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1.
Gac Med Mex ; 153(1): 6-15, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28128800

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Research on diagnostic and formative assessment competencies during undergraduate medical training is scarce in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of clinical competence of students at the beginning of their medical internship in a new curriculum. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study in UNAM Faculty of Medicine students in Mexico City: a formative assessment of the second class of Curriculum 2010 students as part of the integral evaluation of the program. The assessment had two components: theoretical and practical. RESULTS: We assessed 577 students (65.5%) of the 880 total population that finished the 9th semester of Curriculum 2010. The written exam consisted of 232 items, with a mean of 61.0 ± 19.6, a difficulty index of 0.61, and Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The mean of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was 62.2 ± 16.8, with a mean Cronbach's alpha of 0.51. Results were analyzed by knowledge area and exam stations. CONCLUSIONS: The overall results provide evidence that students achieve sufficiently the competencies established in the curriculum at the beginning of the internship, that they have the necessary foundation for learning new and more complex information, and integrate it with existing knowledge to achieve significant learning and continue their training.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Internato e Residência , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico
2.
Gac Med Mex ; 150 Suppl 3: 361-4, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25643889

RESUMO

Morphology in biomedical sciences in the modern curriculum includes anatomy, embryology and cellular and tissular biology, and medical histology. Anatomy is taught in a traditional manner, however teaching with corpses will have to change because of the increasing difficulty of obtaining them for teaching purposes. In embryology, the major challenge is to help the student to understand the 3D rotations that happen during normal intrauterine development. For cellular and tissular biology and medical histology, the need for an increased contextual orientation will show the student why this course is important for the clinician. Core curriculum, in addition to textbooks containing basic information that students will have the time to read, is highly recommended, and finally we have to invest more time in formative rather than in storage of knowledge in the students' memory.

3.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 67(2): 54-59, mar.-abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569538

RESUMO

Resumen Después de varias décadas, el Programa de Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud sigue formando investigadores que integran las diversas instituciones en donde labora personal de salud. Es notable cómo algunos campos han crecido y cómo se ha incrementado la participación de las mujeres, tanto en maestría como en doctorado. Se presenta un panorama general de ingreso y graduación de acuerdo con los campos de conocimiento y por el sexo de las personas. Se hace un comentario sobre los cambios en las personas que dirigen instituciones que, en algunos casos, por más de 100 años eran dirigidas por personas del sexo masculino.


Abstract By reviewing the scientific literature specialized in sleep disorders (TS) carried out in Mexico, especially at the TS Clinic (Faculty of Medicine-UNAM) at the General Hospital of Mexico (CTS-HGM) from 1948 to 2020, it was possible to document the history of ST research in Mexico and the role played by the CTS-HGM. Sleep Medicine (MS) is one of the newest specialties in Mexico and case research in this field began around 1948, while formal research in 1974. The founding of CTS-HGM in 1997 led to significant development in TS research in Mexico. In addition, the CTS-HGM became a center of care for patients with these problems, as well as important research center since its publications cover all the diagnostic categories of the CITS.

4.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 66(6): 37-52, nov.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535225

RESUMO

Resumen El endotelio es una monocapa formada por células aplanadas llamadas w, que revisten la parte más interna del corazón, los vasos sanguíneos y los linfáticos. Es considerado un órgano que tiene una función de barrera, pero además se encarga de regular la permeabilidad y tono vascular, hemostasia, inflamación y angiogénesis. Esta revisión se centra sobre todo en las generalidades del endotelio vascular sano y su disfunción. Se analizan los conceptos de activación y disfunción, en donde la activación se considera como un proceso autolimitado, indispensable para la hemostasia y la inflamación. La disfunción endotelial, en cambio, es un proceso patológico, de mayor duración y que se presenta cuando el endotelio ya no puede autorregularse y cambia a un fenotipo proinflamatorio y protrombótico permanente. Esta disfunción es el primer cambio que lleva a la ateroesclerosis y al aumento del riesgo cardiovascular, por esta razón se revisan los principales biomarcadores de disfunción endotelial y riesgo cardiovascular. A medida que se avance en el conocimiento básico del endotelio y su disfunción, será posible diseñar nuevas medidas preventivas o terapéuticas que puedan disminuir dicho riesgo.


