surgical trauma has been minimized, however it is not free of complications. OBJECTIVE: To describe our institutional experience in patients undergoing resection of pituitary macroadenomas by endoscopic-assisted microsurgical approach, with emphasis on the resulting complications. METHOD: We reviewed the electronic files of 17 patients who underwent this procedure consecutively between 2017 and 2018, collecting variables such as age, sex, imaging classification, time of diagnosis at the time of surgery, postoperative complications and recurrence. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 45.23 years, with 70.59% women. Radiologically, grade 2 Knosp predominated (47.05%). The main complication was transient diabetes insipidus (23.52%) followed by cerebrospinal fluid fistula (11.76%). CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic-assisted microsurgical approach has proven to be a valuable resource for treating pituitary macroadenomas, however it presents variable degrees of complications, which requires the acquisition of skills for the use of the endoscope, adequate preoperative planning, and multidisciplinary joint management in order to avoid them.

Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual?

BACKGROUND: In December 2019, in Wuhan, a new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) secondary to infection by a type of coronavirus, causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has had implications in the central nervous system. COVID-19 is known to be characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction, causing ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular syndromes. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 27-year-old male patient case with progressive decrease in visual acuity, associated with respiratory symptoms and intense headache. Multilobar infiltrate with a reticulonodular pattern is evident on chest CT scan. Brain CT scan with pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy was shown. SARS-Cov2 was confirmed, and respiratory support initiated. However, the patient died shortly afterward, secondary to pulmonary complications. CONCLUSION: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) II receptor is expressed in circumventricular organs and in cerebrovascular endothelial cells, which play a role in vascular autoregulation and cerebral blood flow. For this reason, is rational the hypothesize that brain ACE II could be involved in COVID-19 infection. Underlying mechanisms require further elucidation in the future.

Retroclival and spinal subdural hematoma after traumatic brain injury - A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Retroclival hematomas are rare and occur mostly in the pediatric population. They are variously attributed to trauma, apoplexy, and vascular lesions. With motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), the mechanism of traumatic injury is forced flexion and extension. There may also be associated cervical spinal and/or clivus fractures warranting fusion. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 35-year-old male sustained a traumatic brain injury after a fall of 5 m at work. His Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on admission was 13 (M6V3O4). He had no cranial nerve deficits. The brain computed tomography (CT) showed a retroclival subdural hematoma that extended to the C2 level. CONCLUSIONS: Most retroclival hematomas are attributed to MVAs, and cranial CT and magnetic resonance studies typically demonstrate a combination of posterior fossa hemorrhage with retroclival hematomas (intra or extradural). Patients with retroclival hematomas but high GCS scores on admission usually have better prognoses following traumatic brain injuries attributed to MVA. Notable however is the frequent association with additional cervical and/or craniocervical injuries (e.g. such as odontoid fracture) that may warrant surgery/fusión.

Benzoxazoles as novel herbicidal agents.

BACKGROUND: Despite the need to develop new herbicides with different modes of action, due to weed resistance, many important classes of compounds have been studied poorly for this purpose. Benzoxazoles are considered privileged structures because of their biological activities, but their phytotoxic activities have not received a lot of attention until now. RESULTS: Double vinylic substitution reactions were carried out to furnish four 2-nitromethylbenzoxazoles and one oxazolidine. Benzoxazol-2-ylmethanamine was obtained by reduction of compound 3a. These compounds were evaluated for their phytotoxicity in Allium cepa (onion), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum). Comparison with oxazolidine analogue allowed us to understand that the benzoxazolic structure is very important for the herbicidal activity. CONCLUSION: All the synthesized compounds exhibited biological activity on seed germination. The four 2-nitromethylbenzoxazoles showed phytotoxic activity and the 5-chloro-2-(nitromethyl)benzo[d]oxazole (3b) exhibited higher inhibition than the commercial herbicide against all four plant species tested. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Novel platensimycin derivatives with herbicidal activity.