Abstract The endothelium is a monolayer of flatten cells named endothelial cells that form the inner layer of the heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels. Its function is not just as a barrier, but it is a regulator of vascular permeability and tone, hemostasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. This review is about the general aspects of vascular endothelium and endothelial dysfunction that leads to increased vascular risk. Activation and dysfunction are discussed, considering the endothelial activation as a self-limiting process, necessary to promote inflammation and hemostasis. Endothelial dysfunction is a pathological process in which the endothelium loses its ability for self-regulation and acquires a prothrombotic and proinflammation phenotype. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step for atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk, so the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction are reviewed. As basic knowledge about endothelium increases, preventive or therapeutic measures can be designed as treatment or prevention the risk of its dysfunction.

5.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 65(4): 47-55, jul.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394636

RESUMO

Resumen La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) es pionera en la creación de los estudios de posgrado, en específico la Facultad de Medicina tiene una extensa trayectoria en la creación y desarrollo en estos estudios. En un inicio, el objetivo se orientó propiamente a la formación de médicos especialistas, pero posteriormente enfocó su atención en el fortalecimiento académico con las actividades docentes y de investigación que proporcionan la maestría y el doctorado. Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de dar a conocer la evolución y modificaciones que los planes de estudio de maestría y doctorado han presentado a través del tiempo. Destacan las creaciones, reestructuras, adecuaciones y sobre todo la consolidación actual alcanzada con la participación multidisciplinaria de otras áreas.


Abstract The National Autonomous University of Mexico is a pioneer in the creation of postgraduate studies. Specifically, the Faculty of Medicine has an extensive trajectory in the creation and development of postgraduate studies. Initially, the objective of these studies was oriented to training of medical specialists, but later focused its attention on academic strengthening with the teaching and research activities that provided by the master's degree and doctorate. The purpose of this work is to show the evolution and modifications that the master's degree and doctorate curricula have undergone over time. It highlights the creation, restructuration, adaptations and, above all, the current consolidation achieved with the multidisciplinary participation of other areas.

6.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 65(5): 20-29, sep.-oct. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431339

RESUMO

Resumen Se estima que el 80% de la población mundial utiliza diversas plantas medicinales para el tratamiento o control de diversas enfermedades, ya sean agudas o crónicas, debido a su accesibilidad y bajo costo, observándose en los últimos años un aumento en el consumo sin una observación médica adecuada. México es considerado como el segundo país más importante del mundo en cuanto al conocimiento de la medicina tradicional, solo después de china. El uso de las plantas medicinales se ha reportado desde tiempos prehispánicos como una opción terapéutica, sin embargo, el único enfoque que se tiene es la parte curativa y no se ha reflexionado en que las plantas poseen metabolitos secundarios (compuestos químicos producidos por las plantas con actividad biológica en los seres vivos) que, además de tener efectos terapéuticos poseen efectos tóxicos en las personas que las consumen, observándose en algunos casos efectos reversibles después de suspender su consumo. El copalchi o palo amargo es una planta medicinal que proviene de la corteza del árbol de Hintonia latiflora (sin. Coutarea latiflora), la cual ha sido utilizada principalmente como tratamiento alternativo para pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, ya que se ha demostrado que tiene efecto hipoglucemiante. Sin embargo, se han reportado casos de hepatotoxicidad aguda con un incremento en las transaminasas hepáticas (ALT y AST) por el consumo continuo de dicha corteza, no obstante el procesamiento de las plantas medicinales utilizando medios físicos (calentar o hervir) puede alterar la actividad farmacológica de los constituyentes orgánicos, los cuales pueden verse también afectados en su concentración dependiendo de los factores ambientales de cultivo, localización del suelo, humedad y temperatura ambiental, así como la temporada de cosecha (tallos, hojas, flores, raíces, semillas). El consumo de esta planta medicinal es por medio de infusiones calientes o en cápsulas con extracto.