BACKGROUND: Faced with the need to develop herbicides with different modes of action on account of weed resistance to existing herbicides, the sesquiterpene lactones can be the starting point in the search for new bioactive compounds. Lumisantonin and five novel amides have been evaluated against two monocotyledons and three dicotyledons. RESULTS: An efficient and versatile synthesis of lumisantonin and the five novel amides has been accomplished from readily available α-santonin. These compounds were subjected to evaluation for their biological activity against Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Allium cepa (onion), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Bidens pilosa (beggartick). Lumisantonin has inhibited the development of the aerial parts of sorghum and onion by 76 and 67% at 1000 µM respectively. One of the novel amides has prevented the growth of shoots and radicles of sorghum by 80 and 71% at 1000 µM respectively. CONCLUSION: All of the tested compounds have been found to exhibit promising seed germination inhibition. We can conclude that lumisantonin was on average the most lethal against all plant species evaluated; however, two of the novel amides have exhibited inhibition selectivity against monocotyledons when compared with dicotyledons. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Brain hemorrhage after electrical burn injury: Case report and probable mechanism.

BACKGROUND: High-voltage electric injury may induce lesion in different organs. In addition to the local tissue damage, electrical injuries may lead to neurological deficits, musculoskeletal damage, and cardiovascular injury. Severe vascular damage may occur making the blood vessels involved prone to thrombosis and spontaneous rupture. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we present the case of a 39-year-old male who suffered an electrical burn with high tension wire causing intracranial bleeding. He presented with an electrical burn in the parietal area (entry zone) and the left forearm (exit zone). The head tomography scan revealed an intraparenchimatous bleeding in the left parietal area. In this case, the electric way was the scalp, cranial bone, blood vessels and brain, upper limb muscle, and skin. The damage was different according to the dielectric property in each tissue. The injury was in the scalp, cerebral blood vessel, skeletal muscle, and upper limb skin. The main damage was in brain's blood vessels because of the dielectric and geometric features that lead to bleeding, high temperature, and gas delivering. CONCLUSION: This is a report of a patient with an electric brain injury that can be useful to elucidate the behavior of the high voltage electrical current flow into the nervous system.

Asociación entre la radiografía de tórax y pruebas bacteriológicas e inmunológica y comorbilidades más frecuentes en pacientes con tuberculosis atendidos en el Hospital Nacional General y de Psiquiatría Dr. José Molina Martínez / Association between chest X-ray and bacteriological and immunological tests and Most frequent comorbidities in patients with tuberculosis treated at the National Hospital General and Psychiatry Dr. Jose Molina Martinez

La tuberculosis en una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, que puede cursar sin síntomas en personas sanas. El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en, analizar la relación entre las pruebas bacteriológicas, inmunológica y las radiografías de tórax y comorbilidad más frecuente en pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con tuberculosis pulmonar. Se planteó un estudio transversal analítico, se realizó una revisión de la base de datos de vigilancia epidemiológica de El Salvador de los años 2015 al 2017 del Hospital Nacional General y de Psiquiatría "Dr. José Molina Martínez"; se realizó revisión de expedientes clínicos de cada paciente para establecer las características sociodemográficas de la población y recolectar información de los resultados de las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas. Pacientes que cumplieron criterios de inclusión n=37. La información se procesó en Epi Info 4.2. Los resultados establecen que: Rayos X de tórax positivos en un 86%, prueba de baciloscopia positiva en el 62%, prueba GeneXpert positiva en el 58%; y el derivado proteico purificado (PPD) positivo en el 100% de los pacientes. Al analizar la asociación de variables se utilizó Prueba exacta de Fisher, la asociación entre Rayos X de tórax y baciloscopia da un OR de 22 con p<0.05 (p=0.016); y entre PPD y Rayos X de tórax se obtiene p<0.001 (p=0.001) El resto de las pruebas como el cultivo LJ y el GeneXpert no tuvieron asociación significativa. La prueba bacteriológica que más se asocia con los resultados radiológicos positivos es la baciloscopia y le sigue la PPD