Abstract Approximately 80% of the world's population uses various medicinal plants for the treatment or control of various diseases, whether acute or chronic, due to their accessibility and low cost, observing in recent years an increase in consumption without proper medical observation. Mexico is considered the second most important country in the world in terms of traditional medicine knowledge, only after China. The use of medicinal plants has been reported since pre-Hispanic times as a therapeutic option; however, the only focus is on the curative part and it has not been considered that plants have secondary metabolites (chemical compounds produced by plants with biological activity in living beings) that, besides having therapeutic effects, have toxic effects in people who consume them, and in some cases reversible effects are observed after suspending their consumption. Copalchi or palo amargo is a medicinal plant obtained from the bark of the Hintonia latiflora tree (syn. Coutarea latiflora), which has been used mainly as an alternative treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, since it has been shown to have a hypoglycemic effect. However, cases of acute hepatotoxicity have been reported with an increase in hepatic transaminases (ALT and AST) by the continuous consumption of this bark. However, the processing of medicinal plants using physical means (heating or boiling) can alter the pharmacological activity of the organic constituents, which can also be affected in their concentration depending on the environmental factors of cultivation, soil location, humidity, and environmental temperature, as well as the harvesting season (stems, leaves, flowers, roots, seeds). The consumption of this medicinal plant is by means of hot infusions or in capsules with extract.

7.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 63(1): 42-47, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155385

RESUMO

Resumen: La educación médica se enfrenta a nuevos retos para el desarrollo y adquisición de competencias en los estudiantes de medicina, y aunque existen diversas estrategias didácticas que pueden permitir enfrentar dichos retos, el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) es una de las más eficaces para lograrlo; sin embargo, con el fin de aplicarlo de la mejor manera, es necesario entender el método y las diversas formas en que se ha implementado, así como identificar las dificultades y desventajas que se presentan. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sobre el método del ABP, sus ventajas y desventajas, así como algunos errores comunes al momento de implementarlo, haciendo hincapié en el contexto mexicano.


Abstract: Medical education faces new challenges in the development and acquisition of competencies in medical students, and although there are teaching strategies that can be helpful to reach this goal, PBL is one of the best strategies. In order to take advantage of PBL, it is important to understand the method and the various ways in which it has been implemented, as well as to identify the difficulties and disadvantages of PBL. The objective of this article is to review the PBL method, its advantages and disadvantages, and some frequent mistakes in its implementation, emphasizing the Mexican context.

8.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 67(1): 3-7, ene.-feb. 2024. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559094
10.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 67(2): 60-62, mar.-abr. 2024. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569539
12.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 67(3): 52-56, may.-jun. 2024. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569546
13.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 62(1): 6-18, ene.-feb. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013219

RESUMO

Resumen El megacariocito es la célula más grande de la médula ósea, por lo tanto es relativamente fácil reconocer su presencia al observar un aspirado o una biopsia de este tejido. Difiere de otras células por su tamaño, por ser poliploide y crecer por endomitosis. No hay otra célula humana que crezca así. Además, tiene funciones biológicas muy importantes. La más conocida es el dar origen a las plaquetas, que son indispensables para la hemostasia y la reparación de los vasos sanguíneos dañados, así como para la cicatrización de los tejidos que rodean a las heridas. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, a los megacariocitos también se les han atribuido algunas otras funciones que discutiremos en esta revisión.


Abstract The Megakaryocyte is the biggest cell in the bone marrow; therefore, it is easy to recognize in a bone marrow aspirate. In humans, this cell differs from others because of its size, its polyploidy and because it grows by endomitosis. It is the only human cell that grows this way. In addition, the megakaryocyte has very important biological functions. Its best-known function is being in charge of the production of platelets, which are essential for hemostasis, the repair of damaged blood vessels, and healing the tissues surrounding wounds. However, in recent years, other functions have been attributed to the megakaryocyte, which will be discussed in this review.

17.
18.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 66(3): 51-53, may.-jun. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514815
20.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 66(4): 56-58, jul.-ago. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514823
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