Aislamiento de Cándida sp. en cultivos de catéteres intravasculares en un hospital de alta complejidad: 2008 y 2009, Lima-Perú / Isolation of Candida sp. in cultures of intravascular catheters in a hospital of high complexity: 2008-2009, Lima-Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de aislamiento de Cándida en cultivos de CIV en un hospital de alta complejidad entre los años 2008 y 2009 y describir las características clínicas de los pacientes. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se revisaron 783 registros de cultivos de catéter intravascular (CIV) de la sección microbiología del Laboratorio Central del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, desde enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2009, así como la historia clínica de los pacientes con cultivo positivo a Cándida sp. Para la estadística se utilizó la hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel 2007, así como el programa estadístico Epi Info versión 3.4.3. Resultados: Se encontraron 467 (59,6%) cultivos positivos; 425 (91%) fueron bacterias. S. epidermidis se aisló en 215/467 (46%), siendo predominante en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Recién Nacidos (UCI-RN). Cándida se aisló en 42 (9%); 43,8% Cándida sp, 25% C. albicans y 31,3% C. krusei. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de aislamiento de cándida en cultivos de CIV fue 9%, siendo la especie más frecuente C. krusei. El 18,7% fallecieron.

Objective: To determine the frequency of isolation of Candida in cultures of Vascular Catheters in a high complexity hospital between 2008 and 2009 and describe the clinical characteristics of patients. Material and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. We reviewed 783 records of intravascular catheter cultures (IVC) at Microbiology Section, Central Laboratory of the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, from January 2008 to December 2009, and medical history of patients with positive culture to Candida sp. We used descriptive statistic and spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info statistical software version 3.4.3. Results: There were 467 (59.6%) positive cultures, 425 (91%) were bacteria. S. epidermidis was isolated in 215/467 (46%), being predominant in the Intensive Care Unit Newborn (ICU-RN). Candida was isolated in 42 (9%), Candida sp 43.8%, 25% C. albicans and 31.3% C. krusei. Conclusions: The frequency of isolation of Candida in VIC cultures was 9%, being the most common species C. krusei. 18.7% of patients with positive culture died.

Condutividade elétrica na produção e nutrição de alface em sistema de cultivo hidropônico NFT / Electric conductivity in the production and nutrition lettuce in NFT system

As soluções nutritivas utilizadas nos cultivos hidropônicos de alface, têm condutividades elétricas variando de 1,5 a 2,5 mS cm-1. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes condutividades elétricas na produtividade da variedade BR 303 de alface. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), entre março e junho de 2005, com 4 tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. Nos tratamentos foram alocados os tipos de soluções nutritivas, obtidos por diferentes concentrações (0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mS cm-1). Foram avaliados as características de crescimento, matéria seca e o teor de nutrientes. O acúmulo de macronutrientes e de micronutrientes pela alface cultivar Brasil 303 apresentou redução significativa nos diferentes órgãos da planta na condutividade elétrica de 4 mS cm-1, com exceção do ferro. A maior exigência nutricional da alface para os macronutrientes foi K, N, Ca, P, Mg e S e dos micronutrientes foram Fe, Mn, Zn, B e Cu. A condutividade elétrica de 2,6 mS cm-1 apresentou produção máxima de 1.277,35 g por planta, mesmo inibindo o crescimento radicular. A salinidade de 4 mS cm-1 afetou a relação raiz parte aérea reduzindo em 47%.

The nutrient solutions used in hydroponic crops of lettuce have electrical conductivities that vary from 1,5 to 2.5 ms cm-1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different electrical conductivities in Condutividade elétrica... the productivity of the variety of BR 303 lettuce. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Plant Science of Federal University of Viçosa , between March and June 2005, with 4 treatments in a completely raffled design with six replicates. For the treatments were allocated the types of nutrient solutions obtained by different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mS cm-1). We evaluated the growth characteristics, dry matter and nutrient content. The accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients by the cultivar Brazil lettuce 303 decreased significantly in different plant organs in the electrical conductivity of 4 mS cm-1, with the exception of iron. The biggest nutritional requirement of lettuce to the macronutrients was K, N, Ca, P, Mg and S and to the micronutrients it was Fe, Mn, Zn, B and Cu. The electrical conductivity of 2.6 mS cm-1 showed maximum production of 1277.35 g per plant, even inhibiting root growth. The salinity of 4 mS cm-1 affected the relation root air part reducing it in 47%.